• Title/Summary/Keyword: contents of $TiO_2$

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Experimental Study on Dyeing Technical PET Yarns Having Different $TiO_2$ Contents

  • Cho Dae Hwan
    • Fibers and Polymers
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.321-326
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    • 2004
  • [ $TiO_2$ ] contents in yarns can influence color yield so that dyeing quality of industrial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns can be improved through the adjustment of $TiO_2$ contents. To evaluate the dyeing performance of color yield, the chips which included the different $TiO_2$ contents of 330,550, and 1,100 ppm respectively were used to produce the yarns of different $TiO_2$ content by a spin-draft machine. The physical and structural properties of the yarns were measured to investigate effect of the $TiO_2$ contents on them. Dye uptake and dyeing rate were also evaluated using a colorimeter to compare the yarns having different TiOz contents. The experimental results showed that there were no appreciable variation in physical and structural properties among the yarn samples and no difference were observed among the dyed fabric samples with regard to dyeing uptake and dyeing rate. However, the color yield of dyed fabrics increased as $TiO_2$ contents decreased in the yarns especially when the fabric samples were dyed to pale shade. The physical reasoning could be proposed on why the yarns having low $TiO_2$ contents appeared to have higher color yield after dyeing.

Reflecting and Dielectric Characteristics of $P_2O_5-ZnO\;and\;SiO_2-ZnO-B_2O_3$ Dielectric Systems due to the Contents of $TiO_2$ ($TiO_2$ 함량에 따른 $P_2O_5-ZnO$계와 $SiO_2-ZnO-B_2O_3$계 유전체의 반사 및 유전특성)

  • Ryu, Boo-Hyung;Kwon, Soon-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.20 no.4 s.72
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    • pp.29-33
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, reflectance and the dielectric characteristics for $P_2O_5-ZnO-BaO$ system and $SiO_2-ZnO-B_2O_3$ system have been investigated as a function of contents of $TiO_2$. The reflectance was decreased with increasing the contents of $TiO_2$ and the reflectance of $P_2O_5-ZnO-BaO$ system was lowered than that of $SiO_2-ZnO-B_2O_3$ system. The dielectric constant of $P_2O_5-ZnO-BaO$ system was higher than $SiO_2-ZnO-B_2O_3$ system, and the dielectric constant in the both system was increased with increasing of $TiO_2$ contents. This can be explained as the space charge effects. These results are could be applied to the under plate dielectrics of PDP required high reflective ratio and breakdown strength.

Electrical properties of the lower dielectrics layer of PDP required high reflectance and low dielectric constants (높은 반사율과 저유전율이 요구되는 PDP의 후면 유전체 층의 전기적 특성)

  • Kwon, Soon-Seok;Ryu, Jang-Ryeol
    • 전자공학회논문지 IE
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.8-12
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, reflectance and the dielectric characteristics for $P_2O_5$-ZnO-BaO system and $SiO_2-ZnO-B_2O_3$ system have been investigated as a function of contents of $TiO_2$. The reflectance was decreased with increasing the contents of $TiO_2$ contents, and the reflectance of $P_2O_5$-ZnO-BaO system was lowered than that of $SiO_2-ZnO-B_2O_3$ system. The dielectric constant of $P_2O_5$-ZnO-BaO system was higher than $SiO_2-ZnO-B_2O_3$ system, and the dielectric constant in the both system was increased with increasing of $TiO_2$ contents. This can explained as the space charge effects. These results are could be applied to the lower dielectrics layer of PDP required high reflective ratio and breakdown strength.

A study of the inorganic element contents for the ginsengs of Keumsan, Chungnam

  • Song, Suck-Hwan;Sik, Chang-Gyu
    • Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.74-75
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    • 2008
  • This study is for geochemical relationships between ginsengs and soils from three representative soil types from Keumsan, shale, phyllite and granite. For these study, ginsengs, with the field and weathered soils were collected from the three regions, and are analysed for the major and trace elements. In the weathered soils(avg.), the granite and phyllite areas are high in the most of elements while the shale area is low. In the correlation coefficients, negative correlations are shown in the $Al_2O_3$-MgO pair while positive correlations, are shown in the Ba-Sr, Zr, Sr-Zr and Cs-Ge pairs. In the field soils(avg.), the granite and phyllite areas are, generally, high in the most of elements while the shale area is low. In the shale area, the major elements are high in the 4 year soils, but low in the 2 year soils. The LFS(Ba, Sr, Cs) and transitional elements are high in the 2 year soils, but low in the 4 year soils. The HFS(Y, Zr) is high in the 4 year soils. In the correlation coefficients, most of the elements from the 4 year show positive relationships. Positive correlations are shown in the $Al_2O_3$-CaO, MnO-MgO, V-Tl, and Ba-Sr pairs in all localities. In the ginseng contents, clear chemical differences with the ages are shown in the shale and granite ares, but not clear in the phyllite area. In the shale area Mn, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Y contents, increase with ages but decrease in Al, Cs, Be and Cd. In the correlation coefficients, degrees of the correlations for the major elements become low with the ages. Positive correlations are shown in the Al-Mn, Ti, Mn-Ti, Mg-Ca, Ca-K, Ba-Cs, Y and Cs-Y pairs. Comparisons with ginsengs of the same ages from the different areas suggest that generally, the 2 years in the shale and 3 and 4 years in the granite area are distinctive. Relative ratios(granite/ shale area) of the ginsengs are below 1 in the major elements except Mn in the 2 year ginsengs and above 1 in the other elements except Mg and Na in the 4 year. Relative ratios(granite/ phyllite area) of the ginsengs are high in the 3 year from the phyllite area. In the relative ratios(weathered/field soils) of the soils, numbers of the elements showing the ratios of above 1 increase from the shale, to phyllite and granite in the case of the major elements, but decrease in the case of the trace elements. These results suggest that major elements are high in the granite while trace elements are high in the shale area. In the relative ratios between field soils and ginsengs(field soils/ginseng), the shale area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y and Tl, of several ten times in the MnO, MgO and Ba and of several times in the CaO contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y and Tl, but similar in the CaO contents. The phyllite area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y, Tl and Be, of several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $Na_2O$ and Ba, and of several times to ten times in the CaO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from those of the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y, Tl and Be, but similar in the CaO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. The granite area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Tl and Be, of several ten times in the Ba, and of several times to ten times in the MgO and CaO contents. Of the other elements, differences of several times to ten times are shown in the MnO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from those of the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Tl and Be, but similar in the $K_2O$ and Sr contents. Comparisons among the different ages from the same area suggest that, in the case of shale area, differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$, of the several ten times in the MnO, MgO and Ba and several times in the CaO and $K_2O$ are shown in the 2 year ginsengs. Differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs, Y, Tl and Be, of above several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $K_2O$ and Ba, and of several times in the CaO and Sr are shown in the 3 year ginsengs. Differences of several hundred to thousand times in the $Al_2O_3$, of above several hundred times in the $TiO_2$, Cs and Y, and of several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $K_2O$ and Ba, and of several times in the $Na_2O$ are shown in the 4 year ginsengs. These relationships suggest that, regardless of the localities in the shale area, $Al_2O_3$ contents of the soils show big differences from those of the ginsengs. Regardless of the ages of ginsengs, comparisons with the overall average contents of each area show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs and Tl and of several ten times in the MnO. These overall relationships suggest that the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs and Tl contents of the soils are higher than those of the ginsengs, show big differences between two and low different contents are found in the MnO. In detail, differences of several hundred times in the Y, and ten times in the MgO and Sr, and of several times in the CaO, $Na_2O$, $K_2O$ in the case of shale area, are shown. These results suggest that the soils are higher than the ginsengs in the Y and significantly differences in Y, and moderately differences in the MgO and Sr, and low differences in the CaO, $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$ are shown between soils and ginsengs.

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Impedance Spectroscopy Study of TiO$_2$ added SnO$_2$ (TiO$_2$가 첨가된 SnO$_2$의 Impedance Spectroscopy에대한 연구)

  • 최우성;박춘배
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 1996.05a
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    • pp.277-279
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    • 1996
  • A.C. and D.C. characteristic of TiO$_2$ added SnO$_2$ are investigated to study the electrical properties. The electrical inductivity increases as TiO$_2$content increase. The doer effect of TiO$_2$ is crucial role for the increase of electrical conductivity. The frequency-dependent ac inductivity increases with the increase of TiO$_2$ contents at low frequency region. However, at high frequency region, the difference of ac conductivity is very small. Impedance spectrums are consist of the one semicircle. Therefore, the sizes of semicircle decreases with increasing the TiO$_2$ contents.

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Comparisons of Inorganic Compounds between the Ginsengs, Keumsan, Chungnam and their Soils (충남 금산의 인삼 및 토양의 무기 원소 함량 비교)

  • Song, Suck-Hwan;You, Seon-Gyun;Kim, Ill-Chool
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.12-21
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    • 2007
  • Ginsengs (1,2 3 years) from the Keumsan are analysed for the inorganic compounds and compared with the their soils from the granite, phyllite and shale areas. In the soils, the granite areas show high $Al_2O_3\;and\;Na_2O$ contents while the phyllite areas have high $Fe_2O_3,\;MnO\;and\;MgO$ contents. Positive correlations are shown in the $Al_2O_3-K_2O\;and\;Fe_2O_3-MgO$ pairs while negative correlations are shown in the $SiO_2-CaO$ pair. In the ginsengs, the shale areas are high in the most of the elements, but low in the granite areas. Compared with same soils of different ages, Al, Na and Ti contents of the ginsengs are high in the all areas. The shale areas are mainly high in the upper parts while the granite areas are mainly high in the root parts. Regardless of the localities, Fe, Mn and Ca contents are high in the upper parts while Ti contents are high in the root parts with differences of several times. Relative ratios between field soils and ginsengs (field soil/ginseng) suggest that the ginsengs show high Ca contents with differences of several ten times whereas the soils have high Na, Fe, Ti and Al contents with differences of several times. Regardless of the localities, the ratios of the Al, Mn and Na are high in the 2 year relative to the 3 year. Overall ratios between field soils and ginsengs are mainly big in the 2 year area relative to the 3 year area. It suggests that contents of the 3 year ginsengs are more similar to those of their soils relative to the 2 year and the ginsengs may absorpt eligible element contents with increasing ages.

Effects of $TiO_2$ content, fiber strength and spinning oil on dyeing properties of the PET fibers (PET원사의 염착특성과 관련한 $TiO_2$ 함량, 원사의 강도 및 방사유제의 영향)

  • Park Young-Min;Cho Dae-Hwan;Son Young-A
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.18 no.3 s.88
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    • pp.10-15
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    • 2006
  • In this research, we studied the dyeing properties of PET fibers in terms of $TiO_2$ contents, fiber strength and spinning oil which may cause barre' effect. The effect of $TiO_2$ contents in the fibers had no influence on the dye uptake. However, the reflectance(%) behaviors showed the different visual properties as $TiO_2$ contents in the fibers. The other factors could be considered as strength and spinning oil which also revealed difference on the dye exhaustion. The experimental results showed that $TiO_2$ contents within the fibers influenced reflectance(%) behaviors. Furthermore, fiber strength and spinning oil could be considered other major factors to impart the dyeing irregularity and barre' effect.

Photochemical Synthesis and Optical Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles( I ) (광화학 반응에 의한 TiO2 나노입자 형성 및 광학특성(I))

  • 정재훈;문정오;문병기;손세모;정수태
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2003
  • TiO$_2$ nanoparticles were prepared by photochemical synthesis in the dry toluene. The shape and size of the amorphous TiO$_2$ nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscope. The particle size was varied by the contents of the titanium (IV) isopropoxide in dry toluene. Especially networked TiO$_2$ particles were formed from 40% titanium (IV) isopropoxide solution. The optical absorption spectra, photoluminescence, and PL excitation spectra of TiO$_2$ in dry toluene were obtained. The were shifted to the short wavelength as the contents of TiO$_2$ were increased. PL excitation had the peak at the wavelength regions is which the absorption increased steeply.

Dielectric Properties of the Pb($Zn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})0_3-BaTiO_3PbTiO_3$ Ceramics (Pb($Zn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})0_3-BaTiO_3PbTiO_3$ 세라믹의 유전특성에 관한 연구)

  • 박인길;이성갑;배선기;이영희
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 1988.10a
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    • pp.8-11
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    • 1988
  • (1-x-y)Pb($Zn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})0_3-BaTiO_3PbTiO_3(0.05{\leq}x{\leq}0.20, 0.05{\leq}y{\leq}0.15$) ternary compound ceramics were fabricated by the mixed oxide method. The dielectric properties with temperature and frequency of the specimens were investigated. Relative dielectric constants of the specimens were increased with $BaTiO_3$ contents. Increasing the $BaTiO_3$contents, the variation in the relative dielectric constant with frequency, the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) and the dielectric loss were decreased.

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The Electrical Properties of $(SrPb)(CaMg)TiO_3$ Ceramics with Contents of $Bi_2O_3{\cdot}3TiO_2$ ($Bi_2O_3{\cdot}3TiO_2$의 첨가량에 따른 $(SrPb)(CaMg)TiO_3$ 세라믹의 전기적 특성)

  • Kim, Chung-Hyeok
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.111-120
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    • 1998
  • In this paper, the $(SrPb)(CaMg)TiO_3$ ceramics with paraelectric properties were fabricated by the mixed oxide method. It was investigated that which the variation of contents of $Bi_2O_3{\cdot}3TiO_2$ effects on structural, dielectrical and electrical properties of specimens. As a result, the grain size were grown with increasing the contents of $Bi_2O_3{\cdot}3TiO_2$. The relative dielectric constants were increased up to 4[mol%] of $Bi_2O_3{\cdot}3TiO_2$, and decreased more or less at a low temperature in the specimens which had more than. But the temperature coefficient. of capacitance were showed ${\pm}25$[%]. The dielectric loss were less than 0.05 in all specimens which had more than 4[mol%] of $Bi_2O_3{\cdot}3TiO_2$. In order to investigate the behavior of charged particles, the characteristics of electrical conduction were measured. As a result, the conduction current was divided into the three steps as a function of DC electric field. The first step was Ohmic region due to ionic conduction, below 15[kV/cm]. The second step was showed a saturation which seems to be related to a depolarizing field occuring in field-enforced ferroelectric phase, between 15[kV/cm] and 40[kV/cm]. The third step was attributed to Child's law related to space charge which injected from electrode, above 40[kV/cm].

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