• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2018

The correlation between the nutritional composition of soybeans and whole soymilk palatability was investigated using nine soybean cultivars (Teagwangkong, Daewonkong, Saedanback, Jinpung, Daechan, Miso, Cheongmiin, Cheongja 3, and Socheongja). Physicochemical analysis of soybeans, showed that the protein and lipid contents were 37.7-46.0 and 15.2-20.9%, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids were 81.1-84.8% of total fatty acids, of which linoleic acids was 49.7-56.8%. Total tocopherol was $243.5-361.3{\mu}g/g$ of extract, of which ${\gamma}$-tocopherol was $67.14-86.49{\mu}g/g$. Total isoflavone contents varied within cultivars from $495.4-1,443.8{\mu}g/g$ of extract. Daidzin and genistin were 252.1-556.0 and $241.8-730.7{\mu}g/g$, respectively, which were major isoflavones in soybeans. For the sensory evaluation, whole soymilk was made from nine soybean cultivars and 20 panels investigate its palatability. The Daechan cultivar had the highest (9.1), and Cheongmiin the lowest (5.6), overall palatability score. Interestingly, sensory results were strongly correlated with linoleic acid (0.746) and stearic acid (-0.716) content. In summary, the fatty acid composition of soybeans is the key factor in determining the palatability of whole soymilk. This study could be applied to determine the suitability of cultivars for soybean products, including whole soymilk.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.142-153
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• 2011

'Silla Monument Stone in Jungseong-ri, Pohang' was discovered in Pohang City, Gyeongsangbuk Province of Korea in 2009. The monument stone with irregular shape has dimensions of maximum height of 105cm, width of 47.6~49.6cm, thickness of 13.8~14.7cm and weight of 115kg. The results of monument stone was found to be granitite. Conservation treatment procedure was carried out in the order of production of Weathering map, cleaning of surface pollutants, consolidation using ethyl silicate. Black pollutant(crust) that covered more than 60% of the surface was analyzed first in order to remove the pollutants on the surface of the monumental stone by cleaning of surface pollutants using laser. The purpose on analysis was not only to verify the pollutants on the stone but also to carry out preliminary cleaning by securing rocks with same pollutant as the monumental stone. As the results of analysis using p-XRF(PMI. INNOV-X, USA) on the site, high level of Mn and Fe were detected, and the analysis of small section that had been fallen off with SEM/EDX for the purpose of quantitative analysis also detected high level of Mn. The Similar contaminants on Stone secured in the manner described above were made into 10 samples ($5cm{\times}5cm$) and was subjected to preliminary cleaning by Nd-YAG Laser(Laser&Physics, Korea). The results of surface observation through portable microscope during cleaning revealed that the power of 460mJ, wavelength of 1064nm and irradiation frequency of 1,800~2,300 per $25cm^2$ were most effective. Evaluation on the preservative treatment was made through confirmation of the extent of removal through color-difference meter measurement and component analysis prior to and following removal of the pollutants. As the result of color-difference meter measurement increase in the brightness was evidenced by the increase in the brightness ($L^*$)value from 33 to 49, and it was possible to ascertain the reduction in the pollutants as the content of Mn was reduced by about 80% from $50,000{\pm}5,000ppm$ to $10,000{\pm}2,000pmm$ from the result of component analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.49-61
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• 2019

Swine manure has been recognized as a organic sources for composting and many research was conducted to efficiently utilize and treat. This study was to evaluate a feasibility for producing swine manure compost under various treatment with mixture of swine manure and saw dust. Treatments were designed as follows; non aerated composting pile(REF), aerated composting pile of $100L/m^3$(EXP1), and aerated composting pile of $150L/m^3$(EXP2). The total days of fermentation were 28 days and each samples were collected at every 7 days from starting of composting. Temperature sensors were installed under 30~40cm from the surface of composting pile. Inner temperature in composting piles of EXP1 and EXP2 was rapidly increased to $67{\sim}75^{\circ}C$ within 1~2 days. The elevated temperatures found during the thermophilic phase are essential for rapid degradation of organic materials. While swine manure composted, moisture content, total nitrogen, EC of EXP1, EXP2 in sample at 28 days were lower than those of REF. But, pH and organic matter of EXP1, EXP2 in sample at 28 days were higher than those of REF. After finishing fermentation experiment, maturity was evaluated with germination test. Calculated germination index(GI) at REF, EXP1 and EXP2 were 23.49, 68.50 and 51.81, respectively. The values of germination index were higher at EXP1 and EXP2 which is aerated composting piles than REF which is non aerated composting pile. According to the results, composting process by aerated static pile compost had significant effect on the reduction of required period for composting. Supplying adequate amount of air to compost swine manure will greatly reduce composting period.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.251-263
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• 2019

Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument(MSI) launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) offered high spatial resolution optical products, enhanced temporal revisit of five days, and 13 spectral bands in the visible, near infrared and shortwave infrared wavelengths similar to Landsat mission. Landsat satellite imagery has been applied to various previous studies, but Sentinel-2 optical satellite imagery has not been widely used. Currently, for global coverage, Sentinel-2 products are systematically processed and distributed to Level-1C (L1C) products which contain the Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. Furthermore, ESA plans a systematic global production of Level-2A(L2A) product including the atmospheric corrected Bottom-of-Atmosphere (BOA) reflectance considered the aerosol optical thickness and the water vapor content. Therefore, the Sentinel-2 L2A products are expected to enhance the reliability of image quality for overall coverage in the Sentinel-2 mission with enhanced spatial,spectral, and temporal resolution. The purpose of this work is a quantitative comparison Sentinel-2 L2A products and fully simulated image to evaluate the applicability of the Sentinel-2 dataset in cultivated land growing various kinds of crops in Korea. Reference image of Sentinel-2 L2A data was simulated by airborne hyperspectral data acquired from AISA Fenix sensor. The simulation imagery was compared with the reflectance of L1C TOA and that of L2A BOA data. The result of quantitative comparison shows that, for the atmospherically corrected L2A reflectance, the decrease in RMSE and the increase in correlation coefficient were found at the visible band and vegetation indices to be significant.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.85-105
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop and implement cooperative consumption education programs using design thinking in middle school home economics education classes to understand the impact on students' cooperative problem solving competency. Accordingly, a cooperative consumption education program based on design thinking was developed according to the ADDIE model, and the evaluation was conducted on a total of 25 students. The results of the study were as follows. First, based on prior research, we developed a consumption education program based on D. school's design thinking process under the theme of 'Creating a Shared School' for the practice of cooperative consumption. As a result of expert validity verification of the teaching/learning course plan and workbook for the eight sessions, the average question was 4.72 (out of 5 points) and the average CVI was 0.93, indicating that the content validity and field suitability were excellent. Second, to summarize the results achieved from the implementation of the cooperative consumption education program, the pre-/post-test using the revised and supplemented cooperative problem-solving competency tool, and the open-ended survey, It was confirmed that the developed program had a significant effect on improving not only the students' knowledge and perceived necessity for cooperative consumption along with the awareness of practice, but also the cooperative problem-solving competency. As a follow-up study, we propose to expand the research to a wider audience, and to further conduct research and develop programs applied with design thinking in home economics curriculum and in consumer competency development. This study confirmed that cooperative consumption education programs using design thinking are effective in improving youth's cooperative problem-solving competency and is meaningful in that they developed consumption education programs under the theme of 'cooperative consumption' in response to changing consumer education needs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the degree of reduction in the yield of sweetpotato subjected to different shading treatments according to the growing season of the typical viscous sweetpotato 'Hogammi' and the powdery sweetpotato 'Jinyulmi'. Shading was provided using commercially available shading nets (55% and 75% shading level), and the treatments were applied at the following stages of storage root growth: SFS: the storage root formation stage (planting-50^th day), SSS: the storage root swelling stage (50-90^th day), and SAS: the storage root actively swelling Stage (90-120^th day). The growth characteristics according to shading treatments during each growth period, the number of tubers obtained at harvest, and sugar contents were investigated. For both assessed cultivars, there was no significant difference between the control group and the 55% shading treated group with respect to the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II under different shading treatments, whereas the 75% shading group showed slightly higher values than the control group. In both cultivars, the contents of chlorophyll a and b tended to increase in plants subjected to shading treatments compared with the control plants, particularly that of chlorophyll b. Compared with the control group, the chlorophyll b content of 'Hogammi' subjected to 55% and 75% shading increased by 47% and 41%, respectively, whereas that of 'Jinyulmi' increased by 39% and 34%, respectively. We also detected reductions in the dry weights of the above- and belowground parts of the two varieties in response to shading compared with the control, with the reduction in the dry weight of belowground parts being significant. Furthermore, in both varieties, the T/R rate tended to increase in response to shading treatment. Owing to the lack of sunlight, both cultivars tended to suppress the formation and enlargement of tuber roots. Consequently, post-harvest yield analysis revealed that under shading treatments, both cultivars were characterized by poor tuber root growth according to growing season, with the yield of 'Hogammi' showing a greater reduction compared with that of 'Jinyulmi'. In addition, we found that the higher shading level also significantly reduced yields. Compared with the storage root formation and storage root actively swelling stages, shading treatments during the storage root swelling stage significantly affected yield reduction in both varieties.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.150-167
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• 2021

Since the advent of tertiary curriculum, middle school history education has been focused on political history, but many students perceive history as a simple memorization subject and complain about difficulties in abstract learning. The researcher saw this problem as caused by the history curriculum, and carried out this study for the purpose of proposing a revitalization of cultural property education in the middle school history curriculum. First, through the analysis of prior research, the usefulness of cultural property education, such as nurturing creative talent and realizing interactive history classes, was revealed, and the problems of the current political history-centered middle school history curriculum were pointed out. Afterwards, as a result of conducting an opinion survey on middle school 3rd grade students and social studies teachers, it was found that first, both middle school students and their teachers thought that the current political history-centered history had much room for improvement. Second, all groups agreed on the necessity of cultural property education in history education. However, in reality, it was found that it was not easy to sufficiently educate students about cultural property in a political history-centered curriculum. Third, teachers thought that it was necessary to improve the current history curriculum in order to enhance cultural property education. Based on these findings, the researcher suggested an improvement plan for the 2015 revised history curriculum. First, in the 'nature of the subject' section, cultural properties and historical materials should be included, and in the 'objective' section, politics, economy, society, and culture should be included. Contents related to cultural properties should be added to the sub-themes in the 'content system and achievement standards', and cultural properties-related contents should be further reinforced in the achievement standards, 'teaching, learning and evaluation'. It was suggested that this section should include cultural property learning and historical material learning, and guidance on teaching and learning methods of cultural property education should be added. If these aspects are reflected in the 2022 revised curriculum that is currently being developed, cultural property education will be improved, and more lively history education will be provided to students.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.356-363
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• 2021

This study investigated the quality characteristics of anchovy sauce fermented using Nuruk to maintain a unique flavor, reduce fishy smell, and improve the fermentation rate. Six kinds of fermented fish sauces, including the control, fermentation using traditional Nuruk; SH Koji (Fs-A), JJ Koji (Fs-B), GJ Koji (Fs-C); and fermentation with improved Nuruk; Aspergillus luchuensis (Fs-D) and Aspergillus oryzae (Fs-E), were prepared. Samples were collected at 15 days intervals with 10% Nuruk added to raw anchovy and fermented at 25o C for 60 days. The free amino acids, especially glutamic acid content and amino nitrogen, were the highest in Fs-C, reflecting the high protease activity of Nuruk C (GJ). Regarding overall sensory evaluation, the control was the lowest, whereas Fs-C was highly evaluated among the sample groups. The addition of Nuruk not only shortened the fermentation period, but also increased the overall sensory level by adding umami and reducing fishy odor.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2021

Speaker recognition is generally divided into speaker identification and speaker verification. Speaker recognition plays an important function in the automatic voice system, and the importance of speaker recognition technology is becoming more prominent as the recent development of portable devices, voice technology, and audio content fields continue to expand. Previous speaker recognition studies have been conducted with the goal of automatically determining who the speaker is based on voice files and improving accuracy. Speech is an important sociolinguistic subject, and it contains very useful information that reveals the speaker's attitude, conversation intention, and personality, and this can be an important clue to speaker recognition. The final ending used in the speaker's speech determines the type of sentence or has functions and information such as the speaker's intention, psychological attitude, or relationship to the listener. The use of the terminating ending has various probabilities depending on the characteristics of the speaker, so the type and distribution of the terminating ending of a specific unidentified speaker will be helpful in recognizing the speaker. However, there have been few studies that considered speech in the existing text-based speaker recognition, and if speech information is added to the speech signal-based speaker recognition technique, the accuracy of speaker recognition can be further improved. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method using speech style expressed as a sentence-final ending to improve the accuracy of Korean speaker recognition. To this end, a method called sentence sequencing that generates vector values by using the type and frequency of the sentence-final ending appearing in the utterance of a specific person is proposed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, learning and performance evaluation were conducted with a actual drama script. The method proposed in this study can be used as a means to improve the performance of Korean speech recognition service.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2021

The in vitro antioxidant activity of oregano seed fractions, fractionizing with 80% ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, was evaluated, and their effects on edible oils were determined in corn oil at 180℃. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest radical-scavenging activity. The ferric reducing antioxidant power activity and total phenol content of the ethyl acetate fraction were determined as 6,130 µmol ascorbic acid equivalents/g extract and 770 µmol tannic acid equivalents/g extract, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other fractions (p<0.05). Primary and secondary oxidation products in corn oil added with the ethyl acetate fraction of oregano seed significantly decreased by 1.5 and 1.26 times, respectively, compared with those in the control groups. The major volatile ingredients in the ethyl acetate fraction of oregano seeds were determined to be carvacrol, thymoquinone, and 3-cyclopentylcyl-cyclopentan-1-one. Ethyl acetate is a suitable solvent for extracting antioxidant compounds from oregano seeds and can be used as a natural antioxidant.