• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2013

We had analyzed 10 exome sequencing data and single nucleotide polymorphism chips for blood cancer provided by the PGM21 (The National Project for Personalized Genomic Medicine) Award program. We had removed sample G06 because the pair is not correct and G10 because of possible contamination. In-house software somatic copy-number and heterozygosity alteration estimation (SCHALE) was used to detect one loss of heterozygosity region in G05. We had discovered 27 functionally important mutations. Network and pathway analyses gave us clues that NPM1, GATA2, and CEBPA were major driver genes. By comparing with previous somatic mutation profiles, we had concluded that the provided data originated from acute myeloid leukemia. Protein structure modeling showed that somatic mutations in IDH2, RASGEF1B, and MSH4 can affect protein structures.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2016

Rice contaminated with fungal species during storage is not only of poor quality and low economic value, but may also have harmful effects on human and animal health. The predominant fungal species isolated from rice grains during storage belong to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Some of these fungal species produce mycotoxins; they are responsible for adverse health effects in humans and animals, particularly Aspergillus flavus, which produces the extremely carcinogenic aflatoxins. Not surprisingly, there have been numerous attempts to devise safety procedure for the control of such harmful fungi and production of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins. This review provides information about fungal and mycotoxin contamination of stored rice grains, and microbe-based (biological) strategies to control grain fungi and mycotoxins. The latter will include information regarding attempts undertaken for mycotoxin (especially aflatoxin) bio-detoxification and microbial interference with the aflatoxin-biosynthetic pathway in the toxin-producing fungi.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Heavy metals contamination of soils in the vicinity of abandoned mines in South Korea has been investigated. However, PAHs contamination rarely has been studied. Both heavy metals and PAHs concentrations have been measured in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS: The samples of soil and sediment were collected from the vicinities of three abandoned coal mines and two abandoned metal mines for analysis of heavy metals contaminants and PAHs concentration from April to September 2012. After preparation of these samples following the Korean standard test method for soils, the concentrations of heavy metals contaminants and PAHs were measured using ICP-OES and GC-MS, respectively. It was observed that the concentration of Arsenic was above the concern level based on 'area 1' suggested by Korean soil conservation law, resulting that Arsenic is the main contaminant in these areas. Also Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were observed as a partial contaminants. The concentrations of other investigated components including benzo(a)pyrene were less than the concern level. CONCLUSION: The correlation observed between Arsenic (as main contaminant) and PAHs concentrations suggested that the contaminant source and pathway are different for each other. The effect of mine activity on PAHs concentration was rarely observed.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.245-245
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• 2017

Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils affects land productivity and has impact on the quality of surrounding ecosystem. Soil microbial community parameters are used as reliable indices for assessing quality of agricultural lands under metal stress. This study investigated bacterial community structure of polluted and undisturbed paddy soils to elucidate soil factors that are related to alteration of bacterial communities under conditions of metal pollution. No obvious differences in the richness or diversity of bacterial communities were observed between samples from polluted and control areas. The bacterial communities of three locations were distinct from one another, and each location possessed distinctive set of bacterial phylotypes. The abundances of several phyla and genera differed significantly between study locations. Variation of bacterial community was mostly related to soil general properties at phylum level while at finer taxonomic levels concentrations of arsenic and lead were significant factors. According to results of bacterial community functional prediction, the soil bacterial communities of metal polluted locations were characterized by more abundant DNA replication and repair, translation, transcription and nucleotide metabolism pathway enzymes while amino acid and lipid metabolism as well as xenobiotic biodegradation potential was reduced.Our results suggest that the soil microbial communities had adapted to the elevated metal concentrations in the polluted soils as evidenced by changes in relative abundances of particular groups of microorganisms at different taxonomic resolution levels, and by altered functional potential of the microbial communities.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 최근 전 세계적으로 이슈가 되고 있는 셰일가스 개발 과정 중 발생 가능한 환경문제에 대해 고찰하고자 하였다. 셰일가스는 개발 가능한 자원량 측면에서 매우 우수하며, 기존의 석유 및 석탄에 비해 이산화탄소 및 아황산가스 배출량도 적은 친환경적인 연료이다. 셰일가스가 부존하는 지층의 특성상 개발 과정 중 유체투과도를 높이는 수압파쇄공법 적용이 필수적이나, 이러한 기술 적용에 따라 수질, 토양, 대기 오염 등 다양한 환경문제의 발생이 예상된다. 셰일가스 개발에 따른 오염은 지상 및 함수층 주변에서 발생 가능하며, 따라서 셰일가스 개발은 환경적으로 위험 요소가 될 수 있다. 그러므로 셰일가스 개발 시 발생 가능한 환경문제에 대한 이해가 필요하며, 본 연구에서는 향후 수압파쇄공법에 의한 셰일가스 개발 시 발생할 수 있는 주요 환경 문제들을 정리하고, 이에 대한 해결 방안들을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권spc호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2022

The conceptual site model (CSM) is used as a key tool to support decision making in risk based management of contaminated sites. In this work, CSM was applied in Jeonju Industrial Complex where site investigation for groundwater contamination was conducted. Site background information including facility types, physical conditions, contaminants spill history, receptor exposure, and ecological information were collected and cross-checked with tabulated checklist necessary for CSM application. The CSM for contaminants migration utilized DNAPL transport model and narrative CSMs were constructed for source to receptor pathway, ecological exposure route, and contaminants fate and transport in the form of a diagram or flowchart. The component and uncertainty of preliminary CSM were reviewed using the data gap analysis while taking into account the purpose of the survey and the site management stage at the time of the survey. Through this approach, the potential utility of CSM was demonstrated in the site management process, such as assessing site conditions and planning follow-up survey work.

• 지질공학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.411-429
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• 2018

대영광산(일명 대마광산)은 함금은석영맥을 주 대상으로 채광한 금 은광산으로, 주 광해유발요인은 광물찌꺼기 적치장, 폐석장, 갱구 등 이다. 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 주 오염원소는 As와 Pb이다. 특히 As의 경우 3,424.41~3,803.61 mg/kg로 1지역 대책기준의 45배 이상으로 As에 의한 오염이 매우 심각한 것으로 파악되었다. 오염원소를 보면 오염원인 광물찌꺼기가 고농도의 As를 함유하고 있으며, 오염원의 영향을 받는 주변의 매체에서도 공통적으로 As 오염이 확인되고 있다. 이러한 As 오염은 광물찌꺼기 적치장과의 지형적 상관성이나 이격거리에 따라 오염정도가 달라지는 특성을 나타낸다. 즉 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 상류지역은 하류지역에 비해 오염정도가 낮으며, 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 하류지역에서는 광물찌꺼기 적치장과의 거리가 멀어질수록 오염도가 낮아지는 경향을 보인다. 특히 광물찌꺼기 적치장 주변에서 고농도 오염이 집중적으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 특성으로 볼 때, 연구지역의 주 오염경로 중의 하나는 광물찌꺼기의 유실로 볼 수 있다. 광물찌꺼기 적치장 하류수계를 따라 As 오염이 확인되었으며, 이러한 현상은 현 하천보다는 구 하천에서 상대적으로 높게 나타나고 있다. 이는 광물찌꺼기 적치장에 대한 유실방지시설을 설치하기 전에 구 하천으로 다량의 광물찌꺼기가 유실되었음을 의미한다. 또한 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 하류수계 농경지에서 하천 범람 시에 영향을 상대적으로 더 받게 되는 하천변 50 m 이내의 농경지 오염도가 50 m 이상의 농경지에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이러한 특성으로 볼 때, 유실된 광물찌꺼기가 하천을 따라 이동하다가 범람에 의해 농경지로 유입되면서 오염이 발생하는 경로도 주 오염경로로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2012

본 연구는 햄 및 소시지류에서의 Clostridium perfringens에 대한 정량적 미생물 위해평가(Quantitative microbial risk assessment; QMRA)를 국제기준(Codex)의 원칙과 지침에 따라 수행하였으며, 오염수준에 대한 직접적인 분석결과와 현재의 국내 유통환경, 관련제품의 특성, 섭취량 및 소비행태 등을 반영한 노출평가용 "product-retail-consumption pathway" frame-work 모델을 구성하였고, 이를 바탕으로 엑셀(Excel)기반 노출평가용 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하여 제시하였다. 개발된 모델을 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 @RISK를 활용하여 위해(risk) 수준을 산출하였으며, 그 결과 국내에서 1일 1인이 햄 및 소시지류의 섭취를 통한 Cl. perfringens에 의한 식중독발생 확률은 평균적으로 $3.97{\times}10^{-11}{\pm}1.80{\times}10^{-9}$으로 추정하였다. 또한 본 연구에서 수행한 QMRA결과를 바탕으로 현재수준에서의 한계점과 미래에 더욱 발전된 국내 QMRA 연구 및 활용을 위한 제언을 추가하였다

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.762-770
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• 2018

Adiponectin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is very abundant in plasma, and its anti- and pro-inflammatory effects are reported. However, the mechanisms of these pro- and anti-inflammatory effects are not fully defined. Herein, we evaluated the dual inflammatory response mechanism of adiponectin in macrophages. Short-term globular adiponectin (gAd) treatment induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation, $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in RAW 264.7 cells. Polymyxin B pretreatment did not block gAd-induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation, and heated gAd was unable to degrade $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, suggesting that the effects of gAd were not due to endotoxin contamination. gAd activated IKK and Akt, and inhibition of either IKK or Akt by dominant-negative $IKK{\beta}$ ($DN-IKK{\beta}$) or DN-Akt overexpression blocked gAd-induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation, suggesting that short-term incubation with gAd mediates inflammatory responses by activating the $I{\kappa}B/NF-{\kappa}B$ and PI3K/Akt pathways. Contrastingly, long-term stimulation with gAd induced, upon subsequent stimulation, tolerance to gAd, lipopolysaccharide, and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide, which is associated with gAd-induced downregulation of IL-receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) due to IRAK-1 transcriptional repression. Conclusively, our findings demonstrate that the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to gAd in innate immune cells are time-dependent, and mediated by the activation of the $I{\kappa}B/NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway, and IRAK-1 downregulation, respectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

피폭상자 내에서 벼를 생육단계별로 80 분 간 $I_2$ 증기에 피폭시키고 작물체 직접오염 관련 인자를 조사하였다. $I_2$ 증기의 경엽부 침적속도$(m\;s^{-1})$는 피폭시기에 따라 $1.4{\times}10^{-5}-1.3{\times}10^{-4}$의 범위로 생육 전반기 피폭시 비교적 낮았다. 이삭 침적속도는 $2.5{\times}10^{-5}-6.7{\times}10^{-5}$의 범위였다. 전체 작물체에 대한 침적속도는 $1.4{\times}10^{-5}-1.8{\times}10^{-4}$의 범위로 8월 18일(출수 시작후 7일) 피폭시 가장 높았다. 침적속도를 생육밀도 기준으로 나타내면 시기에 따른 변이 정도가 대체로 감소하였다. 기온, 일광 및 습도에 대한 이렇다할 침적속도의 경향성은 관찰되지 않았다. 요오드의 현미 전류계수는 $3.3{\times}10^{-5}-4.7{\times}10^{-4}$의 범위로 8월 23일 피폭에서 가장 높았다. 출수전 경엽부에 침적한 요오드도 상당량 현미로 전류하는 것으로 나타났다.