• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.558-564
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• 2010

Cleaning up the landfill soil by phytoremediation in association with biomass production and utilization of biosolid as a soil amendment will be an attractive green technology. In order to examine this integrated green technology, in the current study of pot trial, heavy metal removal rate and biomass production were determined following cultivation of three different plant species in the landfill soil incorporated with biosolid at two different levels (25 ton $ha^{-1}$ and 50 ton $ha^{-1}$). Among the three plant species including Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), giant sunflower (Helianthus giganteus. L), and giant cane (Arundo donax. L), sunflower appeared to produce the largest biomass yield (19.2 ton $ha^{-1}$) and the produced amounts were magnificently increased with biosolid treatment compared to the control (no biosoild treatment). The increased production associated with biosolid treatment was common for other plant species and this was attributed to the biosolid originated nutrients as well as the improved soil physical properties due to the organic matter from biosolid. The elevated heavy metals in soil which was originated from the incorporated biosolid were Cu and Zn. Based on the phytoavailable amount of heavy metals from biosolid, the removed amount by plant shoots were 95% and 165% for Cu and Zn, respectively, when sunflower was grown. This indicated that mitigation of heavy metal accumulation in soils achieved by the removal of metal through sunflower cultivation enables the successive treatment of biosolid to soils. Moreover, sunflower showed heavy metal stabilization ability in the rhizosphere resulting in alleviation of metal release to ground water.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The veterinary antibiotics treated to livestock have a potential risk to reach to soil and water environment, and eventually be taken up by plants. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of zeolite and shell meal fertilizer amendment on antibiotic uptake by plant when veterinary antibiotics in chicken manure compost were applied to agricultural land. Model antibiotics used in the study were chlortetracycline (CTC), tylosin (TYL), and sulfamethazine (SMT). Chlortetracycline level in lettuce was decreased to less than $0.08ug\;kg^{-1}$ by application of zeolite as compared with about $0.26ug\;kg^{-1}$ for control without amendment on 33 days after transplanting. Tylosin was not detected for all the treatment. Sulfamethazine levels in lettuce ranged from 11 to $19{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$ on a fresh weight basis and gradually decreased with time. Zeolite application decreased the SMT levels in lettuce by greater extent than shell meal fertilizer amendments. Results from the 61-d greenhouse experiment imply that application of zeolite at a rate of $1.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ or shell meal fertilizer at a rate of $2.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ can reduce CTC and SMT concentration in lettuce cultivated in soil fertilized with antibiotic-contaminated chicken manure compost.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

The smear media possible to sampling and radiation detection was prepared and evaluated for the surface contamination using indirect method. The films were made by impregnating Cerium Activated Yttrium Silicate (CAYS) in a polysulfone membrane. The membranes used solution as a dimethylformamide (DMF) and methylene chloride (MC), polysulfone as a polymer matrix and CAYS as a inorganic scintillator. The proximity membranes were prepared with single- and double-layered structure. The solidified methods were immersion to the nonsolvent bath such at water and ethanol and solvent evaporation. The measurement of the photon produced by interaction with radiation and inorganic scintillator used a photomultiflier tube (PMT), amplifier, and counter. In the comparison with the low background alpha/beta counter, the counter rate using inorganic scintillator proximity membrane for the $\^$14/C surface contamination was about 50%. Also. the $^3$H counting results revealed that the prepared membranes were efficient to monitor the surface contaminated with the low energy be-ray emitter nuclides.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.90-96
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• 2007

Modern waste management units, so-called "landfills" protect human health and environment from hazardous leachate and gas. Accordingly, it must be constructed with a bottom liner system that includes a gas collection layer. Leachate is the contaminated liquid that drains from the waste material pollutes ground water. For this reason. bottom liner system must have durability and low hydraulic conductivity (in case of compacted clay liner, no more than $1{\times}10^{-7}cm/sec$ ). P county in Kangwon province constructed a solid waste landfill with bottom liner system. In this study. it is mainly introduced that the test results on construction and quality control of bottom liner system by "Multiple composite liner construction technology", which is selected for bottom liner system in P solid waste landfill.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.192-203
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• 2016

A field investigation was conducted on an aquifer contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) for application of in situ reactive zone treatment using nanosized zero-valent iron (NZVI). The aquifer was an unconfined aquifer with a mean hydraulic conductivity of $5.14{\times}10^{-4}cm/sec$, which would be favorable for NZVI injection. Seasonal monitoring of TCE concentration revealed a presence of non-aqueous phase liquid form of TCE near IW (injection well). The hydrochemical data characterized the site groundwater to be a $Ca-HCO_3$ type. The average value of Langelier Saturation Index of the groundwater was -1.33, which implied that the site was favorable for corrosion of NZVI. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration varied between 2.5~11.5 mg/L, which indicated that DO would greatly compete with TCE as an electron acceptor. The hydrogeological and hydrochemical characterization reveals that the time around November would be appropriate for NZVI injection when water level and temperature are relatively high and DO concentration is low.

• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.303-313
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• 2012

Cyanobacteria are well known for their production of a multitude of highly toxic and / or allelopathic compounds. Among the photosynthetic microorganisms, cyanobacteria, belonging to the genus Nostoc are regarded as good candidate for producing biologically active secondary metabolites which are highly toxic to humans and other animals. Since so many reports have been published on the poisoning of different animals from drinking water contaminated with cyanobacteria toxins, it might be assumed that bioactive compounds are found only in aquatic species causes toxicity. However, the discovery of several dead dogs, mice, ducks, and fish around paddy fields, prompted us to study the toxic compounds in a strain of Nostoc which is most abundant in the paddy fields of Iran, using polymerase chain reaction and liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and mass spectrophotometer. Results of molecular analysis demonstrated that the ASN_M strain contains the nosF gene. Also, the result of ion chromatograms and $MS^2$ fragmentation patterns showed that while there were three different peptidic compound classes (anabaenopeptin, cryptophycin, and nostocyclopeptides), there were no signs of the presence of anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, hassallidin or microcystins. Moreover, a remarkable antifungal activity was identified in the methanolic extracts. Based on the results, this study suggests that three diverse groups of potentially bioactive compounds might account for the death of these animals. This case is the first documented incident of toxicity from aquatic cyanobacteria related intoxication in dogs, mice, and aquatic organisms in Iran.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.3 s.31
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• pp.207-222
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• 1989

New process for the preparation of the artificially soild cloth (ASC) used for detergency evaluation was developed and its detergency was also studied. ASC was prepared by the dipping of cotton cloth in the water in which oily soil, protein (gelatine), carbon black and clay had been dispersed. The clay used for this ASC was red yellowish soil around Mt. Kumjung and was a typical soil in Pusan area. Adhesive status of soil at prepared ASc was examined by an electron microscope, and crystallyzation and color change of used clay were evaluated with the determination of X-ray diffraction and surface reflectance. For the evaluation of detergency by the washing with commercial and model detergents, the behavior of soil removal from this ASC comparing with naturally soiled collar cloth was examined. Those results are summerized as followings; 1) Adhesive ststus of soil at prepared ASc was very similar to that of naturally soiled collar cloth. 2) A crystalline of clay calcined at $800^{\circ}C$ was disappeared in part and color of calcined clay changed into reddish yellow by the decomposition of organic matters. 3) More uniform ASc was prepared with clay calcined at $800^{\circ}C\;that\;200^{\circ}C$ however its detergency prepared from clay calcined at $800^{\circ}C$ was poor 4) A significant relationship between the content of inorganic matter in ASc and K/S value was found, however no significant result between the content of protein contaminated and K/S value was observed. 5) Detergency of prepared ASc had a very similar to that of naturally soiled collar cloh.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2013

Nuclear fuel can be damaged under unexpected circumstances in a nuclear reactor. Fuel rod failure can be occurred due to debris fretting or excessive hydriding or PCI (Pellet-to-clad Interaction) etc. It is important to identify the causes of such failed fuel rods for the safe operation of nuclear power plants. If a fuel rod failure occurs during the operation of a nuclear power plant, the coolant water is contaminated by leaked fission products, and in some case the power level of the plant may be lowered or the operation stopped. In addition, all spent fuels must be transferred to a dry storage. But failed fuel can not be transferred to a dry storage. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a system which is capable of inspecting whether the spent fuel in the storage pool is failed or not. The sipping technology is to analyze the leakage of fission products in state of gas and liquid. The failed fuel inspection system with gamma analyzer has successfully demonstrated that the system is enough to find the failed fuel at Wolsong plant.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.449-460
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• 2012

Since 1970's, the rivers in industrial cities and metropolitan cities in Korea have been severely contaminated and the riverfronts have been to garbage yard, warehouses and sanitary facilities that produce low efficiency in urban land-use. As a result, riverfront in most cities became lost space and artificial area which composed of asphalt road, concrete riverbank and parking lot. However, Sustainable management is the main concept of riverfront development in 21st century. Also, in contemporary riverfront space, it is the pivotal paradigm that the development of eco-space and mixture of cultural space. Citizen require greener, more ecological and water-friendly space in riverfront of city. So, the purpose of this paper lies in suggestion for building sustainable development and management for riverfront in Korean city. For this purpose, this paper has reviewed the developmental trend of recent riverfront, has analyzed locational environment and land use of riverfront in city, has set policy and the strategy for sustainable riverfront.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.716-723
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• 2006

A biosurfactant-producing bacterial strain was selected from oil-contaminated soil because of its ability to degrade crude oil and tributyrin $(C_{4:0})$. The strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis A8-8 based on its morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. When B. subtilis A8-8 was grown with crude oil as the sole carbon source, the biosurfactant from the strain emulsified crude oil, vegetable oil, and hydrocarbons. Soybean oil was the optimum substrate for the emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of the biosurfactant, both of which were superior to those of several commercially available surfactants. The biosurfactant was purified by a procedure including HCl precipitation, methanol treatment, and silica-gel chromatography. The partially purified biosurfactant was analyzed by TLC (thin-layer chromatography), SDS-PAGE, and HPLC and it reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 26 mN/m at a concentration of 30 mg/l. Therefore, the purified lipopeptide biosurfactant has strong properties as an emulsifying agent and acts as an emulsion-stabilizing agent.