• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.759-766
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• 2003

The amount of container freight continuously has been increased. and the low efficiency of container crane causes jamming frequently in transportation and cargo handling at port. The conventional control techniques based on a mathematical model are not well suited for dealing with ill-defined and uncertain systems. Recently. Fuzzy control has been successfully applied to a wide variety of practical problems as robots. automatic train operation system. etc. In this paper. a fuzzy controller for container crane is proposed to accomplish a design of improved control system for minimizing the swing motion at destination. In this scheme a mathematical model for the system is obtained in state space form. Finally. to exhibit the tracking performance and robustness of the proposed controller. computer simulations were carried out with various references, parameter variations and disturbances.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2012

In most container terminals, containers are piled up and stored in a yard in order to utilize the space efficiently. Hence, it requires unproductive container-handling operations to retrieve a container that is not placed on the top of a container stack. As a result, to streamline container-loading operations by which containers are transferred from a yard to a vessel, it is necessary to pre-marshal (i.e., shuffle in advance) containers in accordance with container-loading plan. We propose $A^*$ algorithm to find the optimal container-relocation sequence for the intra-bay container pre-marshalling problem. To work out the heuristic estimate for the proposed $A^*$ algorithm, we introduce the container rearrangement problem and obtain the lower bound of the length of the optimal relocation sequence. The performance of the algorithm is validated extensively by the numerical experiments on the problem instances that are given in the previous studies and generated randomly with various parameters.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.61-72
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• 1999

This paper presents an estimation method of container handling capacity and selection of resource allocation strategies of container terminals using the computer simulation models. Simulation models are developed to model container terminal consisting of 4 berths considering the berth allocation strategies, crane allocation strategies and the total number of container cranes using Arena simulation package. The proposed models do not consider the yard operations and gate operations. All the input parameters for the models are estimated on the basis of the existing container terminal operation data and the planning data for the automated container terminal planned by Korean government. Four berth allocation strategies and three crane allocation strategies are considered. The total number of container cranes considered ranges from 12 to 15. Non-terminating simulation techniques are utilized for the performance comparison among alternatives. The performance measures such as average ship turnaround time, average ship waiting time, average ship service time, the number of containers handled per year, and the number of ships processed per year are used. The result shows that the berth allocation strategy minimizing the sum of the number of ships waiting, the number of busy container cranes and number of ships handled performs better than any other berth allocation strategies. In addition, the crane allocation strategy allocating up to 5 container cranes per berth performs better than any other crane allocation strategies. Finally there are no significant performance differences among the alternatives consisting of different total number of container cranes allocated.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1998년도 추계학술대회논문집:21세기에 대비한 지능형 통합항만관리
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• pp.315-322
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• 1998

It is discussed how to route yard-side equipment during the loading operation in port container terminals. The number of containers to be picked up at each yard-bay, as well as the route of a yard-side equipment (for example, transfer crane or straddle carrier) in a yard, are determined. The objective of the problem is to minimize the total container handling time in the yard. An encoding method to represent nodes in the search space is introduced utilizing inherent properties of the optimal solution by which the search space is greatly reduced. A beam search algorithm is suggested. A numerical experiment is carried out to compared the performance of the beam search algorithm with those of other approaches.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2016

The sea-port in Northern Vietnam accounts for around one third of the total country's cargo throughput and for many decades has been playing an important role in the logistics system of the country. 11 container terminals currently operate in Northern Vietnam, concentrating in Haiphong city and Quang Ninh province. Despite the increasing demand, the competition among these container terminals has become increasingly more critical. In recent years, massive investments from both government and operators have been made to improve the capability of the local sea-port's logistics infrastructure. This critically needed comprehensive research evaluates the impact of the current logistics infrastructure condition on the competitiveness of terminals and quantitatively compares the competencies of these terminals. In order to meet such requirements, the paper first summarizes the indicators of the logistics infrastructures of the sea ports before developing and testing hypotheses to reveal the correlation between the given factors and the annual throughput of container terminals in the region. Factor analysis will then be applied to score the logistics infrastructure competency of each container terminal. A significant gap between logistics infrastructures among all container terminals was not observed and the competitiveness between container terminals is mostly driven by traditional activities including cargo handling and storage. According to the results, strategic thinking will be needed to contribute to related organizations for better decisions in investment, management, and operation.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.23-52
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• 2009

This study compares the cycle times of handling operations of yard cranes under different sequencing rules. An operation cycle was divided into several elementary movements and formulas for the expectation and the variance of each elementary movement were analytically derived. The expected waiting time of trucks was estimated based on the given arrival rate of trucks. The previous studies focused on developing a method to make an efficient schedule of operations for yard cranes. This paper introduces several sequencing rules, such as first-come-first-served, unidirectional travel, and Z pick travel rules. In addition, a formula for estimating the cycle times of yard cranes under each sequencing rule is derived, and the performance under the different sequencing rules are compared with each other.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 터미널의 운영전략과 하역시스템의 다양한 속성들이 반영이 된 터미널의 하역생산성 추정모델을 제시하였다. 터미널 설계 시 고려되는 하역시스템 특성 및 장치장의 레이아웃을 고려한 다양한 요소들을 반영하여 실험하였으며 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 하역 생산성 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 회귀분석을 통하여 모델의 유의성을 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2020

The article presents a systematic approach to design of marine navigation channels parameters resulting from manoeuvring and operational safety. Relations between the parameters of waterway system elements and the conditions of safe ship operation have been determined and the objective function of waterway parameters' optimization problems has been minimized with respect to variables of construction and operation costs. These costs have been functionally associated to variables of channel width at the bottom and fairway depth. The method of fairway's width computation at specified safe depth at the preliminary and detailed stages of waterway design has been proposed. The results of this method application have been illustrated with two examples: 1. The modernization of Szczecin-Swinoujscie fairway aimed at accepting vessels of 60,000 DWT capacity. 2. Construction of an approach channel leading to a newly built container terminal in Swinoujscie harbour (Poland), handling ocean-going container ships of 20,000 TEU capacity.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

최근 각국에서 대형항만 건설이 가속화되는 추세에서 화물수송의 국제적 우위를 점하기 위한 경쟁이 날로 치열해지고 있다. 따라서, 물류유통의 측면에서 항만기능이 재조명되고 있으며 화물의 하역, 처리 및 수송과정을 포함하는 일련의 항만기능의 생산성 제고를 위한 노력들이 경주되고 있다. 항만을 통한 물류유통의 효율 및 생산성은 항만시설과 운영체계의 효율적 결합을 통하여 가능하다. 과거에는 항만건설이 주로 공학적 측면에서 수행되었으나 향후에는 건설 이후에 발생하는 물류유통의 효율을 보다 정확히 고러하여 종국적으로 항만의 생산성을 극대화하는 방향으로의 전환이 시도될 것으로 전망된다. 본 연구에서는 항만기술자들의 이해를 돕기 위하여 항만을 통한 화물처리과정의 생산성을 평가하기 위한 제반 지표를 소개하였다. 아울러, 부산항과 광양항 컨테이너터미널의 현장 데이터를 이용하여 각 지표들을 비교 평가하였으며 이들의 개선방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2018

세계 주요 컨테이너터미널들은 중심항만으로 성장하기 위해 치열한 경쟁 속에서 우위를 선점하기 위해 자동화 시설을 확충하는데 노력하고 있다. 최근 컨테이너터미널에서 자동화 시스템의 완전 통합을 위해 시스템 설계 및 개발이 진행되고 있다. 이는 컨테이너터미널의 야드 작업 효율성을 높이는 데 집중 할 수 있고 다른 컨테이너터미널 운영 프로세스와 통합이 쉬워지기 때문이다. 컨테이너터미널에서 자동화 시스템은 고객에게 더 나은 서비스를 제공하고 수익성을 향상시키는 데 필수적이다. 컨테이너터미널 가동을 보다 효율적으로 운영하고 결과적으로 생산성을 높이려면 Container Handling Equipment(CHE)의 실시간 위치와 상태확인이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 컨테이너터미널에 DGPS를 이용하여 컨테이너터미널 자동화 장비의 실시간 위치와 상태를 확인하고 자동화 시스템을 실제 개발, 적용, 운영하는 컨테이너터미널 야드 이송장비 자동화 시스템의 구성요소와 기능을 살펴본 후 실제로 적용하여 기존 야드 이송장비 시스템과 야드 이송장비 자동화 시스템을 비교 분석 및 적용방안에 대해 제시하였다. 또한, 컨테이너터미널의 핵심 장비인 이송장비의 효율적인 운영을 위해서 최적의 야드 이송 장비 자동화 시스템을 이용하게 되면 컨테이너터미널의 생산성 및 이송장비의 효율성을 좀 더 높일 수 있다는 걸을 알 수 있었다.