• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.447-458
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• 2020

This study assessed yearly trends of food and nutrient intake among high school students aged 16 to 18 years (n=2,377) using the 2007~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Yearly trends of food or nutrient intake were analyzed via logistic regression analysis. The results showed that consumption of sugars & sweets, and beverages & alcohols was increased rapidly during this period (p<0.0001). Intake of meat & meat products, and fish & shellfish also was increased (p=0.0008). Intake of grains and grain products was increased until year 2011 but declined after 2012 (p=0.0025). Consumption of vegetables, and milk & milk products was decreased (p=0.0395). Intake of protein, fat, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron was increased (p=0.0445). Carbohydrate energy ratio was decreased, whereas fat energy ratio was increased (p=0.0235). Most nutrient intakes satisfied the dietary reference intakes for Koreans except dietary fiber (19.6~26.2%), calcium (46.9~55.2%) and sodium (more than 221.4%) during this period. There was a significant positive correlation between most food group intakes and most nutrient intakes (p=0.0468). Therefore, it is crucial to increase dietary fiber and calcium intake and decrease consumption of sugars, fats and sodium through diverse eating of food groups to ensure balanced nutrition of subjects.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2014

Studies have shown that the thermal performance of buildings changes depending on the year of construction completion. It leads to increased energy consumption of buildings and significant financial burden on users. Thus, this study has calculated the thermal insulation performance of 86 apartments quantitatively, using temperature difference ratio and sensible heat flux. Also, energy consumption characteristics depending on the year of construction completion and thermal insulation performance were analyzed by comparatively analyzing the results of insulation performance evaluation and heating costs. The analysis results are as follows. As for thermal insulation performance, it was around 70% lower in the apartments completed before 1985, compared to apartments completed after 2010. As for heating costs, the apartments with the highest heating cost incurred 1.5 higher heating cost than the apartment with the lowest heating cost. In terms of the insulation performance evaluation, the difference was 2.5-fold.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.768-775
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze consumption patterns of health functional foods (HFF) according to climacteric symptoms. Subjects were 450 middle-aged women divided into four groups by Kupperman's index. This study collected all information by self-administrated questionnaires. Higher Kupperman's index was associated with higher Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL) (P<0.001) and current smoker ratio (P<0.01) as well as lower monthly income (P<0.05). Exactly 28.4% of subjects showed negative responses to effectiveness of HFF. The average number of HFF intake per person was 2.01. The main reason for consumption of HFF was treatment or prevention of disease (33.6%). The information source for buying HFF was family or relatives (40.0%). The main types of HFF were vitamins (28.2%), omega-3 fatty acid (18.6%) and red ginseng (17.3%). The intake ratio of individual approval type (Cynanchum extract and Angeli extract) was significantly higher in subjects with high Kupperman's index (P<0.001). In conclusion, these results can be used as basic data that reflect middle-aged women's needs for HFF intake according to climacteric symptoms.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 1996

These experiments were conducted in the laboratory conditions to determine the prey consumption of a predaciousphytoseiid mite, Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha, and its ability to regulate the population of tea redspider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida. The functional response curve of the adult A. womersleyi to thedensity of eggs, larvae, and nymphs of T. kanzawai indicated Holling's Type 11: the consumption of prey bythe adult A. womersleyi increased with the prey density but the consumption rate decreased. The critical initialratio to suppress the prey population by the predator seemed to be 32:l @rey:predator) at 25"C, and 16:l at20$^{\circ}$C on kidney bean plant. The predator could not regulate any initial ratio of the prey population at 15$^{\circ}$C.^{\circ}$C.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.483-491
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• 2021

Purpose: Obesity has become a very significant health problem in childhood. Fructose taken in an uncontrolled manner and consumed in excessive amounts is rapidly metabolized in the body and gets converted into fatty acids. This single center prospective case-control study aims to investigate the relationship between fructose consumption and obesity and the role of fructose consumption in development of atherosclerotic diseases. Methods: A total of 40 obese and 40 healthy children who were of similar ages (between 8 and 18 years) and sexes were included in the study. In the patient and control groups, the urine fructose levels, as well as the levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), small dense LDL, Apolipoprotein A and Apolipoprotein B values, which have been shown to play a role in development of atherosclerotic diseases, were measured. Results: The levels of oxidized LDL and small dense LDL and the ratio of Apolipoprotein A/Apolipoprotein B were found to be significantly higher in the patient group. Conclusion: We found that urinary fructose levels were higher in the obese children than the healthy children. Our results suggest that overconsumption of fructose in children triggers atherogenic diseases by increasing the levels of small dense LDL and oxidized LDL and the ratio of Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.414-426
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• 2021

In the task of data routing in Internet of Things enabled volatile underwater environments, providing better transmission and maximizing network communication performance are always challenging. Many network issues such as void holes and network isolation occur because of long routing distances between nodes. Void holes usually occur around the sink because nodes die early due to the high energy consumed to forward packets sent and received from other nodes. These void holes are a major challenge for I-UWSANs and cause high end-to-end delay, data packet loss, and energy consumption. They also affect the data delivery ratio. Hence, this paper presents an energy efficient watchman based flooding algorithm to address void holes. First, the proposed technique is formally verified by the Z-Eves toolbox to ensure its validity and correctness. Second, simulation is used to evaluate the energy consumption, packet loss, packet delivery ratio, and throughput of the network. The results are compared with well-known algorithms like energy-aware scalable reliable and void-hole mitigation routing and angle based flooding. The extensive results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the benchmark techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2019

This study is about online purchases of foods that have been reluctant to deal with distribution processes and reliability issues. We find out that attributes of the online food market affects behavior intention and whether it differs according to consumption tendency. A survey was conducted on consumers who had ever purchased food online for hypothesis testing. Reliability and feasibility were reviewed for the collected data and the hypothesis was verified through structural equation model analysis. While product diversity, product information and customer service factors of the online food market significantly affect behavior intention, price is not. We identified differences in the impact of behavior intention on consumption tendencies. For the Gaseongbi group, only the product information factors have significant effect on behavior, and for the Gasimbi group, the price and customer service factors have a significant effect on behavior intention. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications for marketers to study various marketing method based on consumer tendencies.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1121-1131
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• 1996

The nutritional status is America has been monitored by National Monitoring System since 1960's, mainly conducted by United States Department of Agriculture. The data from these programs were computerized and distributed to researchers. Researchers have manipulated and recalculated the data to produce meaningful results. Korean nutritional status has been investigated by National Nutrition Survey ever year, including food consumption, biochemical measurements and demographic variables. The Korean Nutritional Survey has not been organized and integrated as much as the nutritional survey in the United States and its results have been presented no more than as a report. Its raw data should be distributed to researchers and researchers could use the data to get more information. The purpose of this study is to compare the measurement of food consumption in Korean and America using Korean Nutrition Survey and Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals(CSFII), respectively, and to compare the consumption of fat and foods with a high fat content. The fat consumption in the Unite States has been decreased from more than 40% of total energy intake to 35%, while Koreas have consumed more fat according to the economic growth. However, the fat consumption in Korea was still much lower than that in the United States. Korean should pay attention to saturated fat consumption(animal fat), especially rich middle aged men, since they ate meat as much as much as men in the United States according to a recent study. In America availability of food with a low fat content(e.g. low-fat milk) and new recipes along with nutritional education has decreased fat consumption, especially animal fat, any more. Also, each consumption of polyunsaturated fat and saturated fat should be measured since the ratio of them are more important for preventing heart disease and some cancers.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2002

Objectives : To prevent stroke, it is very important to reduce risk factors which might cause stroke. However, previous studies that having investigated coffee consumption associated with stroke reported various results. In addition, there were only a few studies based on the Korean population. Therefore, we studied the association of coffee consumption and the possibility of getting stroke among Koreans. Methods : A case-control study was carried out on 207 cases(stroke patients) and 207 controls(non-stroke patients) in a hospital. Information on characteristics, health habits, dietary habits and coffee consumption were obtained through direct interview by using an organized questionnaire; WHR(Waist-Hip Ratio) was determined through physical examination. The coffee consumption was classified by the average frequency of intake, such as less than 1 cup/day, 2-3 cups/day, more than 5 cups/day). Possible confounding effects of age, sex, smoking and alcohol drinking were controlled by multiple logistically regressive analysis. Results : After adjusting age and sex, coffee consumption significantly increased risk factors of stroke(${\leq}$1 cup/day OR=1.018, 95% CI=0.631-1.644; 2-3 cup/day OR=1.782, 95%CI=1.032-3.079;${\geq}$5 cup/day OR=1.210, 95% CI=0.588-2.490). When other factors were controlled, the risk factors of stroke were associated with alcohol drinking, whereas no significant association was observed with coffee consumption. Conclusion : Coffee consumption is not a major risk factor of causing stroke in this study. Prospective and cohort study on the association between coffee consumption and the possibility of getting strokes among the Korean population will be needed in the future.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1982

As an attempt to reduce the consumption of petroleum resources and to improve the performance of a kerosene engine, a series of experiments was conducted using several kinds of ethanol-kerosene blends under the various compression ratios. The engine used in this study was a single-cylinder, four-cycle kerosene engine having a compression ratio of 4.5. To investigate the feasibility of ethanol-kerosene blends in the original engine, kerosene and blends of 5-percent, 10-percent, and 20-percent-ethanol, by volume, with kerosene were used. And to investigate the feasibility of improving the performance of the kerosene engine, a portion of the cylinder head was cut off to increase the compression ratio up to 5.0 by reducing the combustion chamber volume. Kerosene and blends of 30-percent and 40-percent-ethanol, by volume, with kerosene were used for the modified engine with an increased compression ratio. Variable speed tests at wide-open throttle were also conducted at five speed levels in the range of 1000 to 2200 rpm for each compression ratio and fuel type. Volumetric efficiency, engine torque, and brake specific fuel consumption were determined, and brake thermal efficiency based on the lower heating values of kerosene and ethanol was calculated. The results obtained in the study are summarized as follows: A. Test with the original engine: (1) No abnormal conditions were found when burning ethanol-kerosene blends in the original engine. (2) Volumetric efficiency increased with ethanol concentration in blends. When burning blends of 5-percent, 10-percent, and 20-percent ethanol, by volume, with kerosene, average volumetric efficiency increased 1.6 percent, 2.6 percent, and 4.1 percent respectively, than when burning kerosene. (3) Mean engine torque increased 5.2 percent for 5-percent-ethanol blend, 9.3 percent for 10-percent-ethanol blend, and 11.5 percent for 20-percent-ethanol blend than for kerosene. Increase in engine torque when using ethanol-kerosene blends was due to the improved combustion characteristics of ethanol as well as an increase in volumetric efficiency. (4) Up to ethanol concentration of 20 percent, mean brake specific fuel consumption was nearly constant inspite of the difference in heating value between ethanol and kerosene. (5) Brake thermal efficiency increased 0.3 percent for 5-percent-ethanol blend, 3.8 percent for 10-percent-ethanol blend, and 6.8 percent for 20-percent-ethanol blend than for kerosene. B. Test with the modified engine with an increased compression ratio: (1) When burning kerosene, mean volumetric efficiency, engine torque, and brake thermal efficiency were somewhat lower than for the original engine. (2) Engine torque increased 15.1 percent for 30-percent-ethanol blend and 18.4 percent for 40-percent-ethanol blend than for kerosene. (3) There was no significant difference in brake specific fuel consumption regardless of ethanol concentration in blends. (4) Brake thermal efficiency increased 15.0 percent for 30-percent-ethanol blend and 19. 5 percent for 40-percent-ethanol blend than for kerosene.