In the New space era, satellites are being developed to perform on-orbit service (OOS) missions. Various missions for orbital service include failure repair, refueling, towing, component replacement, and space construction, and in order to do so, a robot arm payload must be mounted. Unlike conventional satellite payloads, the robot arm payload is not move in a fixed state, but is a payload that must move continuously to perform the mission. It is also characterized by the need to perform the mission while being directly exposed to outer space, rather than existing inside the structure of the satellite. Due to the characteristics of these payloads, thermal design and interpretation that can be operated smoothly in an extreme space thermal environment is essential, but there are not many papers on thermal design and interpretation of the robot arm. This paper introduces and summarizes cases of thermal design and interpretation of robot arm payloads developed so far, and finally, it intends to suggest directions for thermal design and interpretation of robot arm payloads to be developed in the future.
The corrosion rate measurement procedure for the permanent ground anchors using polarization resistance measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is presented in this paper. The polarization resistance measurements were used to determine the correlation between corrosion rate in the steel and soil characteristics. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to predict the time dependent corrosion reaction and evaluate the different type of coating systems and the effect of cement grouting on the corrosion attack under various conditions. The results indicate that a low pH soil is a good indicator of a corrosive soil. The low pH soil condition (<5) in both clay and sand has a significant effect on the corrosion reaction of steel members in permanent found anchors. In the case of neutral and alkaline conditions beyond pH 6 in clay and sand, no consistent acceleration of corrosion was measured and the corrosion rate was constant regardless of variations of soil pH levels. Laboratory test data for porcelain clay indicate that the change of soil pH level has a small influence on the corrosion reaction in the steel member. The use of cement footing in the bonded length is sufficient to decrease the corrosion rate to a level close to 0.003∼0.01mm/y at the end of the given period. With epoxy and fusion bonded epoxy coating, the steel specimens remained unaffected and retained the original condition. It is suggested that epoxy and fusion bonded epoxy coating can provide effective protection against corrosion for a long time even in aggressive environment.
Following the recent US trade deficit, the trade war began between Korea and Japan in July. Korea's trade dependence is about 60% or more, indicating high export dependence and import dependence. The purpose of this study is to examine export amount, export volume, export price index, Treasury bond interest rate and analyze how index affects export amount. This study attempts to analyze the comovement and volatility with export amount. For this purpose, monthly data for each indicator were selected for a total of 234 months from January 2000 to June 2019. As a result of analysis, exports amount and exports volume showed very high comovement, exports amount and interest rates showed low comovement, but exports amount and exports prices showed very low comovement. In the future, Korea should continue to increase exports amount in view of its high dependence on trade, along with policies to expand the domestic market. To this end, strategy to increase exports volume should be presented. Korea should increase the logistics environment and competitiveness of each port and airport, improve domestic and overseas network construction and support services of logistics companies.
Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
/
v.15
no.1
/
pp.27-38
/
2021
Non-Contact society has arrived due to social distinctions by COVID 19 pandemic. The arrival of the era of non-contact is having a profound impact on educational activities as well as on our social and economic lives. In response to the pandemic situation universities and all other educational institutions have implemented non-contact online classes. In particular arts physical educations and other practical classes are experiencing many difficulties due to the limited environment caused by social distancing from COVID 19 pandemic. Vocal classes are undergoing a transition mainly from 1:1 individual face-to-face lessons or group teaching methods to the non-contact era of online teaching or lesson methods. It is necessary to look at the direction of non-face-to-face practical classes in preparation for accelerated educational innovation. Edu-tech, which innovates technology in the wake of the age of non-contact after COVID 19 pandemic is expected to begin in earnest at school sites in Korea which have remained in the traditional way of education. The purpose of this study is to effectively non-contact vocal instructional methods by cogitating the current state of higher practical education and vocal classes in Korea. In addition, This study conducted two components of satisfied instructions such as 'Priorlearning of monitoring of recorded singing', and 'Immediate analyzing of various vocal contents and supplementary lessons of music theory' with a research on the peos and cons of non-face-to-face vocal class. Over a period of time, The effective non-contact of vocal instructional methods is in need to supplement non-face-to-face vocal class problems and further research and system construction with non-face-to-face vocal class's pros and cons to construct high-quality lecture contents is warranted.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability to resist chloride ions penetration of the concrete structure under marine environment in south-east asia especially. In this study, high strength concrete(HSC) with various combination of ordinary portland cement(OPC), blast-furnace slag(SG) and silica fume(SF) are cured 23 and $35^{\circ}C$ considering the site weather, and are cured in water for 3, 7 or 56 days respectively. And to investigate the fundamental properties and the resistance of chloride penetration of various HSC, setting time, slump flow, compressive strength, void and ASTM C 1202 test were conducted. Test results show that the compressive strength of HSC is similar regardless of SG replacement ratio and total charge passed of chloride is the smallest at 40% replacement of SG. The compressive strength of G4FS HSC is, besides, outstandingly high at early age compare with other HSC, but the compressive strength of G4F HSC, which is vary according to curing temperature and condition, most high at the age after 7 days. Total passed charge of HSC get larger in the order G4FS
Understanding dialogue participant's emotion is important as well as decoding the explicit message in human communication. It is well known that non-verbal elements are more suitable for conveying speaker's emotions than verbal elements. Written texts, however, contain a variety of linguistic units that express emotions. This study aims at analyzing components for constructing an emotion ontology, that provides us with numerous applications in Human Language Technology. A majority of the previous work in text-based emotion processing focused on the classification of emotions, the construction of a dictionary describing emotion, and the retrieval of those lexica in texts through keyword spotting and/or syntactic parsing techniques. The retrieved or computed emotions based on that process did not show good results in terms of accuracy. Thus, more sophisticate components analysis is proposed and the linguistic factors are introduced in this study. (1) 5 linguistic types of emotion expressions are differentiated in terms of target (verbal/non-verbal) and the method (expressive/descriptive/iconic). The correlations among them as well as their correlation with the non-verbal expressive type are also determined. This characteristic is expected to guarantees more adaptability to our ontology in multi-modal environments. (2) As emotion-related components, this study proposes 24 emotion types, the 5-scale intensity (-2~+2), and the 3-scale polarity (positive/negative/neutral) which can describe a variety of emotions in more detail and in standardized way. (3) We introduce verbal expression-related components, such as 'experiencer', 'description target', 'description method' and 'linguistic features', which can classify and tag appropriately verbal expressions of emotions. (4) Adopting the linguistic tag sets proposed by ISO and TEI and providing the mapping table between our classification of emotions and Plutchik's, our ontology can be easily employed for multilingual processing.
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
/
v.27
no.9
/
pp.989-994
/
2005
The treatment efficiency and the degradation characteristics of humic acid were investigated in three processes-GAC adsorption, Ozone alone and Ozone/GAC hybrid process, in which $UV_{254}$, DOC, molecular size distribution and surface change of GAC were evaluated. DOC removal rate in Ozone/GAC hybrid profess(ca. 80%) was higher than the arithmetic sum of Ozone alone(38%) and GAC adsorption(19%). This result approves that the combined Ozone/GAC hybrid process brings synergistic effects on DOC removal from the HA containing water. $UV_{254}$ decrease rate was also at the highest in Ozone/GAC hybrid process from the three processes. It may be interpreted that the granular activated carbon in Ozone/GAC hybrid process acts as not only an adsorbent but also a catalyst for ozonation, and futhermore offers an additional reaction site between adsorbed organic matter and ozone. In the study of molecular sire distribution, there was no significant change of molecular size distribution in the GAC adsorption process during the reaction time of 120 min. In Ozone alone process, the fraction of molecular size over 30 kDa was decreased a little at the beginning and left constant after 10 min. But in Ozone/GAC hybrid process, the molecules size over 30 kDa of HA was significantly decreased from 36.3% to 3.9%. And also the fraction of smaller molecular size below 0.5 kDa was increased from 4.8%(untreated HA) to 12.3%(in Ozone alone) and 40.1%(in Ozone/GAC) respectively at the reaction time of 120 min.
Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
/
v.26
no.2
/
pp.81-95
/
2014
In the present study, the statistical analysis on the storm waves in the East Sea have been carried out, and the several storm waves were reproduced by the modified WAM as a first step for the accurate and prompt forecasting and warning against the swell waves in East Sea. According to the present study, the occurrences of the storm waves from the North were the most probable, while the waves from the Northeast were most frequently observed. It was found that the significant wave heights of storm waves from the North and Northern northeast were larger than those of storm waves from the Northeast. But due to long fetch distance, the significant wave periods of storm waves from the Northesast were longer than those of North and Northern northeast. In addition to the wave analysis, the numerical experiments for the storm waves in East Sea were carried out using the modified WAM, and three periods of storm waves in 2013 were calculated. The numerical results were well agreed with wave measurements. However the numerical simulation results in shallow water region showed lower accuracies compared to deep water, which might be due to lower resolution of wind field and bottom topography caused by large grid size, 5 minute, adopted in the present study. Overall computational efficiency of the modified WAM found to be excellent compared to original WAM. It is because the modified WAM adopted the implicit scheme, thereby the present model performed 10 time faster than original WAM in computation time.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
/
v.25
no.5
/
pp.3-12
/
2018
The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of appropriateness of using design quality indicators for the educational building, and complements for design quality indicators. For doing this, each items of the Korean educational building design indicator was validated by teachers, school staff and an education officer. First, School Personnel and Teachers considered indicators for the classroom designed for general subjects as being valid. However, in terms of indicators for the outside space, they thought of them as not being valid. In particular, it seemed that school staff would have a passive attitude toward the open of the school facility for the local society. It is judged that there happens an adverse effect caused by the open of the school facility for the local society in the educational environment of the school. Second, Education Office Supervisors thought that eco-friendly indicators, LED lighting, an outer wall, and widows and doors had a high validity. On the contrary, he viewed the validity of a rainwater retention basin as being low, which was likely because he rarely had expertise on the construction. When it comes to the indicator of technology capability, ultrahigh-speed information network was seen as being valid, and the indicator of economic feasibility had high validity on maintenance and durability. Third, compared to groups of Teachers and School Personnel, the group of education officers presented high validity of indicators. Validity of indicators might be differently showed because different items on indicators were measured. However, it is speculated that Education Office Supervisors mostly acknowledged the validity of indicators. Fourth, a majority of Teachers, School staff, and Education Office Supervisors were favor of the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities since it played a guide role in improving the quality of school. In order to settle the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities, it is most important that institutions in the local society which are publicly reliable should participate in the phase of designing the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities. In sum, overall respondents agreed with the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities but were aware that reliable organizations in public would need to take part in planning the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities from the beginning.
LID technologies are capable of mitigating the negative impacts of non-point source (NPS) pollution generated in different land uses. Apart from the increase in point and non-point pollutant generation, highly developed and paved areas generally affect microclimate conditions. This study evaluated both the efficiency of Low Impact Development (LID) facilities in treating NPS pollutant loads as well as the unit pollutant loads (UPL) generated in various urban features (such as parking lots and highways). This investigation also looked at how LID technology helped to alleviate Urban Heat Island (UHI) conditions. As compared to the typical unit pollutant loads in South Korea, the unit pollutant loads at Kongju National University were relatively low, because of no classes, limited vehicular transmission, and low anthropogenic activities during vacation. After receiving treatment from the LID facilities, the effluent pollutant loads were significantly decreased. The sedimentation in filtration mechanisms considerably reduced the pollutant fractions in the influent. Additionally, it was shown that LID facilities' mean surface temperatures are up to 7.2℃ lower than the nearby paved environment, demonstrating the LID systems reducing the UHI impact on an urban area.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.