• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.135-151
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• 2012

Traditionally in IS studies, the relationship between construct and its measurement items tends to be assumed to be reflective, meaning that the measurements are a reflection of the construct. In reality, however, the nature of the construct can be often formative, which means that its measurement items describe and define the construct rather than vice versa. The purpose of this study was to investigate theoretical and empirically-analysed differences between formative construct and reflective construct through comprehensive interdisciplinary literature review. And then on the basis of these differences, we intended to derive the rule of specifying whether the construct is formative or reflective and propose the methodology of testing the validity(content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and external construct) of formative construct and its measurements, differentiated from that in the case of reflective construct. Also, we suggested the concrete statistical testing methods such as VTT(Vanishing Tetrad Test), MIMIC(Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes) test and multi-collinearity test. In order to examine the applicability of this methodology to developing the constructs for performance evaluation of IS(Information Systems), we tried to identify its attribute(formative or reflective) and test the validity for the construct arbitrarily chosen among them which had been derived in our previous IS performance evaluation study by using this methodology. The result of the examination was that the methodology proposed in this study was significantly valid and effective in the area of IS performance evaluation.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

Entrepreneurship is considered as an important driver of economic growth, new firm creation, business rejuvenation& job creation. Over a period of time research within entrepreneurship literature has shifted from entrepreneur and his personality to his behavioral disposition. This has led to emergence of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) construct, which focuses on the process of entrepreneurship at firm level and it has emerged as the most widely researched area within entrepreneurship field. Though research in this field has been rigorous and exhaustive, still there have been concerns that researchers might have prematurely agreed on the composition, dimensionality, and nature of EO Construct. There has been considerable debate about whether EO Construct comprises three or five dimensions, about co-variance or independence of these dimensions and nature of construct whether formative or reflective. This article builds an argument about the multidimensional nature of EO construct comprising five dimensions, which vary independently and the fact that EO is better explained through formative construct rather than reflective one.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to describe the construct of bullwhip effect beyond supply chains, namely at industrial and societal levels. The author provides a conceptual discussion of the bullwhip effect - its derivation is extended, and the positioning of the construct is broadened. The bullwhip effect has been explored within intra-organisational and inter-organisational supply chains. A broader descriptive framework is introduced, one that positions the bullwhip effect construct at industrial and societal levels. A conceptual framework is provided that bridges the interface between the micro and macro environments of the bullwhip effect construct, but further conceptualization is required. The introduced derivation and positioning of the bullwhip effect construct reveal a number of research potentials. A principal one is that the exploration of the construct may consider the industrial and/or the societal environment when the bullwhip effect is studied in supply chains. The extended derivation and broadened positioning of the bullwhip effect in the overall environment is of interest to practitioners. It stresses the importance of contextual factors in operative, tactical and strategic supply chain performance. The principal contributions are: a) an interface between micro and macro levels in supply chain performance contributing to an extended derivation of the bullwhip effect; b) a typology of the bullwhip effect contributing to broadening the positioning of the same construct; c) the bullwhip effect being seen as two-way view construct at the micro level and d) a framework ofmanagerial implications. Most important of all is that the causes and effects of the bullwhip effect have been addressed in a wider context that so far has been underestimated in literature.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1168-1179
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to validate the BRQ(Brand Relationship Quality) Construct perceived by fashion product consumers. In order to establish and verify the BRQ scale, qualitative survey and quantitative survey were conducted together. 1592 copies of questionnaire were distributed to women in their 20s to 40s living in Seoul and other metropolitan areas from Dec. 26, 2005 to Jan. 8, 2006, and 723 copies of them were used for statistical data. Samplel(n=482)was used for empirical analysis, and sample2(n=241) was used for cross validity test. The data was analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Pearson's Correlation Analysis. BRQ emerged from exploratory factor analysis as the hierarchical construct composed of six facets including 'self-connective attachment', 'symbol/mystery', 'trust', 'nostalgia', 'intimacy', and 'knowledge'. As the fit of this structural model was not good as a result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it was revised to have better fitting. Finally, empirical survey results indicate the hierarchical construct consisting of eight distinct BRQ facets including 'love/commitment', 'self-connection', 'symbol', 'mystery', 'trust', 'nostalgia', 'intimacy', and 'knowledge' as best representing the final 39item BRQ Scale. Reliability, construct validity, and cross validity of the construct were verified.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2013

Objective : The offset connector can allow medial and lateral variability and facilitate intralaminar screw incorporation into the construct. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of C7 intralaminar screw constructs with and without offset connector using a three dimensional finite element model of a C6-7 cervical spine segment. Methods : Finite element models representing C7 intralaminar screw constructs with and without the offset connector were developed. Range of motion (ROM) and maximum von Mises stresses in the vertebra for the two techniques were compared under pure moments in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. Results : ROM for intralaminar screw construct with offset connector was less than the construct without the offset connector in the three principal directions. The maximum von Misses stress was observed in the C7 vertebra around the pedicle in both constructs. Maximum von Mises stress in the construct without offset connector was found to be 12-30% higher than the corresponding stresses in the construct with offset connector in the three principal directions. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the intralaminar screw fixation with offset connector is better than the construct without offset connector in terms of biomechanical stability. Construct with the offset connector reduces the ROM of C6-7 segment more significantly compared to the construct without the offset connector and causes lower stresses around the C7 pedicle-vertebral body complex.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.144-145
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• 2005

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide researchers with a simplified approach to undertaking exploratory factor analysis for the assessment of construct validity. Methods: All articles published in 2010, 2011, and 2012 in Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing were reviewed and other relevant books and articles were chosen for the review. Results: In this paper, the following were discussed: preliminary analysis process of exploratory factor analysis to examine the sample size, distribution of measured variables, correlation coefficient, and results of KMO measure and Bartlett's test of sphericity. In addition, other areas to be considered in using factor analysis are discussed, including determination of the number of factors, the choice of rotation method or extraction method of the factor structure, and the interpretation of the factor loadings and explained variance. Conclusion: Content validity is the degree to which elements of an assessment instrument are relevant to and representative of the targeted construct for a particular assessment purpose. This measurement is difficult and challenging and takes a lot of time. Factor analysis is considered one of the strongest approaches to establishing construct validity and is the most commonly used method for establishing construct validity measured by an instrument.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2012

MMORPG 온라인게임은 천만명 이상의 게이머들이 즐기는 대표적인 놀이문화로 등장하였으며, 그 결과 온라인 게임산업도 매우 높은 부가가치를 창출하는 산업으로 각광을 받게 되었다. 그런 측면에서 게이머들의 게임콘텐츠에 대한 애착감, 콘텐츠 및 사회적 상호작용 관련 요인 간의 관계를 알아보는 것은 학술적인 측면뿐만 아니라 산업적인 시사점도 상당하다. 본 연구에서는 스토리텔링, 게임방식, 콘텐츠 다양성, 게이머의 일체감 등을 콘텐츠 관련 요인으로 설정하고, 정보공유, 임파워먼트 및 구전효과를 사회적 요인으로 도입하여 게이머의 애착감과의 상호관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 온라인 설문조사를 실시하고 연구모형의 타당성과 주요 요인 간 인과관계를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 콘텐츠요인은 애착감에 영향을 미치지만 사회적 요인은 직접적 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 사회적 요인은 콘텐츠 요인을 통해 애착감에 간접적인 영향은 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2015

Construct2는 영국 게임 엔진 제작 회사 Scirra에서 개발한 Html5을 기반으로 한 2D 게임 엔진이다. 전 세계적으로 사용하는 Construct2 게임 엔진은 2D 게임 엔진에서 가장 뛰어난 기술력과 인지도가 높은 엔진으로 성장했다. 이러한 엔진을 바탕으로 제작 된 '콩빈&도미노'는 물리기술을 활용한 도미노 방식의 캐쥬얼 게임으로 애플 앱스토어 및 구글 플레이 스토어에 출시하여 상용화 된 모바일 게임이다. '콩빈&도미노'의 제작 과정의 사례와 함께 게임 엔진 품질 평가를 진행하여 더 좋은 콘텐츠 생산에 기여할 수 있는 게임 엔진 활용 연구를 진행하였으며, 향후 본 연구를 통해 다양한 게임 콘텐츠 제작에 더 용이할 수 있는 게임 개발 프로세스를 지원하여 게임 산업 발전에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.101-122
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• 2004

본 연구는 소매업체 이미지와 유통업자 상표 태도에 대하여 두 가지 대안적 모형의 적합성을 실증적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 하나는 후광 효과 모형으로 소매업체 이미지가 유통업자 상표 태도에 후광 효과를 가진다는 모형이며, 또 다른 하나는 함의 개념 모형으로 유통업자 상표 속성에 대한 평가가 소매업체 이미지에 함축되어 유통업 상표 태도에 영향을 준다는 모형이다. 실증결과는, 두 가지 모형 중 적합한 모형의 결정에는 유통업자 상표에 대한 친숙성과 상품 유형의 조절효과가 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 즉, 친숙성이 높은 경우에는 함의 개념 모형, 친숙성이 낮은 경우에는 후광 효과 모형의 설명력이 높았으며, 유통업자 상표 식품의 경우 함의 개념 모형, 유통업자 의류의 경우 후광 효과 모형의 설명력이 높은 것으로 확인되었다.