• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

Objects : This study propose to compare on general characteristics of acute stroke patients between Fire-Heat group and Deficiency of Yin group. Method : We recruited acute stroke patient within 4 weeks after stroke admitted to Department of Internal Medicine of Kyunghee University Oriental Medicial Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Medical Center, Kyungwon University Songpa Oriental Medical Centar and Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Center from April 2007 to August 2009. We investigate age, sex, type of stroke, past history, general characteristics, smoking, drinking alcohol, marriage sasang constitution, etc. Result : It was significant different in sex, smoking, dringking alcohol and marriage between Fire-Heat group and Deficiency Yin group. We need more cases for another result that could associate with diagnosis of stroke. Conclusion : We found that Fire heat group was more associated with lifestyle than deficiency yin group. Further study will be needed to analysis for the diagnosis and the treatments of stroke.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study lies on the objectification of the Sasang Constitutional diagnosis. This study was analyzing the constitutional characteristic of adult men voices by PSSC-2004. 2. Methods The study was conducted on the subjects inputted /a/ 2.5-3 sec of 231 adult men voices to PSSC-2004. The statistical analyses are applied to three groups: total group, under 55 year-old group, over 55 year-old group. The group of total 231 was composed with 5 Taeyangins, 32 Soyangins, 102 Taeumins and 92 Soeumins. The under 55 years old group was composed with 4 Taeyangins, 23 Soyangins, 83 Taeumins and 77 Soeumins. The over 55 year-old group was composed with 1 Taeyangin, 9 Soyangins, 19 Taeumins and 15 Soeumins. 3. Results 1) In total group, the Soeumin's mean value of center pitch(4)$(1,000{\sim}2,000Hz)$ was significantly high compared with the others (P=0.034). 2) In total group, the Soeumin's group 3 APQ was significantly low compared with the others (P=0.042). 3) In under 55 year-old group, the Soeumin's center value of center pitch 4$(1,000{\sim}2,000Hz)$ was significantly high compared with the others (P=0.025) 4) In over 55 year-old group, no statistical significance was found between the Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin and Soeumin. 4. Conclusions In under 55 year-old group, Soeumin's voice showed high pitched sound (clearness) at the low frequency (1000-2000Hz). In over 55 year-old group, there is no significant differences. This fits in with that 'Soeumin's voice is 'Yu-tone' born by 'Shang-tone', very short and high.' 'Yu-tone' corresponds to 'Ra' and witch is highest among Gong, Shang, Gao, Chi and Yu. This is related with the appearance that the Soeumin's voice is weak, thin and high tone. Therefore it is supposed that Soeumin adult men's voices are thick, and there are vibrations of the ending. It is accepted one of the Soeumin's characters like as a mild tremor of limbs and deep breath caused by Soeumin's Qi-deficiency. This outcome accords with the theory that Soeumin's Qi is less than the Other constitutions.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.33-45
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• 2020

Object Although Taeeum and Soyang constitutional types have bigger body shapes and higher body mass index values than those with the Soeum, the relationship between the Sasang constitutional type and bone mass density is controversial and the association of osteopenia and osteoporosis remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between bone mineral density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis according to Sasang constitutional type. Methods A total of 2,508 participants were included in this study. Among the study participants, 1,396 had Taeeum type, 276 had Soeum type, and 836 had Soyang type, respectively. The relationships to bone mass density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in those with Sasang constitutional type were estimated using logistic and linear regression models. Results Bone mass density was significantly higher in the order of Taeeum, Soyang, and Soeum group (p < 0.01). Soeum group in comparison with Taeeum or Soyang group was significantly associated with a high odds ratio for osteopenia and osteoporosis except in the hip and femoral neck in the comparison of Taeeum and Soeum group (p < 0.01). Moreover, the bone mass density of Soeum group decreased more rapidly as the age increased when compared with Taeeum and Soyang group. Conclusions Our findings may contribute to the early prevention and management of high-risk individuals with poor bone mass density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis using Sasang constitution medicine.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.155-173
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• 2000

The diagnosis in Oriental medicine is done by inspection, auscultation and olfaction, interrogation, four diagnostics of pulse feeling and palpation, and various system of identification like identification according to Qi(vital energy), Xue and body fluids, identification according to fair principles, identification according to principles of Wei, Qi, Ying and Xue, identification according to Sanjiao(the triple heater), identification according to four type physical constitution. Sometimes, symptoms and diagnosis techniques according to symptoms is selectively applied for the diagnosis. Among them the pulse feeling and palpation diagnosis technique using the sense of finger and palm of the hand is divided into feeling of pulse and palpation and pressing maneuver. Pressing maneuver is a diagnosis technique pressing and rubbing the affected part in order to attain data of identification including inside and outside condition of the body with regard to the nature, condition and relative seriousness of disease. There are palpation of the skin, palpation the hand and foot, palpation the chest and the abdomen, palpation shu points in pressing maneuver. The diagnosis of the Back Shu points is a technique to examine the change of disease condition from pressure ache, spontaneous ache, tension, relaxation, solidification revealed through channels and collaterals. I investigates starting disease and an attack of disease of twelve pulse and pulse condition through the study relative to the substance and technique of pressing maneuver, and adjusts diagnosis techniques of a region for acupuncture and matters to be attended. The conclusions are as follows. 1. The Shu or stream points in which pathogenic factors go are important to medical treatment of dormant diseases like bowels disease, cold symptom complex and insufficiency symptom complex. 2. Disease classified by system is diagnosed by the condition of process part like pro-trusion, cave-in, tension, relaxation, pressure ache through palpating the Shu or stream points, that is pressing upward or downward left and right sides of the backbone process by hands. 3. In real clinic pressing maneuver of one's back side is very important to patient's diagnosis treatment. Thus, pressing maneuver of one's back side have to be done without omission. 4. Diagnosis must be accomplished through the perception about the diversity of diagnosis technique of bowels disease, the exact knowledge about pressing maneuver of one's back side for enlargement of treatment range and rising of treatment rate, and pressing maneuver of the Shu or the stream points.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was to assess characteristics in acute stroke patients according to Sasangconstitution (SC). Methods : We assessed the type of SC of acute stroke patients in $2^{nd}$ Department of Internal Medicine at KyungHee University Oriental Hospital from October 2005 to September 2006. Each subject's SC type was confirmed when the result of QSCC II+ was in accordance with the opinion of the Sasangconstitutional medicine specialist. We investigated general characteristics, stroke type, blood test results, alcohol drinking, smoking and dietary preferences according to SC. Results: 108 subjects were included in the final analysis. This study showed that out of the total patients, the proportion of So-yang to Tae-eum to So-eum was equal to 5.5 to 3.5 to 1. Especially, men were higher proportion So-yang while women recorded a more significant ratio of Tae-eum. Also, the BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and WC/HC ratio recorded significantly high results. The result indicated that even though the Tae-eum let on the highest numerical value in the aspect of their past history and the final diagnosis, no significant difference was revealed according to SC. The ratio of cerebral infarction to cerebral hemorrhage was 9 to 1. SVO, LAA, SUE are the 3 types of cerebral infarction classified by TOAST; SVO ranked the highest while SUE ranked the lowest in all constitutions. The blood test result displayed that averages of both TL and the T-chol were the highest in Tae-eum while that of hematocrit in So-yangand that of HDL-chol in So-eum. However, there was no significant difference. There were no significant differences classified by gender or by SC in the aspect of the alcohol drinking and smoking history. The majority of So-yang and Tae-eum demonstrated a preference for meat while So-eum and So-yang displayed high preferences for sea food. Conclusions : With respect to these results. we could observe the general disposition of various characteristic distributions according to SC of acute stroke patients. For further research in this field. it seems necessary to construct fundamental databases for the prevention and treatment of stroke by increasing the number of patients observed and by analyzing delicate characteristics of each constitution type.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2000

1. Background and Purpose The faces of human being change as they grow older. We could know the characters of the each ages, through the facial comparison between the 30's, 40's and the 50's, 60's. As a conclusion, I carried out this Study because I thought that the errors of diagnosis would be reduced a lot through the standardization researches about the morphology of faces. 2. Objectives The object of this study is selected from the patients who were already diagnosed Sasang Constitutions at the department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center. The number of the patients were 69 men in 30's and 40's, and 74 men in 50's and 60's. 3. Method I took the photographs of front view and lateral view of the objectives by digital camera and obtained the 200 measure through the facial measurement program. I compared the measure of 50's and 60's with 30's and 40's by independant t-test. 4. Results 28 measures are different 30's and 40's with 50's and 60's in Soyangin, 31 measures in Soeumin, 40 measures in Taeumin. 5. Conclusion (1) Soyangin showed wider interpupillary distance in 30's and 40's than 50's and 60's. They also showed the large brow and cheek and their lips were thick and prominent and their ophyrion were prominent and their noses were wide and large and they showed wide bigonial breadth in 30's and 40's than 50's and 60's. (2) Soeumin showed the position of ears were higher and the brows were longer and larger in 30's and 40's than 50's and 60's. The width of both eyebrow were wider in 50's and 60's than 30's and 40's. The lower 2/3 portion of the face was longer and the shape of head was longer in vertical in 50's and 60's than 30's and 40's. (3) Taeumin showed the wider brow in 30's and 40's than 50's and 60's. The width of each eyes was wider and the width of cheek and face was larger, too. The ophyrion was prominent and the mouth was bigger and the face showed longer in 50's and 60's than 30's and 40's. (4) The upper 1/3 portion of the face was large in 30's and 40's and the lower 2/3 portion of the face showed large and long in 50's and 60's regardless Constitution.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.23-36
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• 2007

Objective : To poll oriental medical doctors on their opinions about the necessity of standard medical charts and of detailed items in their development. Currently, oriental medical institutions use their own medical charts, but a standard medical chart is necessary for medical information sharing. Methods : Report by 912 of the 10,490 oriental medical doctors surveyed on their general aspects, actual conditions, and requirements. Results : The oriental medical doctors surveyed who worked in oriental medicine clinics, oriental medicine hospitals, and public health centers said medical examination programs should consist of chief complaints (said by 814 respondents or 89.25%), history (792 or 86.84%), ordinal symptoms (753 or 82.57%), diet (727 or 79.71%), emotions and overstrain (654 or 71.71%), side effects and allergies (622 or 68.20%), improvement of symptoms (605 or 66.34%), a questionnaire on particular diseases (558 or 61.18%), social aspects (523 or 57.35%), a physical examination (520 or 57.02%), a questionnaire on syndrome differentiation (514 or 56.36%), diagnosis using medical devices and laboratory tests (471 or 51.64%), and Sasang constitution (357 or 39.14%). Ninety-one percent of the respondents said they intended to use a standard chart, and 82.19% agreed to share patient information with medical institutions. Conclusions : Over 90 percent of the oriental medical doctors surveyed said they need a standard medical examination program. Oriental medical examination items that correspond with the opinions of the oriental medical doctors surveyed and of experts will thus be developed, and the draft chart will be distributed to oriental medical institutions with the developed medical forms and electronic medical chart.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.64-70
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• 2003

Background and Purpose : Allergic rhinitis is a well-known, relatively controllable chronic disease. Although a number of methods for treating allergic rhinitis have been tried, many patients have not been satisfied with their treatment. Therefore, this study tried to evaluate the effect of a cooperative system of Oriental and Western medicine and to develop a new diagnosis protocol for treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods : We measured improvement rate and acoustic rhinometry after the allergeninduction test and performed a filter paper test as a nonspecific hypersensitivity test with 60 patients who are allergic to house dust mite. Patients were divided into two groups, one treated with Western medicine only and one treated with both Western and Oriental herbal medicine. For the group with Western medicine only, antihistamine for one week and local steroid medicine for two weeks were prescribed. For the group with combined medicine, Oriental herbal medicine was prescribed according to the patient s constitution, along with Western medicine. After all treatments, the above tests were re-performed and the improvement rate was compared. Results and Conclusion : We observed better results in the group treated with both Western and Oriental herbal medicines, comparing improvement rate and the alteration of total nasal volume through acoustic rhinometry after the allergen induction test. In the filter paper test, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, we showed the additive effect of Oriental herbal medicine without any severe side effects compared with treatment with Western medicine only. In this study, we set only two patient groups, but further study is required to create various experimental groups and compare among them. We suggest that it might enhance understanding of the improved effect of Oriental herbal medicine in the therapy of allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.21-32
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• 2009

Objectives Identification of individuals predisposed to obesity is an important issue for prevention and control of the obesity. It was reported that a high prevalence of obesity appeared in Taeumin among Sasang constitutions, but Enneagram personality-types has not been used to classify the patterns of obesity. These two classification methods were employed in combination in the current study, and it was analyzed whether the morbidity pattern of obesity can be characterized in further detail. Methods The subjects were 125 University students(62 males and 63 females) who answered both questionnaires for Sasang constitutions and Enneagram personality types. The obesity of students was classified by the obesity index and BMI. Results Only Taeumin group of Sasang constitutions was overweight, and the male of the group was overweight or obese. Analysis of the obesity index and BMI according to the Enneagram personality types showed significant differences(p<.05) between the types in the female group. These values were highest at the type 3 and lowest at the type 4. The physical indices according to both the centers of Enneagram and Sasang constitutions showed that only Taeumin female group had significant differences(p<.05) in the obesity index and BMI. Taeumin male group was overweight or obese in all centers of Enneagram and Taeumin female group was overweight or obese only in heart-center. Conclusions Diagnosis of the present data suggest that the classification of obesity patterns using Enneagram personality types in addition to Sasang constitutions is very useful to prevent and control the obesity.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2009

The pediatrics has other diagnosis and treatment compared with an adult. It is therefore, the children have different pathogenesis, pathology from adult's. The special feature of the children is two. Firstly, children are the body of the pure Yang[純陽之體], which means the growth and development of them are very fast. Secondly, they have weak muscle, skeletal and digestive function. So we must consider health-preserving method in different physiology and pathology aspects of the children. The children have weak digestive functions, so they should be careful to avoid eating greasy food and overeating. They must eat the nourishing Eum[滋陰] food. The children should wear thin clothes as possible. If the children wear clothes so thick, it promote the Yang (陽), so the Eum(陰) is hurted. The children are to be lack of Eum[陰不足], so they need to grow and raise the Eum(陰) in this way which the lower body is cool. Sleep is important ways to generate Eum Essence[陰精]. So the children should take a bed as change of the season. Children's muscles and skeleton are growing so incomplete that they are hard to handle Wind-Cold pathogen[風寒邪]. Therefore, the children should be training vital Essence and Gi(氣) with appropriate exercise. We should be careful treatment the Hwayeoljeung(火熱證) with purgation[瀉下] - bitter in taste and cold in nature[苦寒藥], aromatic herb[芳香性藥物], sudorific herb[發汗藥] In addition, child has weak digestive function, so doctor should not use a lot of nourishment[滋補].