• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 2014

Objectives This study was performed to make a short-form of Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Patient(SSCQ-P). Methods In order to select important questions of SSCQ-P, we got advice from 10 professors of Oriental Medicine. As a result, we chose 37 questions. In addition, we selected 69 questions which had been used more than 12 times in SSCQ-P as the variable. We used some statistical methods to reduce questions. Finally, a total of 40 questions were selected. To find diagnostic accuracy rate of this short-form, discriminant analysis was performed. We used 1378 cases which was collect ed from February 2008 to June 2013 by online system(Sasang-medi data which has selected by web site, http://www.sasangmedi.or.kr), and 68 cases which was collected from November 2006 to September 2007 by the research "Construction of a biological information collection system for the Constitutional scientific diagnosis"(Korea Constitutional Multicenter Bank data, KCMB data) Results We made a short-form of SSCQ-P consisting of 40 questions. Diagnostic accuracy rate of short-form is 66.18% using Sasang-medi data, and 42.65% using KCMB data. Conclusions More cases are needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy rate of this short-form.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between Sasang constitution and dyslipidemia and the possibility that Sasang constitution can be a risk factor of dyslipidemia. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on chart review. Seventeen thousand sixty-nine charts which were collected from May 2007 to June 2010 in International Healthcare Service Center, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, were reviewed for the study. Fifteen thousand two hundred fifty charts including Sasang constitutional diagnosis and lipid profiling were selected and we examined the correlation between Sasang constitution and dyslipidemia. Results: After adjusted for body mass index, the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were highest in Taeeum group, and lowest in Soeum group. High-density lipoprotein was highest in Soeum group, and lowest in Taeeum group. After adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, the odds ratios for 'high triglyceride' were 1.716 (1.411~2.087) in Soyang group and 2.021 (1.650~2.475) in Taeeum group compared to Soeum group. The odds ratio for 'high low-density lipoprotein' was 1.229 (1.006~1.501) in Soyang group compared to Soeum group. The odds ratios for 'low high-density lipoprotein' were 1.195 (1.033~1.381) in Soyang group and 1.414 (1.212~1.649) in Taeeum group compared to Soeum group. Conclusions: The lipid profiles and dyslipidemic risk differed across constitutional types, showing constitution type-specific patterns, so that we could infer the possibility that Sasang constitutional types can be a risk factor of dyslipidemia.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.144-156
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• 2000

Purpose of this study is to help classifying Sasang Constitution through correlation with Larynx waveform. This study was done it under the suppose that Sasang Constitution would be correlation with Larynx waveform. The following result were obtained about correlation between Erectroglottograph waveform and Sasang Constitution by analysis EGG program. 1. Taeumin was lower than Soyangin in Open Std Deviation, Contact Std Deviation of male/a/(0.5sec) 2. Soeyangin was high compared with the others in Pitch range of maie/a/(2.5sec) 3. Taeumin was higher than Soeumin in Pitch range, Soeyangin in pitch Maximum, and the others in Pitch Std Deviation of female/e/(0.5sec) 4. Taeumin was higher than Soeumin in Contact Maximum and lower than Soeumin in Contact Maximum of female/a/(2.5sec) 5. There was no significantly difference in male/e/(0.5sec), male/e/(2.5sce), female/a/(0.5sec), female/e/(2.5sec) 6. The percent of correctly classified in Soeoumin and Taeumin was high in CART Algolism. The risk estimate of Soyangin was relatively high. The study may be use on of the method to make objective diagnosis in Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.351-429
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• 1998

The Purpose of Study 1. Inspection of clinical application on TCD to CVA 2. Objective Comparement and analysis about treatment effect of Western-Medicine, Korean Medicine, Cooperative consultation of Korean and Western medicice for CVA The Subject of Study We intended for the eighty six patient of CVA who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Dong Eui Medical Center from 1997. 8. I to 1998. 7. 31 1. View of CT, MRI : the patient of Cb infarction 2. Attack Time : The patient who coming hospital falling ill within the early one week The method of study 1. Treat four group of Korean medicine, Constitution medicine, Western medicine, cooperative consultation of Korean medicine and Western medicine. 2. Application of TCD Check the result for three times, immediatly after the attack, two months later, four months later 3. Comparative analysis of each treatment effect by clinical symptoms and pathologic examination 4. The Judgement of the patient The Result From 8/1/1997 to 7/31/1998, We have the following result by clinical analysis intended for CVA 86 patients who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Dong Eui Medical Center from 1997. 8. 1 to 1998. 7. 31 in 1. Analysis according to Age The first stage of thirties, forties, seventies is heavier than forties, fifties in improvement and Index of improvement of symptom 2. Analysis according to sex We have no special relation in an average of symptom and improvement, Index improvement 3. Analysis according to Family History We have the better result in first stage and improvement, index improvement when no family history. 4. Analysis according to Past History We have no special relation in past history like hypertension, DM, heart problem 5. Analysis devided two group, above group and under group on the basis of the average in first stage of all patient. We have the better result when the first stage is light, that the first score of barthel index and CNS is high. 6. Analysis of the effect of treatment about Korean medical treatment, Western medical treatment, cooperative treatment. In this study, the highest group of rate of treatment at four contrast groups (Korean medicine, Constitution medicine, Western medicine, cooperative treatment according to dyagnosis and range of treatment was the patient group of doing dyagnosis and method of treatment based on constitution medicine theory. This is that of doing demostation, A-Tx, po-herb-medication according to dyagnosis and treat method of constitution of Lee Je-ma In case of left, the case of dyagnosis any disease according to doctor view but, normal in TCDwas 22-beginning of attack, 20- two weeks later, 11 case-four weeks later in case of right, 15-beginning of attack, 12-two weeks later, 9 case four weeks later. So left vessel compares to right vessel is more interference, in fact more than a 1/2 of the patients of MCA disease can't do dyagnosis. In rate of imparement, the state of pacient improved but there isn't the improved case of result in TCD. 7. In TCD dyagnosis, between the case of inconsus the doctor view specially MCA in brain blood vessel is in large numbers and in total 86's patient, impossible case of dyagnosis according to interferiance of temporal is 21 case. 7. Result study about application of Kreaan medical treatment 1) The impossible patient of observation MCA blood vescular for interference temporal bone happened in large numbers. 2) There is the case having difference result to CT,MRI, MRA result. 3) Because individual difference is large, excluding to ananalogy of symptom. This is normal numerical value that has possibility of being checked as abnormal numerical value 4) there are a lot of cases that the speed of normal part is as similarly measured as that of abnormal part. It means that we cannot judge the disease by this measure 5) It is rare that this measure represent degree of improvement in patient's condition of disease. When we observe patient's condition become better, but we have no case that the result of TCD test better. 6) The result could be appear differently by the technique of the tester or by the experience of the tester 7) In the TCD test, abnormal symptoms is checked at 0 week, but at 2th week, normal symptoms is checked, again at 4th week abnormal is checked. According to the above result, CVA diagnosis is difficult only with TCD, as it appear in diagnosis error check which is suggested in the problem connected to project, for the aged persons who have the worst hardening of part of the cranium (1998. 5. 26 77 of 83 patients is 50s) there is a lot of cases that the measurement is impossible by TCD and the correction of measurement numerical value is decreased, as the age of cerebral infarction is high, TCD is inappropriate to diagnosis equipment through this study.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1108-1112
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• 2011

Voice can be widely used to classify the four constitution types and to recognize one's health condition from extracting meaningful features as physical quantity in traditional Korean medicine or Western medicine. In this paper, we proposed the method to update the standard operating procedure (SOP) to acquire and record voices for extracting stable vocal features since they are sensitive to the variation of a subject's utterance. At first, we obtained pitch frequencies from vowels and the sentence and intensity form the sentence as features with voices acquired under subjects' utterance conditions and then the deviation ratios of features from median values according to the utterance conditions were obtained and the condition to minimize the ratio was selected as a new SOP. As a result, we decided the SOP for a subject to utter vowels with the length of 2s~1s and sentences with over 2s interval between them after practice, in consideration of the deviation and qualitative requirements. Stable voice features obtained from updated SOP produce accurate diagnosis, which will be developed and simplified for using in the u-Healthcare system of personalized medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2010

Lee Jae Won is a scholar who wrote the most in Euirim, a representative Oriental Medical magazine after the liberation of Korea, on the Sa-am Acupuncture Method. In order to understand the principles of this method, he proposed rather distinctive theories called the Comparative Pulse Diagnosis and the Five Constitutions. Lee Jae Won distinguished the deficiency and exuberance of the Five Phases through the Comparative Pulse Diagnosis, and set harmonizing the Five Phases by tonifying the deficient and purging the exuberant as the object of the Sa-am Acupuncture Method. He took pulses from both the patient's hands and distinguished the deficiency and exuberance of the five viscera. Then, he balanced the Five Phases by tonifying the weakest viscus and purging the strongest viscus. Lee Jae Won argued that because the Five Constitutions are something that one has innately, people suffer from differnet diseases according to their constitutions. Therefore, he argued, when treating a patient, one should first decide the constitution of the patient and then treat the patient according to his/her deficiency or exuberance. From the late 50's to early 60's, Lee Jae Won wrote Acupuncture and Moxibustion According to Yin-Yang and the Five Phases, explaining the principles of the Sa-am Acupuncture Method and its applications. Seen from this, Lee Jae Won is a person from whom we can confirm the historical lineage of the Sa-am Acupuncture Method after the liberation of Korea.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.799-805
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed to assess characteristics in acute stroke patients according to abdominal obesity. Method : 1,506 subjects were included from the patients admitted to the Internal Medical Department at Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Center, Kyunghee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon University Songpa Oriental Medical Center, Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Center, and D ongguk University Ilsan Oriental Medical Center from April 2007 to August 2009. Results : 1. Considering the demographic variables of the patients, the gender, older age, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and multiple infarction were significantly higher in the abdominal obesity group than in the control group. 2. Sasang constitution and oriental medical diagnosis showed significant difference in the abdominal obesity group. By oriental medical diagnosis, the D amp ness-Phlegm group was significantly higher in abdominal obesity group than in the control group. According to this analysis, we observed the general disposition of various characteristic distributions according to abdominal obesity in acute stoke patients These results can be utilized in the future as a basis material.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 2014

Background: Pattern identification is a unique diagnostic method of traditional Oriental medicine that has recently been the target of questionnaire-based research. Sasang (four-types) constitutional medicine (SCM) is a practice in traditional Korean medicine that seeks to promote objectivity in diagnostics. This paper attempts to illuminate the relationship between constitutions and the pathogenic factors of pattern identification through questionnaires completed by menopausal women about their symptoms. Methods: From March to October 2012, we examined 291 women from the general population, with ages ranging from 40 to 60 years, applying the Kupperman index, the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), pattern identification based on the Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine (DSOM), and SCM. We then analyzed the relationship between constitutional type and pathogenic factors. Results: No significant differences were found in the scores of either the Kupperman index or MENQOL questionnaire in relation to constitutional type. However, in a statistical analysis correlating the DSOM pathogenic factor scores (PFS) with the scores of the Kupperman index and MENQOL vasomotor subscale, heat showed a significant positive correlation with SoYang type (SY) and TaeEum type (TE), but not SoEum type (SE), while insufficiency of yin and insufficiency of yang, as well as blood deficiency, showed a significant positive correlation with the TE and SE types. Conclusion: The pathogenic factors in the menopausal symptoms of middle-aged women, specifically the prominent menopausal symptom of facial flushing, differed significantly according to constitutional type.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.23-33
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• 2008

Objectives : The study was accomplished to find out how korean medical doctor take oriental medical service for hypertension patients in clinical practice Methods : Survey questions were developed based on consensus of 2 clinician, 2 oriental internal medicine specialist and 1 acupuncture specialist. The list of the Korean oriental medical doctors is provided by the Association of the Korean Oriental Medicine. The questionnaire were distributed via E-mail to 9,465 members of Korean oriental medical doctors from 19th August 2008 to 11th September 2008. One thousand sixty three(11.24% of 9,465) members completed answer and the computerized data were analyzed by SAS statistical program Results : Fifty-one percent of Korean oriental medical doctors has experienced hypertension treatment. The most common medical diagnosis method was pattern diagnosis(64.2%). Saam and five element acupuncture were as frequent as 32.3% of acupuncture prescription principle. The most common acupuncture points were region of shoulder and back acupoints inclued $GB_{21}$, $GV_{14}$(25%). The most common herbs prescription principle were 'constitution prescription'(35.4%), 'pattern prescription'(12.6%). The most common opinion for the revitalization of oriental medical service were 'medical insurance system of herbal medicine'(28.8%) and 'research of oriental medical treatments in hypertensive patients'(26.8%). Conclusions : This survey provides unique insight into the perception, treatment method of the Korea medical doctor at oriental medical service for hypertension patient. This study provides a wealth of information and a fresh raft of questions which will inform future research and policy-making.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2004

The Chungung-dong 5-storied pagoda (Treasure No. 12) in the nnm, Korea was studied on the basis of petrological weathering and deterioration diagnosis. Frontal part of the pagoda is looked out on the N30$^{\circ}$W. Constitution rocks of this pagoda show augen gneiss and biotite granite. Host rock of the pagoda was highly exfoliation and discoloration, therefore most rock-forming minerals were altered to the clay minerals due to the mineralogical and chemical weathering. Open cavity and rock surface occur partly green and black patchs because of contamination by algae, lichen and moss, and the lower part of the pagoda is transition to the some weeds. This biological problems are need for cleaning and chemical treatments. For the structural stability, the pagoda is rebuilt without open gap between the each rock materials. All iron plates eliminate from the difference gap of the rock materials, and properly conservation treatments need to be repaired petro-filler for stone cultural properties and water curtain for the humidity attenuation of the ground.