• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.17-25
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• 2004

During the past few years, advances have been made in both in X-ray tube and detector technologies. The field of microfocus radioscopy has been established as an important testing process and has expanded into many new industrial applications that require quality control or process optimization. The first nanofocus and multifocus X-ray systems have become available with a focal spot of .5 micron. In the existing range of microfocus X-ray tubes, further improvements have been achieved as well, such as increased long term stability of intensity position constancy. Software, image processing and manipulation techniques have all progressed as well, allowing X-ray to become a formidable non-destructive inspection method for manufacturers in virtually every industry, especially those involved with Electronic Packaging and SMT.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.321-332
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of sensory and visual perception of children with intellectual disabilities by conducting psychomotorik (psychomotor activity) in the forest and indoor treatment rooms. Accordingly, this study divided 18 children with intellectual disabilities living in the facility for persons with disabilities located in Seoul into three groups: the experimental group participating in psychomotorik in the forest, the comparative group participating in psychomotorik in the treatment room, and the control group without any treatment at all. The program was conducted for 32 weeks, 4 hours a month. The results showed that psychomotorik promoted the sensory and visual development of children with disabilities. Psychomotorik in the forest showed significant effects on touch and activity level, form constancy and eye-hand coordination. Psychomotorik in the treatment room showed significant improvement in figure-ground with reduced motion. This suggests that psychomotorik in the forest as well as indoors is a positive factor for sensory adaptation reaction and visual development of children with intellectual disabilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.379-391
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• 2009

This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation structure of Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok from May to September in 2008 using phytosociological analysis methodology of Z-M school under the purpose of furnishing basic materials for rational and scientific forest management. Total of one hundred five study sites (quadrats) was investigated in the area. Quercus mongolica community group was divided into 5 communities such as Pinus densiflora for. erecta community, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata community, Salix gracilistyla community, Pinus koraiensis community and Larix kaempferi community. Pinus densiflora for. erecta community was subdivided into Rhododendron micranthum group, Quercus variabilis group and Pinus densiflora for. erecta typical group. Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata community also into Ligularia fischeri group, Deutzia glabrata group (into Juglans mandshurica subgroup, Prunus maackii subgroup and Callicarpa japonica subgroup). Accordingly, the vegetation of the study areas could be described as 1 community group, 5 communities, 5 groups, and 3 subgroups and as 10 units in total. Classified vegetation units were highly correlated with altitude and topography. According the analysis of interspecific association, it was shown as three types which were coincident with differential species and character species on the constancy table.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.334-351
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• 1997

To study restoration model of evergreen broad-leaved forests in warm temperate region, vegetation structure was studied at Wando(Island) as a case study. Quercus acuta was a dominant species at evergreen broad-leaved forests in Wando(Island). Majority of evergreen broad-leaved forests was a thirty years old coppice forest. Reforested vegetation and deciduous broad-leaved forests was developed at a mid-slope districts and a piedmont. Deciduous broad-leaved forestsconsisted of Quercus serrata, Carpinus tschonoskii, Carpinus coreana, etc., was developed at a ridge and higher districts. Evergreen broad-leaved woody plants were growing at a forest floor of deciduous broad-leaved forests. The species over sixty percent of constanty ratio in forty seven plots were Ligustrum japonicum, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, Quercus acuta and Eury japonica. The vascular plants in the Wando(Island) was summarized as 488 taxa which composed as 101 families, 321 genus, 426 species, 56 varieties, 5 forms and 1 hyvrid. Evergreen broad-leaved woody stecies was 32 taxa which composed as 23 genus, 30 species and 2 varieties. The species such as Liliope platyphylla of Liliaceae and Pueraria thunbergii of Leguminosae, etc. was recorded as the highest values for their widely distribution in the areas. On the contrary, and forty taxa of plants such as Viburnum erosum of Caprifoliaceae, Traceholospermum asiaticum var. intermedium was recorded as over 50% of constancy ratio. Two hundred and nine taxa of plants such as Juglans manshurica of Juglandaceae, Cornus walteri of Cornaceae and Rodotypos scandens of Rosaceae, etc. was showed the specific trends due to long-term artificial disturbance. The forest of Pinus thunbergii showde the highest species diversities(155 species per 600m$^{2}$), while the Cinnamomum japonicum-Tracheolospermum asiaticum var. intermedium community showed the lowest species diversities(23 species per 600m$^{2}$).

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Breast shooting performance management and quality control of the generator is applied to the amount of current IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) 60601-2-45 tube voltage and tube current are based on standards that were proposed in the analysis of the test results were as follows. Tube voltage according to the value of the standard deviation by year of manufacture from 2001 to 2010 as a 42-3.15 showed the most significant, according to the year of manufacture by tube amperage value of the standard deviation to 6.38 in the pre-2000 showed the most significant, manufactured after 2011 the standard deviation of the devices, the PAE(Percent Average Error) was relatively low. This latest generation device was manufactured in the breast of the tube voltage and tube diagnosed shooting the correct amount of current to maintain the performance that can be seen. The results of this study as the basis for radiography diagnosed breast caused by using the device's performance and maintain quality control, so the current Food and Drug Administration "about the safety of diagnostic radiation generator rule" specified in the test cycle during three years of self-inspection radiation on a radiation generating device ensure safety and performance of the device using a coherent X-ray(constancy) by two ultimately able to keep the radiation dose to the public to reduce the expected effect is expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.13-35
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• 2017

This study was carried out to analyze vegetation structure and change of the disturbed area in forest ecosystem(FE), riparian ecosystem(RE) and coastal ecosystem(CE) related to Regional Ecological Network at Chungnam province through constancy and dominance analysis, species diversity index, similarity index and canonical correlation analysis. Data were collected from April to October in 2015. As a result of constancy and dominance analysis of forest disturbed area, non-effective species(NES) was 30 species(17.0%), exported species(ES) was 98 species(55.7%) and imported species(IS) was 48 species(27.3%) among the total 176 species, respectively. In riparian disturbed area with total 139 species, there were 16 NES(11.5%), 98 ES(70.5%) and 25 IS(18.0%) respectively. In coastal disturbed area with 140 species, there were 20 NES(14.3%), 88 ES(62.9%) and 32 IS(22.9%) respectively. In all types of disturbed areas, the ratio of ES was higher than IS. As a result of species diversity, species richness and shannon's diversity index of disturbed area decreased in all kinds of crown strata such as tree, subtree, shrub and herb layer compared to the control area. As a result of similarity index, that of each type between control site and disturbed site was 0.374 in FE, 0.329 in CE and 0.259 in RE in the order. As a result of the CCA analysis, the number of present species, vine plants ratio and exported species ratio in disturbed area of FE and RE were decreased, and the naturalized plant ratio, imported species ratio and herb ratio were increased. But environmental factors of CE were not shown any clear tendency. In conclusion, many species occupied in control site disappeared into the disturbed area, and the naturalized plants and herb species were abundantly imported in the area. Therefore, it was considered that this study could be applied to the development of long-term and short-term ecological restoration techniques in view of vegetation changes.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.3
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• pp.280-398
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• 1989

The most distintive features on the Thinking Structure of the Views of the Nature and the Theories of the Medicine of the ancient Chinese are a Comprehensions to the System of the Nature which reveals in the Natural Phenomena. Nothing doesn't changed in the Nature and man also. These Changes are inevitable to the man. So it isn't easy to grasp the Essence of the Natural Phenomena which always be changed. I-Ching (易經, Book of Changes), Chung-Yung (中庸) and many other books are that has a theories about the Changes, the ancients could recognized the unchangeable constancy from the ever changeable Natural Phenomena. The unchangeable constancy on the Oriental thinking means as same as an 'Idea' on the Western thinking. These process made them shape up the Views of the Nature and the Medical theories. And Chi (氣), Yin-Yang (陰陽) and Wu-Hsing (五行) are the most important concepts of their views and theories. In the concepts of Chi as an epistemological meaning; the Nature and the Han can be appreciated as a one System, because his being is within the Changes of the Nature and should be in accord with those Changes. He was going to believe that all beings are exist as an existential rules of himself. So Chi can be thougt as an epistemological system to all beings' existence. Thinking of Yin-Yang as a existential meaning; all beings are exist having a contrary and a complementary to each other. Birth and Death, Be ginning and Finishing in a series of the process occurs in all beings are the two sides of their existential and intrinsic tendencies. That can be condensed to the Yin-Yang concepts. In the consideration of Wu-Hsing;all beings are observed and explained more deliberatively by it's own rules. By the way the concepts of Chi, Yin-Yang and Wu-Hsing which derived from the processes of the recognition to the Changes of the Nature are practiced actually by the thoughts of Harmony. And it is represented by the accordance to the Time of the Natural Changes, that is, Shiling (時令). It means a adjustments to the Time and Changes of the Nature. The health of all beings that is an aim of the Medicine can be maintained by their practical thoughts or the concepts of Shiling.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to provide a fundamental data which can be applied to management conservation, and restoration of coastal sand dune vegetation by determining the classification and distribution of community, and ecological characteristics of the habitat. This research was performed by the Braun-Blanquet's method. The coastal sand dune vegetation of Uido (I.) was composed with 9 communities as follows : Vitex rotundifolia community, Zoysia macrostachya community, Carex kobomugi community, Iachaemum anthephoroides community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Carex pumila community, Calystegia soldanella community Messerschmidia sibirica community and Pinus thunbergii community, the evergreen needle-leaved forest. The constancy degree showed high in Calystegia soldanella (77%), Vitex rotundifolia (74%), Carex kobomugi (66%), Zoysia macrostachya (50%) and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (47%). However the highest constancy degree Calystegia soldanella has, it turned out to have low net contribution degree (NCD) in each community. In terms of the distribution and growth feature of the composition species in the coastal sand dune, Vitex rotundifolia, Carex kobomuri and Zoysia macrostachya were widely distributed from unstable sand dune to stable one but Iachaemum anthephoroides and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii were mainly found at the stable sand dune. Carex kobomugi was especially dominant at the unstable sand dune where the sand continued to be deposited. On the other hand, Carer pumila and Messerschmidia sibirica showed regional distributions around fresh water.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2001

Human gastric adenocarcinomas are fixated with low energy of microwave (LEM) to study fixation effects in level of ultrastructure and antigenicity of the cancer. For the Ag-Ab reactions , the LEM fixated sdenocarcinomas are incorporated with monoclonal mouse anti-human p53 (IgG2b, kappa) and rabbit anti human cerbB-2. The retrieval of antigenicity are easily recognizable in the LEM fixated sections compared with that of frozen sections which show often diffused colour reactions. And the LEM fixation methods have preserved ultrastructures of the adenocarcinoma, but it was often difficult to maintain constancy in fixation effects. For the constancy, LEM was coupled with low concentration of chemical fixatives, such as glutaraldehyde (<1%) and $OsO_4$ (<0.5%). The results were acceptable, but there are tendencies that the adenocarcinoma requisitioned rather weak microwave energy to come into the optimal fixation effects. Therefore , cultured HeLa cells were fixated with lower energy of microwave than that used to the adenocarcinoma. The ultrastructures of the single HeLa cell have been preserved. The results may imply that a different energy levels of microwave are requisitioned in accordance with kinds of cells and tissues for the optimal fixation effects. It is reported and discussed that the fixation methods of LEM used in this work could be applied routinely to conceal a insufficient diffusion rate of chemical fixatives into some kinds of cancer without compromising the ultrastructures as well as to improve antigenic quality of frozen sections.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.132-140
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• 2006

Forest vegetation classification and species composition of Mt. Ilwol, Yeongyang-Gun, Korea, were studied combining the Braun-Blanquet approach with numerical syntaxonomical analyses (TWINSPAN). Vegetation types and various ecological characteristics such as flora, constancy classes, species ratio of life-form, species diversity and importance value were analyzed. Sixty-eight samples were taken from a $100m^2$ square plot each. Forest communities were identified as two great types: arid landform of mountainside (AM) and humid fertility of piedmont and valley (HP). The former was divided into 3 communities (Rhododendron mucronulatum, Quercus variabilis, Hosta capitat community) and 2groups, and the latter into 3 communities (Tilia amurensis, Vitis coignetiae, Philadelphus schrenckii community) and 2 groups. Vegetation was classified into 8 units. Floristically, the most represented family was Compositae with 26 species. Species with percentage constance degree of more than 61% was Quercus mongolica (72.1%, IV); Carex siderosticat (III) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla (III) were 50.0 and 41.1%, respectively. Life-forms species ratios for trees, subtrees, shrub, vines, grominoids, forbs and ferns were 18.5, 5.7, 14.9, 6.6, 8.8, 42.4 and 3.1%, respectively, PH type showed from $1.70{\pm}0.50\;to\;1.97{\pm}0.57$ and AM type was from $1.40{\pm}0.18\;to\;1.62{\pm}0.20$ in species diversity; therefore, the former type showed higher species diversity than the latter, According to importance value analysis, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis were higher in the tree layer, Q. mongolica in the subtree layer, Fraxinus sieboldiana, R. schlippenbachii, etc. in the shrub layer and Carex siderosticta, Carex humilis, etc. in the herb layer.