• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.319-339
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• 1997

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the winner's curse in the context of corporate takeovers. The study analyzes conditions which make overpayment likely. For a sample of corporate takeovers completed between 1982 and 1993, the analysis shows that the volatility of targets relative to that of acquirers (not the uncertainty of the target or acquirer alone) has a definitive impact on the magnitude of the winner's curse. Also, the incidence is more pronounced in multiple-bidder than in single-bidder contests. Specifically, white knights are more likely to overpay than other acquirers in multiple bidding situations. Furthermore, the study finds that the process of competitive bidding is a zero sum game since the greater returns to the shareholders of target firms in multiple-bid contests come at the expense of the acquiring companies, Overall, the evidence suggests that the bidders need to become more conservative, particularly as the relative uncertainty of the target's 'true' value and the number of bidders increase.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 1999

Developmental dysplasia or dislocation of the hip is the most pronounced form of a condition in which the femoral heads tends progressively to leave the acetabulum. In the young child the variability of findings and course suggest a spectrum of conditions in which there are a number of common features: restriction of movement, particularly of abduction in flexion; shortening; and abnormal radiology, including a sloping or dysplastic acetabulum and delay in the appearance of the upper femoral epiphysis. It is vital to make the diagnosis of a congenital dislocation as soon after birth as possible. Conservative treatment with an abduction brace before the child run begins to walk is completely adequate, but after the age of 4 even surgical repositioning is difficult and after the age of 7 it is almost impossible. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the value of physical therapy of developmental dysplasia or dislocation after operation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 2006

Bilateral chylothorax as a complication of radical neck dissection is extremely rare. Early diagnosis of chylothorax is important due to the consequences on metabolic & cardiopulmonary conditions. This present report describes our recent experiences with two cases of bilateral chylothorax following left modified radical neck dissection that was treated successfully by conservative management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 1999

The atomic fuel rods between top and bottom end pieces of reactor need to be extended for high combustion rate of future-type fuel to increase the irradiation in the axial direction. For allowing axial extension of the fuel rods, the space between top and bottom end pieces should be expanded. Thus the thickness reduction of the flow plate is necessary. This study was carried out the mechanical strength test by using strain gages as a function of flow plate thickness, the existence of skirt and loading condition for the Korean Fuel Assembly(KOFA). The experimental apparatus was designed for load conditions, uniformly distributed load and displacement. Test method using whiffle tree of uniformly distributed load has been comparatively conservative. The test results were compared with those of finite element analysis and the test method on bottom end piece was established.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1151-1157
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• 2009

Nuclear power plants applying for the continued operation over design life are required to address the effects of reactor water environment in fatigue design requirement of the ASME Code. Reactor water environmental effects are generally evaluated by calculating fatigue correction factors on fatigue usage. This paper describes the application for pressurizer surge line of environmental fatigue correction factors and the strain rate impact in the application. From this paper, the environmental fatigue correction factors resulted from the assumption of a step change in temperature are especially compared with those calculated from the data measured during plant startup. As a conclusion of this paper, the design transient conditions applied to the fatigue design may be conservative in case of the environmental fatigue evaluation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.965-988
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• 2016

This paper investigates the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings with multiple underground stories. A base-case where the buildings are modeled with a fixed condition at ground level is adopted, and then the number of basements is incrementally increased to evaluate changes in performance. Two subsurface site conditions, corresponding to very dense sands and medium dense sands, are used for the analysis. In addition, three ground shaking levels are used in the study. Results of the study indicated that while the common design practice of cropping the structure at the ground surface leads to conservative estimation of the base shear for taller and less rigid structures; it results in unpredicted and nonconservative trends for shorter and stiffer structures.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.48-52
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• 2011

This paper presents the observer based output feedback control design for linear systems which have both input and output time delay. Sufficient conditions for existence of stabilizing output feedback controller are characterized by linear matrix inequalities. Since the condition of the proposed design depends on the value of time delay, it is less conservative than existing delay-independent approaches. Finally, an illustrative example is given in order to show the effectiveness of our design method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.410-413
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• 2006

The ㄱ type perfobond rib shear connector is a ㄱ type flat steel plate with a number of holes punched through. This connector can be effectively used in girder with high shear. The ㄱ type perfobond rib shear connector exhibit very stiff behaviour under service load conditions and also had the characteristic of retaining a significant amount of load after the attainment of ultimate capacity. The ㄱ type perfobond rib shear connector with safety factor of 3 is applied shear connector of CFT composite girder. From static test result of CFT composite girder, relative displacement of 0.01mm measured at the service load moment. At design of the ㄱ type perfobond rib shear connector, applying safety factor of 3 was more conservative than test result.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.2 no.3 s.5
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• pp.71-79
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to study the buckling characteristics of elliptical latticed domes under conservative loading conditions. The latticed domes are usually designed in geometrically spherical shape. For this type of latticed domes, many researchers have researched and even the simplified estimation codes for the buckling load level have been available. However, geometrically elliptical latticed domes have been often constructed, and show different buckling characteristics following with geometrical parameters as rise-to-span ratio and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the general tendency of buckling characteristics of the elliptical latticed domes. In this paper, to find out some buckling characteristics of elliptical latticed domes, height, boundary configuration and gap are used as the shape coefficients. For each model with different parameters, the eigen values and the buckling loads are evaluated.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07b
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• pp.592-595
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a unified method to solve the various robust filtering problem for a class of uncertain discrete time systems. Generally, to solve the robust filtering problem, we must convert the convex optimization problem with uncertainty blocks to the uncertainty free convex optimization problem. To do this, we derive the robust matrix inequality problem. This technique involves using constant scaling parameter which can be optimized by solving a linear matrix inequality problem. Therefore, the robust matrix inequality problem does not conservative. The robust filter can be designed by using this robust matrix inequality problem and by considering its solvability conditions.