• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.2221-2229
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• 2020

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) accident, level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) has emerged as an important task in order to assess the risk level of the multi-unit NPPs in a single nuclear site. Accurate calculation of the radionuclide concentrations and exposure doses to the public is required if a nuclear site has multi-unit NPPs and large number of people live near NPPs. So, there has been a great need to develop a new method or procedure for the fast and accurate offsite consequence calculation for the multi-unit NPP accident analysis. Since the multi-unit level 3 PSA is being currently performed assuming that all the NPPs are located at the same position such as a center of mass (COM) or base NPP position, radionuclide concentrations or exposure doses near NPPs can be drastically distorted depending on the locations, multi-unit NPP alignment, and the wind direction. In order to overcome this disadvantage of the COM method, the idea of a new multiple location (ML) method was proposed and implemented into a new tool MURCC (multi-unit radiological consequence calculator). Furthermore, the MURCC code was further improved for the multi-unit level 3 PSA that has the arbitrary number of multi-unit NPPs. The objectives of this study are to (1) qualitatively and quantitatively compare COM and ML methods, and (2) demonstrate the strength and efficiency of the ML method. The strength of the ML method was demonstrated by the applications to the multi-unit long-term station blackout (LTSBO) accidents at the four-unit Vogtle NPPs. Thus, it is strongly recommended that this ML method be employed for the offsite consequence analysis of the multi-unit NPP accidents.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 위험을 등급화하여 검사대상 및 주기를 결정하여 투자비용기 효용성을 높이는 기술의 접근방법을 도입하여, 위험의 정도뿐만 아니라 위험의 양(손실비용)을 평가 할 수 있는 활용 방법을 제시하였다. 위험의 정량화를 위해 가스배관의 손상확률과 영향을 예측하는 방법이 필요한데 손상확률의 경우 사고원인을 굴착공사, 외부부식, 지반침하 및 장치손상으로 구분하였고, 그 각각의 원인에 대해 사고발생빈도를 구하는 방법을 제시하였으며 영향을 예측하기 위하여 가스의 누출시 주로 피해를 유발하는 화제에 대해 사망, 화상 및 건물에 피해를 줄 수 있는 경우 그 피해범위를 산정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한, 이 확률과 영향을 결합하여 위험비용을 예측하는 방법과 그 결과를 예시하였는데 이 기술은 경제적인 측면을 고려한 종합적 안전관리 기술로서 위험관리가 중요한 도시가스업계에 적용된다면, 위험을 줄일 수 있는 최적의 위험감소 전략 수립에 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 LPG 소형저장탱크의 보급확대에 따른 위험성감소 방안으로 소형저장탱크의 지상 및 지하매몰 설치에 대한 피해영향평가를 수행하였다. 지하에 설치된 소형저장탱크의 피해영향평가를 수행하기 위해 FDS를 활용하여 격납형으로 설치된 소형저장탱크를 모사하였고, FDS로부터 소형저장탱크실의 최대 압력을 도출하여 피해영향 평가 프로그램인 Phast의 입력변수로 활용하였다. 지상 및 지하에 설치된 소형저장탱크의 각각의 피해영향평가를 시뮬레이션을 통해 연소하한계(LFL) 및 연소상한계(UFL)의 확산범위, 고압분출화재(Jet fire), 폭발 등 피해영향을 정량적인 수치로 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper examines the admissibility of restitution as the legal consequence where a contract is frustrated under the Law of Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943 in comparison with Korean Civil Code (KCC). In order to provide practical guidelines and advice regarding choice of and application of law for contracting parties in international trade, the paper comparatively evaluates requirements and the scope of restitution under the Act 1943 and KCC. Design/methodology - This paper executes a comparative study to analyze whether the parties may claim restitution of money paid or non-money benefit obtained before or after the time of discharge under English law and KCC. To achieve the purpose, it focuses on the identifying characteristics of each statute, thereby providing guidelines to overcome difficulties in legal application and interpretation as to restitution as the consequence of frustration. Findings - Under English law, the benefit may be restituted according to Art 1943 or the common law rule, mistake of fact or law. Under the KCC, restitution is considered based on the principle of the obligation to recover the original obtained regardless of the time when the benefit is conferred. Whilst Act 1943 does not require careful analysis of the grounds of restitution, requirements to justify restitution according to the principle of unjust enrichment, mistake of fact or law, and the KCC should be met. Meanwhile, the KCC may provide more opportunities to award restitution because it does not require the burden of proof related to the defendant's good faith, unlike the principle of unjust enrichment. Originality/value - Where the contract is frustrated by the effect of COVID-19, one legal issue is a consequence of frustration. Therefore, this paper analyzes requirements and the scope of restitution under English law as compared with the KCC in a timely manner. It provides contracting parties with practical guidelines and advice to reduce unpredictability when they choose the governing law in a contract.

• 인문언어
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.301-319
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• 2002

In a recent paper, I have proposed an analysis concerning propositions and 'that'-clauses as a solution to Kripke's puzzle and other similar puzzles, which I now call 'the Indefinite Description Analysis of Belief Ascription Sentences.' I have listed some of the major advantages of this analysis besides its merit as a solution to the puzzles: it is amenable to the direct-reference theory of proper names; it does not nevertheless need to introduce Russellian (singular) propositions or any other new entities. David Lewis has constructed an interesting argument to refute this analysis. His argument seems to show that my analysis has an unwelcome consequence: if someone believes any proposition, then he or she should, ipso facto, believe any necessary (mathematical or logical) proposition (such as the proposition that 1 succeeds 0). In this paper, I argue that Lewis's argument does not pose a real threat to my analysis. All his argument shows is that we should not accept the assumption called 'the equivalence thesis': if two sentences are equivalent, then they express the same proposition. I argue that this thesis is already in trouble for independent reasons. Especially, I argue that if we accept the equivalence thesis then, even without my analysis, we can derive a sentence like 'Fred believes that 1 succeeds 0 and snow is white' from a sentence like 'Fred believes that snow is white.' The consequence mentioned above is not worse than this consequence.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2006

The effect of parameters on the consequence of the flash fire accident by the release of heavy gas(in this study, xylene vapor) was analyzed. Simulation results showed that the distance with the lower flammable limit($X_{LFL}$) was increased with the increase of the release hole diameter. For the case of the elevated release, $X_{LFL}$ was increased with the increase of the wind speed and the release height, but $X_{LFL}$ was not affected by the wind speed for the release on the ground level. Therefore, the accident in the elevated release was more dangerous than the release on the ground level. In this condition, the release height had more effect on $X_{LFL}$ at the night time than the daytime and in the urban area than the rural area.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 배관누출에 의한 가스 폭발사고에서 누출 시나리오 선정방법과 사고결과 분석방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 온도, 압력, 누출물질 등 다양한 누출조건에서 누출속도, 장치피해영역 및 상해영역을 산출하고, 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 산출방법에 따라 사고 결과값이 다소 차이가 있었으나 파열인 경우에 최대값을 가지며, 이로부터 최악의 사고피해를 예측할 수 있었다. 그리고 누출공의 크기는 임의로 선정하기보다는 고장률을 고려한 가중평균법으로 사고피해를 예측하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단되었다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 LPG용기를 취급판매 하는 소매상점에의 화재 및 폭발 상황시 인근 아파트 단지에 얼마나 영향을 주는지에 관한 피해 분석을 하였다. 위험성 평가는 피해분석과 빈도분석으로 이루어지는데 여기서는 피해분석에 중점을 두고 수행하였다. 피해분석을 위하여 두 개의 최악시나리오를 Event Tree Analysis를 통하여 선정하였다. 선정된 시나리오를 바탕으로 W equivalent Method와 컴퓨터 모델링을 통하여 과압과 비산정도를 예측하였다. 이를 바탕으로 소매상점으로부터 거리별 영향분석을 실시하여 폭발사고 발생시 실제 얼마만큼의 위험 영향이 미치는지를 정량적 분석으로 표현하였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to construct the Marital Relationship Enhancement Program based on PREP(Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program), and to examine the effect of it for couples in the early marriage stage. To perform this program, six session of time-limited(two hour) were carried out experimental group. and subjects were assigned to experimental group(N=6 couples) and control group(N=6 couples). Scales of PREPARE II (PREmarital Personal And Relationship Evaluation), Couple Communication Scales and Commitment Scales were used as pre-post-follow instruments of this study. Major finding were as follows : 1. Marital Relationship Enhancement Program for couples in the early marriage stage has meaningful consequences for the improvement of participants' couple relationship. 2. Marital Relationship Enhancement Program had meaningful consequence for the improvement of participants' realistic expectation of marriage, communication and conflict resolution skills and leisure activities. These positive effects maintained at follow-up. However, it hadn't meaningful consequence for the improvement of participants' marital commitment. 3. Marital Relationship Enhancement Program had also meaningful consequence for the improvement of the wives' realistic expectation of marriage, communication and conflict resolution skills and leisure activities, of the husbands' communication and conflict resolution skills.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.745-754
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• 2012

The correlations between Large Early Release Frequency (LERF) and Early Fatality need to be investigated for risk-informed application and regulation. In Regulatory Guide (RG) -1.174, while there are decision-making criteria using the measures of Core Damage Frequency (CDF) and LERF, there are no specific criteria on LERF. Since there are both huge uncertainties and large costs needed in off-site consequence calculation, a LERF assessment methodology needs to be developed, and its correlation factor needs to be identified, for risk-informed decision-making. A new method for estimating off-site consequence has been presented and performed for assessing health effects caused by radioisotopes released from severe accidents of nuclear power plants in this study. The MACCS2 code is used for validating the source term quantitatively regarding health effects, depending on the release characteristics of radioisotopes during severe accidents. This study developed a method for identifying correlations between LERF and Early Fatality and validates the results of the model using the MACCS2 code. The results of this study may contribute to defining LERF and finding a measure for risk-informed regulations and risk-informed decision-making.