• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38C권12호
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• pp.1114-1125
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• 2013

License Plate Detection (LPD) is a key component in automatic license plate recognition system. Despite the success of License Plate Recognition (LPR) methods in the past decades, the problem is quite a challenge due to the diversity of plate formats and multiform outdoor illumination conditions during image acquisition. This paper aims at automatical detection of car license plates via image processing techniques. In this paper, we proposed a real-time and robust method for license plate detection using Heuristic Energy Map(HEM). In the vehicle image, the region of license plate contains many components or edges. We obtain the edge energy values of an image by using the box filter and search for the license plate region with high energy values. Using this energy value information or Heuristic Energy Map(HEM), we can easily detect the license plate region from vehicle image with a very high possibilities. The proposed method consists two main steps: Region of Interest (ROI) Detection and License Plate Detection. This method has better performance in speed and accuracy than the most of existing methods used for license plate detection. The proposed method can detect a license plate within 130 milliseconds and its detection rate is 99.2% on a 3.10-GHz Intel Core i3-2100(with 4.00 GB of RAM) personal computer.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.73-91
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• 2018

This study begins with the awareness of problem that the education of mathematics teachers has failed to link the limit and the infinite set conceptually. Thus, this study analyzes the historical and reciprocal development of the limit and the infinite set, and discusses how to improve the education of these concepts and their relation based on the outcome of this analysis. The results of the study confirm that the infinite set is the historical tool of linking the limit and the real numbers. Also, the result shows that the premise of 'the component of the straight line is a point.' had the fundamental role in the construction of the real numbers as an arithmetical continuum and that the moral certainty of this premise would be obtained through a thought experiment using an infinite set. Based on these findings, several proposals have been made regarding the teacher education of awakening someone to the fact that 'the theoretical foundation of the limit is the real numbers, and it is required to introduce an infinite set for dealing with the real numbers.' in this study. In particular, by presenting one method of constructing the real numbers as an arithmetical continuum based on a thought experiment about the component of the straight line, this study opens up the possibility of an education that could get the limit values psychologically connected to the infinite set in overcoming the epistemological obstacle related to the continuum concept.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2018

Purpose - To meet the needs of various customers in an uncertain market environment, many companies use product modularization strategies. Modularization of a product means that one product consists of several components and that the type of product can be changed according to the combination of components. The greatest feature of modularity is that changes in one component do not significantly affect the physical changes in the other component to which they are connected. Modularization of products is recognized as a very important strategy to reflect increasingly complicated customer requirements to products and respond to the needs of various markets. Many studies have been made in connection with the concept of mass customer satisfaction. There are many prior studies that modularization of such products positively affects the operational performance (manufacturing cost, fast delivery, etc.) and innovation of the product. However, excessive modularization has been found to have a negative effect on this performance. However, there are very few studies on the nonlinear relationship between product modularization and customer satisfaction. Supplementing these academically insufficient parts is very necessary when considering the current market environment. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to make up for the shortcomings of academic research in Korea, this study collects data through questionnaires in electronic, auto, and defense industry. This is because these industries are using modularity of products. based on lots of previous studies and information overload theory, we made two hypothesis and verify with empirical analysis. All 108 data were used. We used the R program and SPSS program for statistical verification. Results - As a result of the study, modularization of products showed positive relationship with customer satisfaction to a certain level. However, it has been found that when the modularization is over and beyond a certain level, there is a negative relationship with customer satisfaction. Conclusions - Excessive modularization of products can have a negative impact on customer satisfaction. This result can be understood as a result of human limited rationality due to information overload. Therefore, it is important for companies to apply appropriate modularity to product design.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.81-99
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• 2020

기종점 데이터는 수요 분석 및 서비스 설계를 위해서 대중교통, 도로운영 등 다양한 분야에서 저장 및 활용되고 있다. 최근 빅데이터의 활용성이 증대되면서 기종점 데이터의 분석 및 활용에 대한 수요도 함께 증가하고 있다. 기존의 일반적인 교통 정보 데이터가 수집장비 수(n)에 비례하여 데이터양이 증가(α·n)하는 것과는 다르게, 기종점 데이터는 수집지점 수(n)의 증가에 따라 수집 데이터의 양이 기하급수적으로 증가(α·n²)하는 경향이 있다. 이로 인하여 기종점 데이터를 원시 데이터의 형태로 장기간 저장하고 빅데이터 분석에 활용하는 것은 대용량의 저장 공간이 필요하다는 것을 고려할 때 실용적 대안으로 여겨지지 않고 있다. 이와 함께 기종점 데이터는 0~10 사이의 작은 수요 부분에 패턴화된 형태와 무작위 적인 형태의 데이터가 섞여있어 작은 수요가 그룹화되어 발생하는 주요 패턴을 추출하기에 어려움이 있다. 이러한 기종점 데이터의 저장용량의 한계와 패턴화 분석의 한계를 극복하고자 본 연구에서는 주성분 분석을 활용한 대중교통 기종점 데이터의 압축 및 분석 방법을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 서울시와 세종시의 대중교통 이용 데이터를 활용하여 모빌리티 데이터를 분석하고, 모빌리티 기종점 데이터에 포함된 무작위 성향이 높은 데이터를 제거하기 위해 주성분분석 기반의 데이터 압축 및 복원에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 주성분분석으로 분해된 기종점 데이터와 원데이터를 비교하여 주요한 수요 패턴을 찾고 이를 통해 압축률과 복원율을 높일 수 있는 주성분 범위를 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 분석한 결과, 서울시 기준 1~80, 세종시 기준 1~60까지의 주성분을 사용할 경우 주요 이동 데이터의 손실 없이 기종점 데이터에 포함되어있는 노이즈를 제거하고 데이터를 압축 및 복원이 가능하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1414-1423
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• 2014

본 연구는 사회네트워크 분석을 활용해 패키지 관광 상품 안에 포함된 관광 목적지들의 구성 패턴과 POI(point of interests)를 도출하고 관광 패키지 상품으로 구성된 관광 목적지 별 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 여행사에서 판매하는 패키지 관광 상품을 조사한 후, Pajek, Cytoscape, UCINET을 활용하여 밀도, 집중도, 중심성, 관심지점 설정, 컴퍼넌트 등의 분석을 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 관광목적지 네트워크는 관광 목적지들 간의 연결이 고르게 이루어 진 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 중심성 값을 통해 연결정도 중심성이 높으면, 매개 중심성 또한 높음을 발견하였다. 셋째, 관심지점 설정 결과, 관광 목적지 안의 관심지점은 널리 퍼져있는 것이 아닌 가까운 거리에 모여 있는 것을 발견하였다. 끝으로, 하위 네트워크 분석 결과, 관광 목적지 네트워크는 하위 집단간 파편화가 일어난 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2014

2008년 8월부터 2009년 6월까지 논산천의 10개 미소서식처 유형에 따른 어류군집의 공간분포특성을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 채집된 어류는 총 6과 26종 1,130개체가 확인되었다. 출현한 어종 중 한국고유종은 Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis morii, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Hemiculter eigenmanni, Pseudobagrus koreanus, Odontobutis interrupta 등 총 5종(19.2%)으로 확인되었으며, 우점종은 Zacco platypus, 아우점종은 Tridentiger brevispinis로 조사되었다. 서식처 유형별 우점종은 낙차형 웅덩이, 거석형 웅덩이에서 Micropterus salmoides, 개방형 하도습지, 폐쇄형 하도습지(구하도)에서 Lepomis macrochirus, 폐쇄형 하도습지(범람형), 평여울에서 T. brevispinis, 급여울, 사행형 웅덩이, 샛강, 댐형 웅덩이에서 Z. platypus가 우점하였다. 군집분석 결과 샛강에서 우점도지수가 낮고, 다양도지수는 높게 나타나 서식처 유형별 가장 안정적인 군집구조를 유지하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 논산천의 서식처 유형별 유사도 분석 결과 사행형 웅덩이와 급여울이 80.8%로 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 서식처 유형에 따라 크게 두 개의 그룹으로 구분이 되었다. 주성분 분석 결과 10개의 서식처 유형들이 유수역 특성이 나타나는 서식처와 정수역 특성이 나타나는 서식처로 구분되어 분석되었다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2008

비디오 카메라에서 입력된 동영상을 분석하여 교차로에서 교통량을 자동적으로 측정하는 시스템을 설계, 구현하였다. 입력 영상에서 배경과 전경을 분리하기 위하여 3가지 방법을 비교 분석하였으며 이중에서 좋은 결과를 보여주는 Li의 방법을 선택하였다. 전경 영상에서 연결 성분 분석을 이용하여 각각의 블로브들을 분리하였으며 분리된 블로브들은 블로브 추적기를 이용하여 프레임 별로 추적된다. 가장 기본적인 추적기는 블로브의 크기와 위치 정보들을 이용한다. 블로브들 간에 충돌이 있는 경우에는 블로브 안의 컬러 분포를 이용하는 mean shift 알고리즘이 사용되었다. 제안된 시스템은 실제 교차로 동영상을 이용하여 테스트되었으며 휴리스틱을 추가할 경우, 좋은 감지율과 오차율을 보였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.875-878
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• 2004

Researching in text detection and segmentation has been done for a long period in the OCR area. However, there is some other area that the text detection and segmentation from images can be very useful. In this report, we first propose the design of a mobile translator system which helps non-native speakers to understand the foreign language using ubiquitous mobile network and camera mobile phones. The main focus of the paper will be the algorithm in detecting and segmenting texts embedded in the natural scenes from taken images. The image, which is captured by a camera mobile phone, is transmitted to a translator server. It is initially passed through some preprocessing processes to smooth the image as well as suppress noises. A threshold is applied to binarize the image. Afterward, an edge detection algorithm and connected component analysis are performed on the filtered image to find edges and segment the components in the image. Finally, the pre-defined layout relation constraints are utilized in order to decide which components likely to be texts in the image. A preliminary experiment was done and the system yielded a recognition rate of 94.44% on a set of 36 various natural scene images that contain texts.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.129-143
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• 1998

The vibrations of steering wheel are required to be reduced for convenient ride quality and good controllability. This phenomenon, vibration of steering wheel, is occured by interaction with suspension system, steering system, vehicle body, engine/transmission and tire complicately. But reviewing the current research activities, most researches are performed for the vibration analysis of steering wheel with a simple model, and mot easy to be applied to the variation of each component element connected with steering system as well as that of the steering system. In this study, suspension system and steering system are modelled by the T.L.H. coordinate system which is usually used by a passenger car maker. Also, rigid body motions of engine and elastic motions of vehicle body in the previous study are considered. Derive the equation of motion in 29 d.o.f. and the vibration of steering wheel is analyzed numerically and verify the midelling of steering system by comparison with test results for real car. And then, the optimal design values of the engine mount system obtained from the previous study are applied to the verified steering system model and investigate the effects of various engine mount design values on the vibration of steering wheel.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2003

This paper presents the design concept and operation results of float-off for FSO (340,000 DWT Class, ELF AMENAM KPONO Project) built on the ground, without dry dock facilities. It was the first attempt to build FSO, completely, on the ground and launch it using DBU (Double Barge Unit, which was connected by rigid frame structure.) The major characteristics of FSO, which are similar to general VLCC type hull, including topside structure, weigh 51,000 metric ton. In order to have sufficient stability during the deck immersion of DBU, while passing through a minimum water plane area zone, proper trim control was completed with LMC (Load Master Computer). The major features of the monitoring system include calculation for transverse bending moment, shear force, local strength check of each connector, based on component stress, and deformation check during the load-out and float-off. Another major concern during the operation was to avoid damages at the bottom and sides of FSO, due to motion & movement after free-floating; therefore, adequate clearances between DBU and FSO were to be provided, and guide posts were installed to prevent side damage of the DBU casings. This paper also presents various measures that indecate the connector bending moment, damage stability analysis, and mooring of DBU during float off.