• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.43-66
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• 2010

In that the Buddhism is the religion founded by Buddha, the settlement of Buddha's existence is very important in the temple building arrangement which symbolizes the Buddha's world. What symbolizes the Buddha in the temple are the pagoda and the Buddhist image. Among them, the Buddhist image is directly connected with the Golden Hall. This kind of double structure is settled as a typical pattern for the arrangement of buildings such as halls and pagodas. The earlier one between the pagoda and Buddhist image is the pagoda, of course. It can be inferred that, through the gradual expansion of the Buddhist images, the gravity was transferred from the pagoda to the Golden Hall. But, if the Buddhist image can be connected with the Golden Hall in that it was the product reflecting the requests on the Buddha and his teaching, the internal origin of the Buddhist image should also go back to the early Buddhism. In fact, the gravest building in Venuvana - vihara or Jetavana - anaehapindasyarama was the Golden Hall, the Buddha's residence. And in the summit of Grdhrakuta or Jetavana - anaehapindasyarama where Buddha stayed long, there is the gandha - kuti the Buddha's place till now. It means that the symbolic request on the Buddha and his teaching had existed even before the Buddhist image and that this tendency could be connected with the generation of Buddhist image. This paper is to show that the hall / pagoda structure generalized in the building arrangement of later age was originated not just from the Buddhist image and the sarira pagoda but from the gandha - kuti and the hair pagoda, and therefore the two should coexist inevitably. It is an attempt to develop a little more in the ideological perspective the general theory that the pagoda and the Buddhist image were fused into one precinct of temple later in their respective origins. That is, it tries to recognize the relation of pagoda and hall not as the conflicting one but as the complementary one.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2003

This paper describes an efficient algorithm to generate compact and complete prompts lists for connected spoken digits database. In building a connected spoken digit recognizer, we have to acquire speech data in various contexts. However, in many speech databases the lists are made by using random generators. We provide an efficient algorithm that can generate compact and complete lists of digits in various contexts. This paper includes the proof of optimality and completeness of the algorithm.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1293-1309
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• 2015

3D two adjacent buildings with different heights founded in different kinds of soil connected with viscous dampers groups, with especial arrangement in plane, were investigated. Soil structure interaction for three different kinds of soil (stiff, medium and soft) were modeled as 3D Winkler model to give the realistic behavior of adjacent buildings connected with viscous dampers under various earthquake excitations taking in the account the effect of different kinds of soil beneath the buildings, using SAP2000n to model the whole system. A range of soil properties and soil damping characteristics are chosen which gives broad picture of connected structures system behavior resulted from the influence soil-structure interaction. Its conclusion that the response of connected structures system founded on soft soil are more critical than those founded on stiff soil. The behavior of connected structures is different from those with fixed base bigger by nearly 20%, and the efficiency of viscous dampers connecting the two adjacent buildings is reduced by nearly 25% less than those founded on stiff soil.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.1 s.22
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• pp.7-25
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is focused to the historic changes of Yungnam-Ru(嶺南樓), which are based on the site layout, and architectural forms in architectural building history and historic periods analyzed with the historic reference, paintings, and photos. This study is to search the alteration of the types of axis and the formation of spaces in Yungnam-Ru which is the Ru-Gak(樓閣) The conclusion of the architectural changes from the historic period and architectural form which is the belows. The first Yungnam-Ru by name had been used to be called, before it was re-called Yungnam-Ru by Kim Ju in 1365. Therefore, the hypothesis in naming Yungnam-Ru form assumption that the building under the name of Yungnam-Ru was re-named by Kim Ju from the Old Budist Temple called Yungnam-Sa, should re-considered in history. The second, it is considered that Milyang-Sibyi-Kyungdo(密陽十二景圖) as the painting can only be seen the site layout in 1542. It could be compared the differences of the site layouts from in 1542 to the present time. At that time Nyungpadang(凌派堂) was connected the main buildings called Yungnam-Ru Chimrudang(沈流堂),building was seperated with the Yungnam-Ru at that period. In 1542, the main Building(Yungnam-Ru) was consist of 5 spans of columns(from the front) and 2 spans of columns(from the side). Now, the main Building(Yungnam-Ru) has the 5 spans of columns from the front, and two spans of columns short from the side, compared to the present facade. At the past, Chimrudang(building) has the two spans of columns and one span of columns short, compared to the present facade. The third, It supposed that main building, Nyungpadang and Chimrudang in the composite of facade was connected with Wolrang(月廊) and Hunrang(軒廊) after invatioin from japan in 1592. 1844, (Chosun dynasty, Hunjong 10) the Yungnam-Ru was re-builted by maintaining the same concept in site layout of the past, and finally the three buildings was put together with Wolrang and Hunrang. As a result, the plan of the Yungnam-Ru was expanded with many aspects. From 1542 to 1844, the present site-layout gradually completed with three buildings which was spatially connected. The forth, in the middle age of Chosun dynasty, after added Gaeksa(客舍), the building is for the government officer staying temporally from outside province) in the site, the site layout was greatly changed with volume of building. In 1844, the Yungnam-Ru as the Nugak belongs to Miljukwan(密州館) was expanded spacially and formally. After that time, the burned buildings could not have been re-built because of aspects in government ability and economical ability.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

This paper describes liquidity evaluation on the horizontal branch pipe connected to a food waste disposer and performance of five disposers marketed. Experimental apparatus for analyzing the five disposers has been introduced to measure vibration, sound level and power consumption of the disposers. Simulator for analyzing the required water velocity to avoid waste jam inside the pipe connected to a food waste disposer has been designed and constructed. The simulator can control some experimental parameters: pipe slope, disposer supply water quantity, food waste materials and operation time of a disposer. Throughout the experimental measurements of the disposers marketed, it is found that the time need to crash food waste is about 20 seconds on the average. At the same flow condition, increase rate of internal water velocity is accelerated as the pipe slope increases. The water velocity inside the pipe having 50 A and slope of 1/50 is 0.26 m/s when the water flowrate to supply the disposer is 16 l pm. Considering the specific gravity and adhesion property of food waste, water velocity of the horizontal branch pipe connected to a food waste disposer need to excess 0.26 m/s at least to avoid the waste blockage inside the pipe.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.69-73
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• 2013

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.11
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• pp.1591-1599
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• 2017

In power electronics applications which switching frequency is below audible frequency, the acoustic noise and vibration design of magnetics are as important as the efficiency. In the case of the powder core, which is widely used in grid-connected inverters, many researches have been progressed in terms of efficiency. However, there are only few research have been progressed related with acoustic noise and vibrations. In this paper, the Sendust(Fe-Si-Al) powder core material which has low magnetostriction and low core loss is analyzed in terms of acoustic noise and vibration induced by Maxwell force and magnetostriction. Three building structures such as, rectangular, toroidal, and oval shape are designed for 4kW grid-connected inverter, because magnetic properties and the audible noises of the inductor are varied by magnetic core building structures. The effects of the Maxwell force and magnetostriction behaviors varied with core shapes are analyzed by finite element method and experiments. In addition, experiment results of the inductor efficiency are presented according to core building structures.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.149-157
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is offer fundamental materials which are gained by the question investigation about decrees of element. 1) The general facts about users 2) The installation element 3) The installation constitution 4) The function and behavioral facts Research revealed that unsatisfactory elements are connected with the exterior of building, the route of behavior and the convenient facilities. And it indicated that improvement needs more lodging building than inservice training building.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.450-453
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• 2006

Coupling adjacent building with supplemental damping devices is a developing method of reduced structural response due to wind and seismic excitations. The philosophy is to allow structures, vibrating at different frequencies, to exert control forces upon one another to reduce the overall responses of the system. This paper studies the effect of installing vibration control devices of two high rise building structures(49 stories and 42 stories) connected by sky-bridge. According to the analysis results the use of sky-bridge can be effective in increasing damping ratio of the system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2016

Working Posture is an important factor directly connected with quality and productivity of the construction project. In particular, High-rise building construction is required to manage the working posture due to the repetitive task and unfavorable working condition such as high place work, limited space. However existing construction planning of high-rise building construction has a negative effect on the labor's productivity because it is not insufficiently considered for working posture. Therefore the purpose of this study is to suggest a work that needs improvement by analyzing labor's working posture quantitatively using OWAS method. These results would provide the basic information to improve the productivity of the construction project by supporting the construction plan considering the working posture in high-rise building.