• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2006

꽃송이버섯은 베타글루칸 함량이 높아 버섯재배자들 사이에서 재배를 희망하는 농가들이 부쩍 늘어나고 있다. 하지만 이에 대한 실용적인 재배법이 확립되지 않아 까다로운 버섯으로 인식하여 재배를 기피하고 있어 본 실험에서는 침엽수 톱밥과 소맥분, 물엿을 이용한 간편하고 경제성 있는 배지조성법을 연구하였다. 톱밥 접종원과 액체 접종원을 사용한 경우의 균사 생장에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으며, $4^{\circ}C$에서 1일 동안 저온충격을 주는 방식이 원기 형성을 위하여 가장 좋은 방법으로 생각되었다. 또한 자실체 발생용 최적배지는 '미송+소맥분+옥수수+면실박+10% 물엿 수용액'으로 41%의 회수율을 보였으나, '낙엽송+소맥분+옥수수+면실박+10% 물엿 수용액'에서도 회수율이 37%로 자실체 발생량이 많았다. 또한 회수율과 버섯배지 중량 감소율과의 관계를 보면 회수율이 높을수록 중량 감소율이 높아 서로 비례한 것으로 조사되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2015

Rhizina undulata, the causal agent of Rhizina root rot, is a soil-borne fungus occurring on coniferous trees. The destruction of coastal forests caused by R. undulata infection has been mainly associated with bonfires at camping sites. However, Rhizina root rot was observed in the western coastal forests without fire. It was hypothesized that Rhizina root rot in this area might be closely related to the soil salinity, which can facilitate the growth and survival of R. undulata. So, the variation in sodium chloride (NaCl) resistance among isolates of Rhizina undulata was compared using liquid media containing different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0 mM to 300 mM. Our results showed that, albeit of no growth at a higher concentration of NaCl (300 mM), most of R. undulata isolates were capable of germinating and grew at up to 100 mM, indicating that NaCl resistance varies among R. undulata isolates. It was further found that isolates from coastal areas seemed to be more tolerant to NaCl than those further away the coast. We demonstrated that R. undulata could be possible to survive in coastal areas, but was lower NaCl tolerance than other fungi.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze the planting structure and ecological characteristics of greon spaces on the grounds of e Dangjin steam power plant. To achieve these goals, we surveyed existing vegetation, plant community structure, Plant volume and growth rate. Based on e vegetation analysis, existing vegetation was classified into six types: herbaceous species $(70.54\%)$, evergreen coniferous trees $(21.17\%)$, deciduous broad-leaved trees $(5.10\%)$, deciduous coniferous trees $(1.47\%)$, shrubs $(0.12\%)$, and other types $(1.59\%)$. The coal storage, office, and playground areas were community is the natural forest area where a Pinus thunbergii / Pinus densiflora community is distributed in terms of vegetation structure, species diversity, plant volume, and growth rate. The artificial green spaces(near the coal storage, office, playground areas) had a single-layer structure. Species diversity indices of the artificial green areas were $0.1655\~0.4807$ compared to 0.8628 in the natural forest, which presented a good growth environment. Also, the plant volume in the artificial green space was lower than that of the natural green space. Therefore, it would be desirable to develope a multi-layer structure similar to that of the vegetation in the natural green space in order to improve the amount of plant volume. The plant-damage ratio of Pinus thunbergii was $52.48\%$ in the coal storage area, and $8.48\~ 11.52\%$, in the other survey areas. Also, the vitality of Pinus thunbergii was $15.45k{\Omega}$ in the coal storage areas, which indicates bad growing conditions. This suggests that soil characteristics and dust have a bad impact on growth. The investigation into deciduous tres' growth status showed that appropriate plants would be Albizzia julibrissin, Acer palmatum var. sanguineum, Acer palmatum, Malus spp., Prunus sargentii.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2006

This study was conducted to find end-members and tracers which are effective to be applied in the End Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) model for runoff separation at the Gwangneung coniferous forest catchment (13.6ha), Gyeonggido, Korea. We monitored three successive rainfall events during two weeks from June 26, 2005 to July 10, 2005, and analysed chemical properties of rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, groundwater and soil water considered as main components of storm runoff. The followings are the results of analyses of each component and tracer. Groundwater, soil water and rainfall (or throughfall) were dominant runoff components. Rainfall and groundwater were selected as main components for the two components-one tracer mixing model, and groundwater, soilwater and throughfall were selected as main components for the three components-two tracers mixing model. Tracers were selected from anion ($Cl^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$), cation ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Ca^{2+}$) and Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC) in event 1, 2, and 3. $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and ANC were selected in the two components-one tracer mixing model and ${SO_4}^{2-}-K^+$, ${SO_4}^{2-}-Na^+$, ${SO_4}^{2-}-Ca^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$-ANC, and $Ca^{2+}$-ANC were selected in the three components-two tracers mixing model. Selected main runoff components and tracers can provide basic information to determine the contribution rate of each runoff component and identify the runoff process in a forest watershed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2013

To understand natural regeneration and stand development after fire in mixed broadleaved-coniferous forests of Sikhote-Alin Mountains, ten sample plots of $50m{\times}50m$ size were established in 1975 and 1983 at the stands burned by wildfires in 1973 and 1982, respectively. And, the number of naturally regenerated seedlings were monitored in two $50m{\times}4m$ subplots in each plot. The most fire-sensitive conifer species is Abies nephrolepis, while Betula costata is the most fire-sensitive broadleaved tree species. The most fire-resistant species were Q. mongolica, T. taquetii and A. mono. The results of 20 and 30 years after the fire showed that pioneer tree species, e.g. Populus, Salix, and Betula, were regenerated immediately at the early stage of stand development and grew where there is a mono canopy layer with high density. On the other hand, the densities of successors, e.g. Pinus koraiensis, Picea jezoensis, Abies nephrolepis, Acer mono and Tilia taquetii, which were present in the study plots before the fire, increased gradually. Naturally regenerated tree species after forest fire by the growth rate were divided into three groups according to their annual height growth. The seral tree species (Betula costata, Betula platyphylla, Padus maackii, Populus tremula and Sarix caprea) belong to the first group and have the highest growth rate (from 40 to 96 cm per year). The late successional broad-leaved trees (Tilia taquetii, Acer mono and Quercus mongolica) belong to the second group and have intermediate annual height growth (from 3.7 to 13.5 cm per year). The late successional coniferous species (Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis) form the third group and have the least annual height growth (from 1.4 to 3.5 cm per year).

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.523-538
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• 2011

This study analyzes the changes in the surface area of each forest cover, based on temperature data analysis and satellite imagery as the basic methods for the impact assessment of climate change on regional units. Furthermore, future changes in the forest cover are predicted using the double exponential smoothing method. The results of the study have shown an overall increase in annual mean temperature in the studied region since 1990, and an especially increased rate in winter and autumn compared to other seasons. The multi-temporal analysis of the changes in the forest cover using satellite images showed a large decrease of coniferous forests, and a continual increase in deciduous forests and mixed forests. Such changes are attributed to the increase in annual mean temperature of the studied regions. The analysis of changes in the surface area of each forest cover using the statistical data displayed similar tendencies as that of the forest cover categorizing results from the satellite images. Accordingly, rapid changes in forest cover following the increase of temperature in the studied regions could be expected. The results of the study of the forest cover surface using the double exponential smoothing method predict a continual decrease in coniferous forests until 2050. On the contrary, deciduous forests and mixed forests are predicted to show continually increasing tendencies. Deciduous forests have been predicted to increase the most in the future. With these results, the data on forest cover can be usefully applied as the main index for climate change. Further qualitative results are expected to be deduced from these data in the future, compared to the analyses of the relationship between tree species of forest and climate factors.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권3호
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• pp.322-329
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• 1990

리지나뿌리썩음병(病)에 의한 소나무림(林)의 군상고사(群狀枯死) 현상(現象)이 강릉지방(江陵地方)에서 발견되었는데 흑갈색(黑褐色)의 부후반점(腐朽斑點), 방사상(放射狀) 부후(腐朽)흔적 및 모래덩이 형성등(等)이 이병목(罹病木)의 뿌리에서 관찰되었다. 년간(年間) 피해(被害) 확산거리(擴散距離)는 약(約)6m였으며, 포착목(捕捉木)에 의하여 이병목(罹病木) 토양중(土壤中) 병원균(病原菌)이 검출(檢出)되었다. Rhizina undulata의 자양포자(子襄胞子)는 $37^{\circ}C$ 24시간(時間) 또는 $40^{\circ}C$ 17시간(時間) 열처리(處理)에 의하여 발아(發芽)되었으며, PDA배지(培地)에서 균사(菌絲)의 생장이 양호하였고, 최적생장온도(最適生長溫度)는 $25-30^{\circ}C$ 배지(培地)의 최적(最適)pH는 5.6-6.3이었다. 試驗管내(試驗管內)에서의 접종실험결과(接種實驗結果), 침엽수가 활엽수보다 감수성(感受性)을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.929-935
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• 2015

본 연구는 침엽수 인공림에서 산림 유역내 및 유역출구점에서 용존물질 농도의 특성을 밝혀보고자, 2005년부터 2007년까지 경기도 국립수목원 소재의 침엽수 시험림에서 pH, EC, 양이온, 음이온, 산중화능을 조사하였다. pH는 평균 6.87로 봄에 낮은 경향을 나타내는데, 수관층에 포집된 강하물의 영향으로 판단된다. EC는 평균 $58.4{\mu}S/cm$으로 강수량이 적은 봄에 이온의 양이 상대적으로 많아 계류수에서 높을 값을 나타냈다. 양이온과 음이온은 강우로 인해 봄과 가을철에 높게 나타났다. 다른 유역과의 수질 비교에서 EC는 강우량이 많은 여름철에 낮게 나타나는 경향을 보였으며, $NO_3{^-}$는 강하물 및 시업의 영향으로 계류수에서 높게 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구대상유역의 경우, 계류수내 pH와 ANC가 일정 수준으로 유지되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권4호
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• pp.557-561
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• 1998

피목가지마름병에 감염된 잣나무로부터 병원균을 분리 동정한 결과, Cenangium ferruginosum으로 동정되었다. C. ferruginosum의 균사생장은 공시한 5종의 인공배지 중에서 PDA(Potato Dextrose Agar)에서 가장 왕성하였으며, 활엽수 추출물 첨가배지에서보다 침엽수 추출물 첨가배지에서 상대적으로 좋았다. PDA에서의 균사생장 최적온도 및 pH는 각각 $10^{\circ}C$ 및 pH5 였다. 한편, 5년생 잣나무에 인공배양한 균사를 접종하여 병원성을 검정한 결과, 80%가 고사하였으며, 자연상태에서 감염원 이병목과 동일한 병징을 나타내었다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제20권
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• pp.39-47
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• 2002

This study was carried out in order to produce useful material for the forest multiple use and forest protection by soil physico-chemical analysis of studied area in Mt. Palgong. The results of soil physico-chemical analysis and statistical analysis represented as following 2 points. 1. Soil depth was in the range of average 61.1 cm and soil texture was loamy sand and sandy loam except Donghwasa area. The part of solid phase and gaseous phase were higher than other areas, but liquid phase was less in verse. Soil water content was in an average 49.5%, penetrability was average $1.95{\times}E^{-2}cm/sec$ and the average of soil hardness was $1.64Kg/cm^2$. This data showed that soil water content, penetrability and soil hardness were good at Mt. Palgong forest soils. 2. Soil pH was the range of 3.4 to 6.0, organic carbon content was 2.8% that is nearly mean of the Korea brown forest soils, total N content is somewhat smaller than that of other places, and total average C/N ratios was 13.9. Average available $P_2O_5$ concentration was 5.05 mg/kg that is lower than that of any others. The concentration of available P of coniferous forests is higher than that of deciduous forests. Exchangeable cations content is similar to those of the Korea brown forest soil and the order of the cation content extent is $Ca^{2+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $Na^+$ > $K^+$.