• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2004.10c
• /
• pp.541-543
• /
• 2004

TCP does not distinguish between congestion and packet losses due to route change and link failures, which are prevalent in mobile ad hoc networks. So, TCP does not show satisfactory performance in ad hoc networks since it assumes that all packet losses are due to network congestions. In particular, when a route is reestablished it needs to be adaptively determined CWND according to the new route features. In this paper, we proposed CWND adjustment scheme to improve the TCP performance overad hoc networks. TCP sender effectively adjusts CWND by monitoring the network situation using control packets. Simulation results using NS-2 show that the proposed scheme increases TCP throughput compared with those of general TCP.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.8C no.3
• /
• pp.351-358
• /
• 2001

무선망에서는 유선망에 비해 그 특성상 비교적 많은 패킷을 손실된다. TCP 프로토콜은 흐름제어나 에러정정, 혼잡 제어 등의 기능을 통해 보다 효율적이고 안정적인 통신을 지원하고 있다. 하지만 표준 TCP 프로토콜은 유선망의 특성을 고려하여 개발하였기 때문에 무선망에서 혼잡한 상황에서 패킷이 도달하지 못한 경우와 실제로 패킷이 손실되어 전달되지 못하는 경우를 구분하지 못한다. 최근까지 제시된 여러 이동망 TCP에 대한 논문은 무선망에서 패킷이 손실된 경우 혼잡 제어를 일어나지 못하게 하는 방법을 제시하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 TCP Persist Timer를 이용하여 혼잡제어를 회피하는 방법을 기존에 제시된 Snoop 프로토콜에 적용하여 자체적인 이동망상에서의 TCP 성능향상에 더하여 연속적인 에러에 대한 성능 향상을 제고하고 있다. 개선된 Snoop 프로토콜은 WZACK(Window Size Zero ACKnowledge Packet)을 이용하여 혼잡제어를 정지시킴으로써 비효율적인 혼잡제어를 막도록한다.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.43-58
• /
• 1998

Packet switch is a key component in high speed digital networks. This paper investigates congestion phenomena in the packet switching with input buffers. For large value of switch size N, mathematical models have been developed to analyze asymptotic maximum switch throughput under nonuniform traffic. Simulation study has also been done for small values of finite N. The rapid convergence of the switch performance with finite switch size to asymptotic solutions implies that asymptotic analytical solutions approximate very closely to maximum throughputs for reasonably large but finite N. Numerical examples show that non-uniformity in traffic pattern could result in serious degradation in packet switch performance, while the maximum switch throughput is 0.586 when the traffic load is uniform over the output trunks. Window scheduling policy seems to work only when the traffic is relatively uniformly distributed. As traffic non-uniformity increases, the effect of window size on throughput is getting mediocre.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.8C no.3
• /
• pp.335-344
• /
• 2001

최근 인터넷 환경이 반도체, 광통신 그리고 차세대 인터넷 기술의 발달로 고성능화 되어가고 있다. 따라서 고성능 인터넷을 위한 TCP의 성능 향상 연구가 매우 중요해졌다. 그러나 기존 TCP는 수신위도 버퍼의 물리적 크기에 의하여 최대 전송 성능과 대역폭 탐색 기능이 제한을 받는 구조적인 문제점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위하여 수신 호스트에 가상 윈도 개념을 도입하였다. 이는 송신 호스트가 RTT 동안 균일하게 세그먼트를 분산시켜서 패킷을 전송할 때 세그먼트 간격 시간 동안 수신 호스트의 처리 능력을 가상윈도로 나타내는 것이다. 따라서 가상 윈도의 크기는 수신 호스트의 성능에 비례하기 때문에 수신 호스트가 고성능일 경우 TCP의 전송 능력 성능이 더 높아질 수 있다. 초고속 인터넷일 경우 제안 알고리즘이 기존 TCP보다 전송능력에 있어 1.5∼5배 개선되는 것을 네트워크 시뮬레이션인 NS2를 이용하여 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 1998

In implementing real time video on demand(VOD), the increase of user on internet causes a network traffic congestion. In this paper, we programmed a CGI able to login in VOD home for limiting the number of user in solving the problem, and also applied and adaptive multimedia synchronization technique for controlling video and audio data in a network. In addition, a real time multimedia player was designed and implemented in a personal computer operating at Window95/98/NT.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.102-109
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we improve the performance of bidirectional TCP connection over end-to-end network that uses transfer rate-based flow and congestion control. The sharing of a common buffer by TCP packets and acknowledgement has been known to result in an effect called ack compression, where acks of a connection arrive at the source bunched together, resulting in unfairness and degraded throughput. The degradation in throughput due to bidirectional traffic can be significant. For example, even in the simple case of symmetrical connections with adequate window size, the connection efficiency is improved about 20% for three levels of background traffic 2.5Mbps, 5.0Mbps and 7.5Mbps. Otherwise, the throughput of jitter is reduced about 50% because round trip delay time is smaller between source node and destination node. Also, we show that throughput curve is improved with connection rate algorithm which is proposed for TCP congestion avoidance as a function of aggressiveness threshold for three levels of background traffic 2.5Mbps, 5Mbps and 7.5Mbps.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.12C no.4 s.100
• /
• pp.559-570
• /
• 2005

ECN is accurate in determining traffic congestion since it explicitly notifies the incipient congestion. Therefore, ECN method has been thoroughly studied in the field of wireless TCP. This paper introduces a formula to find the optimal threshold for ECN marking. We have implemented a Petri net model of 'TCP with ECN strategy' and performed simulations on it in order to verify the validity of the formula. We have also introduced ideas of applying the formula in practice. The primary contribution of this paper is proposing a formula to find the optimal threshold for ECN marking. However, introducing the Petri net model of 'TCP with ECN strategy' is no less valuable contribution because it can be helpfully used by the researchers in studying network protocols. We have built the Petri net model by modifying the existing Petri net model of TCP. In order to add ECN strategy to the existing model, we have mainly modified the network part. We have also modified sender part and receiver part as well.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.28-39
• /
• 2010

The study aims at offering a solution to the problems of transmission delay and data throughput decrease as the number of contending On-Board Units (OBU) increases by applying CSMA medium access control protocol based upon IEEE 802.11p. In a competition-based medium, contention probability becomes high as OBU increases. In order to improve the performance of this medium access layer, the author proposes EDCA which a adaptive adjustment of the Contention Windows (CW) considering traffic density and data type. EDCA applies fixed values of Minimum Contention Window (CWmin) and Maximum Contention Window (CWmax) for each of four kinds of Access Categories (AC) for channel-specific service differentiation. EDCA does not guarantee the channel-specific features and network state whereas it guarantees inter-AC differentiation by classifying into traffic features. Thus it is not possible to actively respond to a contention caused by network congestion occurring in a short moment in channel. As a solution, CWminAS(CWmin Adaptation Scheme) and ACATICT(Adaptive Contention window Adjustment Technique based on Individual Class Traffic) are proposed as active CW control techniques. In previous researches, the contention probabilities for each value of AC were not examined or a single channel based AC value was considered. And the channel-specific demands of IEEE 802.11p and the corresponding contention probabilities were not reflected in the studies. The study considers the collision number of a previous service section and the current network congestion proposes a dynamic control technique ACCW(Adaptive Control of Contention windows in considering the WAVE situation) for CW of the next channel.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2014

There have been company researches for TCP-Westwood algorithms in wireless TCP environment with high packet loss rate. Because the TCP-Westwood algorithm adjusts the congestion window according to the ABE(Available Bandwidth Estimation), the algorithm has a problem which the accuracy of ABE decreases as the error rate increases. To solve such a problem, the proposed scheme in this paper adopts the existing packet pattern based algorithm that the ABE is ignored when the arriving interval time of ACK is longer than a given interval time and uses new algorithm that the ABE is reallocated to a given allowable ABE when the ABE is over the allowable range. The proposed scheme shows the simulation result that the ABE is closest to the setting bandwidth for simulation compared to the existing algorithms.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2004

A congestion control algorithm to prevent buffer overflow in MSR(Mobility Support Router) for I-TCP is proposed. Due to high bit error rate and frequent hand-offs over wireless environment, the current congestion control scheme in TCP Reno over mixed(wired and wireless) network exhibits lower throughput than the throughput achieved over wired only network. I-TCP has been proposed to address this by splitting a TCP connection into two TCP connections over wired section and wireless section, respectively. However, buffer overflow in MSR may occur whenever there are excessive bit errors or frequent hand-offs. This may lead to the loss of packets acked by MSR(resident in buffer) to the sender, but not received by the receiver, breaking TCP end-to-end semantics. In this Paper, a new scheme is proposed to prevent the MSR buffer from overflow by introducing “flow control” between the sender and the MSR. Advertised window for the TCP connection between the sender and the MSR is tied to the remaining MSR buffer space, controlling the flow of packets to the MSR buffer before overflow occurs.