• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lifestyle factors on clothing purchase motives, information use, and selection criteria in male college students. The sample included 241 male college students, and an instrument was developed based on the previous studies. The statistical analyses used for this study were factor analysis and multiple regression. The result of factor analysis showed that lifestyle consisted of six factors : clothing interest, serif-confidence, social participation, planned clothing purchase, family-orientation, and conservativeness. Clothing purchase motives consisted of conspicuous consumption motives, fashion and individuality motives, and economic motives. Clothing information use consisted of four factors: paper/display, personal advice, fashion show/clothing observation, and electronic media. Finally. clothing selection criteria consisted of practicability, fashion/individuality, and conformity, Multip1e regression revealed that there were significant effects of lifestyle factors on clothing purchase motives, information use, and selection criteria. For example, self-confidence factor had a negative impact on conspicuous consumption motive, personal advice information use, and fashion/individuality criteria. The relative importance of lifestyle factors were different according to different dimensions of clothing purchase motives, information use, and selection criteria.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.627-640
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• 2018

Submetering electricity consumption data enables more detail input of end use components, such as lighting, plug, HVAC, and occupancy in building energy modeling. However, such an modeling efforts and results are rarely tried and published in terms of the estimation accuracy of electricity demand. In this research, actual submetering data obtained from a university building is analyzed and provided for building energy modeling practice. As alternative modeling cases, conventional modeling method (Case-1), using reference schedule per building usage, and main metering data based modeling method (Case-2) are established. Detail efforts are added to derive prototypical schedules from the metered data by introducing variability index. The simulation results revealed that Case-1 showed the largest error as we can expect. And Case-2 showed comparative error relative to Case-3 in terms of total electricity estimation. But Case-2 showed about two times larger error in CV (RMSE) in lighting energy demand due to lack of End Use consumption information.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-62
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• 2015

The purpose of the study was to investigate jean consumption among middle-aged Korean women and the characteristics of consumers as potential jean consumers. The data were collected from the survey of 238 Korean women aged 45 to 64 years old. The respondents prefer outlet store to other retail outlets and wear jeans mainly for travel, grocery shopping, and outing. The main reason for not wearing jeans is body change, which leads to poor fit in abdomen and waist area. The sample was clustered into two groups based on interest in jeans: high-interest and low-interest group. From the examination of group differences, the high-interest group rated conformity/brand reputation, scarcity, and attractiveness of appearance significantly higher compared to the low-interest group among the five clothing benefits pursued. No difference was found in obesity and body satisfaction. Group differences were found in recent purchase, price, number of jeans owned, and frequency of wearing jeans. The results suggest the characteristics of the potential jean market among middle-aged women in Korea. Implications are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the hairdo involvement and hairdo attitude influenced by clothing involvement. In addition, actual conditions of hairdo were investigated. The questionnaires were given to female residents in Seoul and Gyeong-gi province during September to October 2006. Four hundred and six questionnaires were used for data analysis. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 software with various techniques such as factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, cluster analysis, ANOVA test, Duncan test, frequency analysis and $X^2-test$. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The factors for clothing involvement were found to be interests and pleasure in clothes, coordination of clothes, symbolic representation, fashionableness, and risk awareness. The hairdo involvement factors were found to be interests and pleasure in hairdo, fashionableness, symbolic representation, risk awareness, and coordination of hairdo. The factors for attitude toward hairdo were found to be orientations toward leader's fashion conformity, distinct individuality, constancy, and consciousness of others. 2. According to the level of clothing involvement, three types of group were defined. When difference in the hairdo involvement was analyzed, all factors showed significant differences. When difference in the hairdo attitude was analyzed, significant differences were found in orientations toward leader's fashion conformity, distinct individuality and consciousness of others. 3. Reason for choosing hair style is 'it's because they wanted the hair style', 'it's easy to groom', 'it's what they usually choose'. Average hair grooming time is less than 5 minute had higher rate, and then less than 10 minute came second. The money spend on buying consumption goods for hair treatment per month had the highest rate on spending 10,000 to 20,000won and the source of information on hairdo had the highest rate on hairdresser. The reason for choosing hair saloon had the highest rate on hairdressing skill, which shows that people choose hair saloons which they can trust on hair saloon's hairdressing skill.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1137-1148
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences in clothing consumption behaviors among female consumer groups in their twenties and to understand the type of consumer group pursuing fast fashion. Questionnaire survey was conducted to 230 female consumers residing in Seoul and Kyung Gi area from June 18 to 29 in 2007, and 178 were used for data analysis. Data analysis were conducted with SPSS 12 program on the reliability test, factor analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test. Factors analyses were employed for the attitude toward fashion and shopping, and shopping motives. Four factors were formulated for the attitude toward fashion: interest in fashion, fashion-orientation, fashion leadership and fashion conformity. Six factors for the attitude toward shopping were found: information searching, shopping enjoyment, store patronage, impulse buying, brand-orientation and convenience. Buying motives for fashion goods were classified into 3 factors: for matching & occasion, to-be-in-fashion and for necessity. Four clusters were identified based on the attitude toward fashion: the fashion-interested, the fashion-indifferent, fashion leaders and the individuality-oriented. Among the groups, significant differences were found in information searching, shopping enjoyment and store patronage. Fashion leaders tended to spend more for expensive and up-to-dated fashion items, and for higher quantity than other groups. Consequently fashion leaders showed attractive customer characteristics for the fast fashion companies.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2016

Modern society is living in material affluence after the Industrial Revolution. Meanwhile, consumer needs, in conformity with product diversification, are also being diversified. Modern consumers, unlike those of the past, are trending towards individual consumption that satisfies emotion and values instead of simple goal-oriented consumption. A model case is that of Starbucks. Starbucks has grown into the global coffee franchise it is today through emotional marketing that sells an atmosphere that is unique to Starbucks, consisting of store decorations, store music, employee service, and charming coffee aromas that are identical in every store anywhere in the world. Because this method is marketing that stimulates human emotion, it is assigned to and appeals to human senses and sensitivity. In other words, the charm of emotion marketing is that it draws out consumer emotion, produces positive reactions towards products, and leads to consumption. The utilization of emotions for products or service differentiates brand image and is becoming a key method in reinforcing brand royalty. In particular, more importance is being placed on customer service to strongly impress consumers. Intangible service is becoming the best way to impress customers.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.578-584
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• 2021

This study comparatively analyzed the properties of hydration reaction and strength development of four types of pond ash(PA) and fly ash(FA), aiming for the effective use of PA. The PA whose chlorine content was highest due to the seawater movement method had a faster setting time, higher cumulative heat, and greater initial strength development than those of FA due to the acceleration of the cement hydration reaction. However, the activity factor increase rate decreased after seven days of curing due to the rapid generation of early hydrates. The PA that contained impurities, such as a large amount of unburned carbon, had a delayed setting time due to the lower hydration reaction. Moreover, the strength was degraded in all curing ages. The PA whose chlorine content was lower due to the freshwater movement method and the amorphous content exhibited similar hydration reactivity and strength development characteristics compared to that of FA. The thermogravimetric analysis results verified that it had a similar level of Ca(OH)₂ consumption and pozzolanic reactivity with that of FA. Conclusively, it is necessary to expand the application of the freshwater movement method and manage the ignition loss to raise PA's usability.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine residual characteristics of soil-treated metalaxyl-M and dinotefuran in crown daisy and to evaluate the risks from intake of the residual pesticides in the crop. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pesticide granules were treated in soil on two levels, and the plants samples were collected 51 days after seeding. The analytes were extracted and partitioned using the QuEChERS extraction packet (MgSO₄ 4 g, NaCl 1 g). The quantitative methods for metalaxyl-M and dinotefuran were validated in linearity, accuracy, and precision. Risk assessments of the pesticides were performed using Korea national nutrition statistics 2019. CONCLUSION(S): The residual concentrations of metalaxyl-M in crown daisy were 0.09-0.10 mg/kg (for the treatment at 6 kg/10 a) and 0.17-0.19 mg/kg (12 kg/10 a), respectively. The residual concentrations of dinotefuran in the crop were 0.53-0.75 mg/kg (3 kg/10 a) and 1.17-1.26 mg/kg (6 kg/10 a). The amounts of pesticides were less than MRL (Maximum Residue Limits) according to the Korean MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). The HI (Hazard Index) of metalaxyl-M and dinotefuran for consumers was 0.0075% and 0.2250%, respectively. For females in the age between 50-64, the major consumer group, the HIs of the pesticides were <3%. Considering the consumption of crown daisy, they are not considered to be of toxicological concern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1956-1964
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• 2009

Understanding ethical fashion consumers in Korea is essential for the expansion of the ethical fashion market. This study analyzed ethical consumers in Korea in an examination of the factors that influence ethical purchase behavior and attitudes. The differences between ethical fashion consumers and non-ethical fashion consumers were investigated using eight variables (perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), self-direction, benevolence, universalism, social responsibility, perceived behavioral control, face saving, and group conformity). Data were collected by means of a questionnaire through both on-line and off-line surveys from April 20 to June 7, 2009. Only the respondents knowledgeable of ethical products or ethical consumption were asked to complete the questionnaire. A total of 494 samples were used for analyses. Using independent samples t-test, the differences in each variable between two groups were examined. There were significant differences between ethical fashion consumers and non-ethical fashion consumers in attitudes toward ethical consumption behavior, behavioral intention, PCE, self-direction, universalism, social responsibility, and face saving variables. The factors influencing attitude and behavior intention were investigated by step-wise regression analyses. For ethical fashion consumers, the attitudes to ethical consumption behavior were largely influenced by PCE and benevolence. Social responsibility was the most predictable variable in guiding behavioral intention. Behavioral intention was also influenced by benevolence and attitude. Group conformity was found to be negatively correlated with behavioral intention. The findings of this study provide significant guidance for marketers of ethical fashion products. This study is the start of ethical fashion consumer research in Korea and can develop into variable subfields in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.15-30
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to identify the Chinese university students' clothing attitudes and purchasing behavior according to their lifestyle. Questionnaires developed by researcher were distributed and collected from 540 Chinese university students from Mar. 5 to Mar. 20, 2001. Means, frequencies, and percentages were calculated. Factor analysis, cluster analysis. one-way ANOVA, and Chi-square test were used for data analysis. And Duncan's multiple range test was followed. The factors of lifestyle were consumption, self-confidence, economy, accomplishment. sociability. fashionability, individuality, and conservation. Chinese university students were segmented into 4 groups of the modern sociable, the passive stagnated, the positive progresive, and the traditional conservative. The group size of the modem sociable was the smallest, and the traditional conservative was the largest. Chinese university students considered sexual attractiveness of clothing most important. Psychological dependence and ostentation of clothing were next important in a decending order. The passive stagnated considered conformity of clothing most important and showed the opposite tendency of the modern socialable. The positive progressive considered all aspects of clothing attitudes important, and showed the opposite tendency of the traditional conservative. Chinese university students utilized direct fashion information sources, and patronized medium or small size department store or traditional market.