• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.585-595
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• 2001

A second-order response surface model is often used to approximate the relationship between a response factor and a set of explanatory factors. In this article, we deal with canonical analysis in response surface models. For the interpretation of the geometry of second-order response surface model, standard errors and confidence intervals for the eigenvalues of the second-order coefficient matrix play an important role. If the confidence interval for some eigenvalue includes 0 or the estimate of some eigenvalue is very small (near to 0) with respect to other eigenvalues, then we are able to delete the corresponding canonical factor. We propose a formulation of criterion which can be used to select canonical factors. This criterion is based on the IMSE(=Integrated Mean Squared Error). As a result of this method, we may approximately write the canonical factors as a set of some important explanatory factors.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.164-172
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor size for 5-year survival rate in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,697 patients with gastric cancer, who underwent potentially curative gastrectomy, were evaluated. Patients were divided into 4 groups as follows, according to the median size of early and advanced gastric cancer, respectively: small early gastric cancer (tumor size ${\leq}3$ cm), large early gastric cancer (tumor size >3 cm), small advanced gastric cancer (tumor size ${\leq}$ 6 cm), and large advanced gastric cancer (tumor size >6 cm). The prognostic value of tumor size for 5-year survival rate was investigated. Results: In a univariate analysis, tumor size is a significant prognostic factor in advanced gastric cancer, but not in early gastric cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for 5-year survival rate in advanced gastric cancer (P=0.003, hazard ratio=1.372, 95% confidence interval=1.115~1.690). When advanced gastric cancer is subdivided into 2 groups, according to serosa invasion: Group 1; serosa negative (T2 and T3, 7th AJCC), and Group 2; serosa positive (T4a and T4b, 7th AJCC), tumor size is an independent prognostic factor in Group 1 (P=0.011, hazard ratio=1.810, 95% confidence interval=1.149~2.852) and in Group 2 (P=0.033, hazard ratio=1.288, 95% confidence interval=1.020~1.627), respectively. Conclusions: Tumor size is an independent prognostic factor in advanced gastric cancer irrespective of the serosa invasion, but not in early gastric cancer.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 2016

This study surveyed recognition and purchase decision factors related organic food in housewives with young children. The most common reason for purchasing was "environmental-friendly" with 47.6%. When checking food labels, "nutritional ingredients" was the most considered (29.5%). Preference levels for organic food were in the following order: grains (26.8%) > vegetables (23.7%) > dairy (16.9%) > root and tuber crops (14.0%) > fruits (6.0%). For awareness of quality of organic food, the highest awareness factor was "safer than normal food" at $3.91{\pm}0.72$. For awareness of confidence in organic food, the highest awareness factor was "good for health" at $4.11{\pm}0.68$. For awareness of satisfaction of organic food, the highest awareness factor was "origin labeling" at $4.02{\pm}0.76$. Regarding awareness of purchasing intention of organic food, the highest awareness factor was "I will purchase organic food as possible as I can" at $4.02{\pm}0.79$. In the correlation analysis, confidence and satisfaction displayed the highest correlation (0.640), and there were other significant correlations between value/purchasing intention (0.586), confidence/purchasing intention (0.560), and satisfaction/purchasing intention (0.575). Further, the analysis showed that among value, quality, and price, only value had direct influence on the purchasing intention.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.909-916
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• 2011

This study explored the differences in consumer characteristics-consumer self-confidence, attitude toward, trust and purchase intention for secondhand fashion goods, self-confidence in fashion coordination, price sensitivity for fashion product, and environment conservation consciousness-according to purchasing experience of secondhand fashion goods. A set of questionnaire was administered to 400 university students in Daegu from 18 to 28 April 2011. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, frequency, t-tests. Secondhand fashion goods shoppers were 135(37%) and non-shoppers were 230(63%). The difference analysis results between the two groups were as follows. First, in consumer self-confidence, shoppers showed higher than non-shoppers except persuasion knowledge, and there was no difference in marketplace interfaces between the two groups. Second, there were significant differences in attitude toward secondhand fashion goods, trust and purchase intention for secondhand fashion goods between the two groups. Third, shoppers had higher self-confidence in fashion coordination than non-shoppers, but there was no difference in environment conservation consciousness and price sensitivity for fashion product between the two groups. For future study, it is suggested to find out more general characteristics of secondhand fashion goods shoppers covering other age brackets.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between academic achievement, clinical competence, and confidence in the clinical performance of nursing students, and to identify factors that influence them. Methods: This was a descriptive correlation study. Data were collected from 118 nursing students at a nursing college in Seoul. One-way variance analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine relationships between academic achievement, clinical competence, and confidence in clinical performance. Results: Clinical competence was related to academic achievement in students' previous semester and to students' academic scores in a fundamental of nursing course. Clinical competence showed a weak positive correlation with academic achievement in students' previous semester and academic scores in a fundamental of nursing course in both evaluations by the professor and students' self-evaluations. However, confidence in clinical performance had no significant correlation with academic achievement. The factor affecting the clinical competence was academic scores in a fundamental of nursing course, and factors affecting confidence in clinical performance were health status, personality, major suitability, and class satisfaction in a fundamental of nursing skills course. Conclusion: These findings indicate that students with high academic achievement have better clinical performance, but confidence in clinical performance is not related to academic achievement.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.479-496
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• 2003

We investigate logit confidence intervals for the odds ratio based on the delta method. These intervals are constructed using pseudo-Bayes estimators. The Gart method and Agresti method smooth the observed counts toward the model of equiprobability and independence, respectively. We obtain better coverage probability by smoothing the observed counts toward the pseudo-Bayes estimators in 2$\times$2 table. We also improve legit confidence intervals in 2$\times$2$\times$K tables by generalizing these ideas. Utilizing pseudo-Bayes estimators, we obtain better coverage probability by smoothing the observed counts toward the conditional independence model, no three-factor interaction model and saturated model in 2$\times$2$\times$K tables.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2015

Many advanced treatment processes have been introduced to WTPs, however, the consumer confidence on tap water is still low and the percentage of drinking water directly from the tap is less than 2 %. One of the methods to improve the credibility of tap water is to introduce a drinking water certification system. By introducing the system, water treatment processes can be optimized, which in turn, can significantly improve drinking water quality. In this paper, 6 water quality parameters(i.e., turbidity, CT, residual chlorine, geosmin, 2-MIB, Mn) which have significant influences on tap water quality and consumer confidence were identified, and their recommended guidelines were proposed. 3-Star or 5-Star certification can be awarded to the WTPs which have met the certification criteria. The drinking water certification system can be carried out as a voluntary program among drinking water suppliers.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.333-345
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• 1993

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.559-569
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among role Perception, coaching behavior and coaching confidence of Judo coaches. Using a convenience sampling method, 196 coaches in judo from registered in Korea Jodo Association. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlations analysis and structural equation model analysis were executed using IBM SPSS Statistics v21 and IBM SPSS Amos v21. As the results, the following conclusion was derived. First, it was discovered that the Role Perception had influence to the Coaching Behavior. Second, it showed that the Role Perception gave influence to the coaching confidence. Third, it showed that the Coaching Behavior affected the coaching confidence.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

Purpose : This study compared before and after emergency patient evaluation education of the 1st graders at the department emergency medical technology(EMT) students, and analyzed its effects on patient evaluation ability after education. The aims of this study was to develop effective educational program and to provide basic materials for its educational method. Methods : This study was carried out by 66 first graders attending the department of emergency medical technology(EMT) at a college in G province and data were collected from Apr. 1 to 2, 2009. The questionnaire consisted of knowledge of emergent patient evaluation, academic self-efficacy, and technical performance after emergent patient evaluation education. We analyzed the influence of knowledge and academic self-efficacy on accurate technical performance with SPSS 14.0 version. Results : 1. In knowledge score, it was 9.27 before education and increased to 35.19 after education and that there was statistically significant difference. In academic self-efficacy, task difficulty preference scored 2.73 before education and 3.97 after education, self-control efficacy scored 2.84 before education and 4.05 after education, self-confidence scored 2.45 before education and 4.21 after education. There were statistically significant increases after education. Technical performance scored 0.00 before education, but it scored 18.78 after education and there was statistically significant increase after education. 2. In sex as one of general characteristics, self-confidence which was sub-factor of academic self-efficacy scored higher in male students(4.28) than in female students(4.10). There was statistically significant difference(p < 0.05). 3. Knowledge had positive correlation with self-control efficacy which was the sub-factor of academic self-efficacy(r = 0.249, p < 0.05) and self-confidence which is the sub-factor of academic self-efficacy had the positive correlation with technical performance(r = 0.258, p < 0.05). 4. Self-confidence which was the sub-factor of academic self-efficacy(B = 0.372, p < 0.05) had statistically significant influence on technical performance. ability of self-confidence to explain technical performance(R2) was 11.10%. Conclusion : From the results of this study, it is necessary that EMT students should learn professional first aid, accurate patient evaluation through self-efficacy development.