• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Background and Objectives : The aim of this study is verify the correlation between benign laryngeal mucosal disease and metabolic syndrome. Materials and Method : Data for patients diagnosed with benign laryngeal mucosal disease and metabolic syndrome from 2006 to 2015 were selected for analysis from the National Health Insurance Service database. Results : The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome was 2,179,785 out of 6,437,051 patients (33.86%). The prevalence of benign laryngeal mucosal disease was 516,594 out of 6,437,051 patients (8.03%). Metabolic syndrome was a risk factor for benign laryngeal mucosal disease [hazard ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.984-0.997] after adjusting for age and other variables including age, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, exercise, body mass index, and diabetes. The number of metabolic syndrome components was also risk factor. Conclusion : Metabolic syndrome was related to the incidence of benign laryngeal mucosal disease. However this correlation did not seem to be high.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2022

Purpose: There is inconsistent evidence about the association between fetal nuchal cord and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether fetal nuchal cord is associated with an increased risk of ASD in offspring. Methods: Three main English databases were searched until January 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Study heterogeneity was determined using the I 2 statistic, while publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and relative ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and were determined by a random-effects model. Results: Five articles (1 cohort, 4 case-control; 3,088 total children) were included in the present meta-analysis. Fetal nuchal cord was not a risk factor for ASD (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.66-1.57). There was homogeneity among studies that reported a risk of ASD (I²=0.0%). Conclusion: Our results showed that fetal nuchal cord is not a risk factor for ASD. Future large cohort studies should confirm this finding.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2022

Purpose: Infantile colic, a common functional gastrointestinal condition, causes distress and frustration in families. Its prevalence and incidence vary from community to community. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the incidence of and factors associated with infantile colic in Thai infants. Methods: We conducted a prospective analytic study to explore the incidence and factors associated with infantile colic in 386 Thai infants aged between one month and six months. Caregivers were interviewed using a questionnaire about infants' symptoms of colic based on the definition from the Rome IV criteria. Family background and potential precipitating factors of colic were also evaluated. Results: The incidence of colic in infants younger than 6 months was 6.5%. All infants' colic started within 12 weeks of life and lasted approximately 6 weeks. Sex, gestational age, birth weight, delivery route, birth order, family factors, and parental factors were not correlated with the occurrence of colic. Infants who were exclusively breastfed for the first 2 months of life had a lower incidence of infantile colic than those who were mixed- or formula-fed (odds ratio=3.0; 95% confidence intervals=1.3 to 7.2). Conclusion: The incidence of infantile colic in Thai infants in our study was 6.5%, which is similar to that in other reports. Being exclusively breastfed for the first two months was the only risk factor in our cohort.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2022

This study was undertaken to assess the potential of body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor for massive hemorrhage (MH) after cesarean section (CS) in patients with placenta previa. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent CS for placenta previa between January 2010 and December 2018. MH was defined as an estimated blood loss ≥2,000 mL during surgery. Clinical characteristics, including BMI, were compared between the groups with and without MH. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent risk factors for MH. A total of 189 patients were included in this study. MH was observed in 28 patients (14.8%). According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis results, the risk factors independently associated with MH were BMI at delivery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.35; P=0.012), placenta accrete (aOR, 24.55; 95% CI, 2.75-219.02; P=0.004), and total previa degree (aOR, 9.86; 95% CI, 2.71-35.96; P=0.001). The study findings showed that maternal obesity, namely a higher BMI at delivery, was an independent risk factor for MH after CS in patients with placenta previa. Close attention should be paid to the potential risk of hemorrhage associated with maternal obesity as well as the well-known risk factors of placenta accreta and total previa degree.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a recognition scale for childcare teachers' rights. Methods: Statistical methods for data analysis involved the use of SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. To confirm the reliability and validity of the developed scale, various analyses, including item quality assessment, item discrimination, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis, were conducted. The maximum likelihood estimation method was employed for model fitting. Goodness of fit was assessed using SRMR, RMSEA and its 90% confidence interval, CFI, and TLI. Through these analyses, the scale's reliability and validity exceeded the standard. Consequently, 5 factors and 30 questions were ultimately selected as the recognition scale for childcare teachers' rights. Results: First, a recognition scale for childcare teachers' rights was developed to reflect changes in childcare settings. Second, an objective measurement was incorporated into the recognition scale of childcare teachers' rights. Third, the analysis using the proposed scale revealed a correlation between the recognition of childcare teachers' rights and life satisfaction. Conclusion/Implications: The study developed a scale capable of objectively measuring the recognition of childcare teachers' rights.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.713-723
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• 2008

Science teaching-anxiety and science teaching-efficacy are influential factors in teachers' teaching practices and behaviors. In order to encourage elementary teachers to do better teaching practice, this study identified factors that have caused teachers' science teaching-anxiety, developed an instrument measuring science teaching-anxiety, and investigated the relationship between science teaching-anxiety and science teaching-efficacy. In addition, we attempted to suggest practical implications to enhance teachers' confidence in science teaching. The guiding research questions were 1) which factors affect science teaching-anxiety level of the preservice elementary teachers, and 2) how each factor of science teaching-anxiety is related to science teaching-efficacy. The subjects were 133 Korean preservice elementary teachers (57.1% were female) in a large city. The data sources included teachers' responses to three paper and pencil questionnaires: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Science Teaching-Anxiety Questionnaire (STAQ), and Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI-B). To clarify the science teaching-anxiety, we specified it into six factors: trait anxiety about nature of science and science teaching, state anxiety about instruction, science activities, student assessment, and professional responsibilities. The results indicated three significant aspects of science teaching anxiety and efficacy. First, their level of anxiety about professional responsibility and science teaching was relatively high among six factors. Second, there was a negative correlation between science teaching-anxiety and science teaching-efficacy. Third, trait anxiety about science teaching is the most influential factor for science teaching-efficacy while state anxiety about instruction and professional responsibilities were followed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.831-842
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for activities of dally living (ADL). The Task Self-Efficacy Scale was developed by Roberts(1996) for low-intensity exercise study with older people to predict their performance of ADL. The scale was translated and back translated by bilingual persons, and then was modified to resolve variations in the translations. The Korean version of Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL was then administered to 193 elderly people including 95 hospitalized patients and 98 outpatients or healthy people. Face to face interview was used to fill out the structured questionnaire, and each interview took approximately 30 minutes. The subjects for the study were 80 women and 112 men with an age range of 65 to 95 years(M=71 years) of whom 82.6% classified themselves as moderate or quite active Most subjects(80.2%) had an education level of elementary school or less. The Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL is measured on a 0 to 10 VAS, assessing three areas of ADL : self care activities, household tasks, and motor tasks. The higher the score is, the higher person's confidence in performing ADL. Psychometric testing revealed that the scale was found to be internally consistent, showing a Cronbach's alpha of .97 The scale was significantly correlated with subjects' level of activity and subjective assessment of their health status. Moderate correlation with health-related hardiness scale also supported the validity. Factor analysis was performed to confirm whether the scale represents the three sub-areas as suggested in the literature. The results of the factor analysis led to a three factor solution according to Kaiser's criterion, but the items were not strongly and cleanly loaded for the third factor. This can be explained in that, among the three sub-ADL areas of the self-efficacy scale, the areas of self care activities and household tasks seem to have similar levels of difficulty in performance with not enough differences for the self-efficacy scale to distinguish between the two areas. Therefore, one factor solution was suggested since ADL can be seen as a unit of activities at similar level of difficulty in performance. One factor solution explained 68.1% of variance of the 19-item scale and all items were correlated over .6 with the factor, showing that the selected factor solution fits the model. The results indicated that the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL was reliable and valid in producing useful information to evaluate the effects of various interventions toward promoting health and quality of life for elderly people.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.651-660
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the degrees and the influence factors of job satisfaction of dietitians working in hospitals in relation to performance of duty in their works and to provide effective management of hospital dietitians for high quality health and food service in hospital. The questionaire was prepared with reference to the previous studies on job satisfaction of dietitians working in hospitals throughout the nation. 201 dietitians in the country were surveyed. The period of research was from January 20 to February 28, 1995. The results are as follows. 1) In regard to the degree of job satisfaction of hospital dietitians, they showed the highest degree of job satisfaction in the relationships with fellow dietitians followed by worth and self-confidence, aptitude and interests, relationships with cooks, job stability, degree of recognition of the dietitians competence, supervision of the superiors, degree of application of professional knowledge, work load, wage level, degree of recognition of the importance of duty, cooperative relationships with load, wage level, degree of recognition of the importance of duty, cooperative relationships with doctors, degree of performance of clinical work, the number of dietitians, the prromotion system, and welfare system in that order. On the other hand, they showed the highest dissatisfaction with food service facilities. 2) The influence factors on job satisfaction are as follows. (1) Wage factor : Shorter weekday working hours and higher bonuses make greaster job satisfaction (R2=0.3115). (2) Working condition factor : Larger number of monthly holidays(R2=0.5142), shorter weekday working hours(R2=0.1077), longer previous food service experience and computer utilization (R2=0.1432) make greater job satisfaction. (3) Welfare factor : Welfare system (R2=0.4132) and promotion system (R2=0.1624) have to do with computer utilization. Job stability has to do with marital status and computer utilization (R2=0.1165). consequently, those married dietitians who use computers show higher job satisfaction. (4) Human relationship factor : Smaller mumber of patients receiving food makes greater job satisfaction (R2=0.1334). (5) Superivision factor : Shorter weekday working hours and larger number of monthly holidays make greater job satisfaction (R2=0.1709). (6) Achievement factor : Marriage, larger number of dietitians(R2=9.2293), age, larger number of monthly holiday, higher monthly wages and computer utiliazation (R2=0.1088) make greater job satisfaction. (7) Speciality factor : Marriage, longer current hospital tenure, higher position and working in seoul(R2=0.1142) make higher job satisfaction. (8) Job inclination factor : working in general hospitals rather than in oriental hispitals, working in seoul(R2=0.1776) and better bonuses(R2=0.1078)make greater job satisfaction. As a result, the following is suggested for the job satisfaction of hospital dietitions on the basis of this study : hospital dietitians can achieve miximum job satisfaction through smooth relationships with coworkers, and the responsible managers should improve welfare and working conditions for the job satisfaction of hospital dietitians.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.12 s.159
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• pp.1778-1787
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• 2006

Appearance concern of elderly women has been rapidly increasing with the expansion in aesthetic desire for growing old gracefully and pursuing a healthy and qualitative life. In this regard, the cosmetic industry has great possibilities and it is necessary to develop actively elderly women-oriented silver marketing. The purpose of this study was to review well-being disposition and appearance concern of elderly women. Furthermore, this study investigated the influence of well-being disposition and appearance concern on cosmetic purchase intention and brand loyalty. The sample of this research consisted of 209 elderly women over 55, which was selected from Seoul and the metropolitan area. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, the analysis of confidence level and regression analysis were used for the data analysis using SPSS. The study results showed that the factor of well-being disposition for elderly woman can be classified into an environment-oriented factor, an life satisfication factor and a physical health factor. In addition, the factor of appearance concern can be classified into 3 factors: serious consideration of appearance, appearance care and skin care. Among these factors, the physical health factor of well-being disposition and the factor for serious consideration of appearance related to appearance concern had effects on cosmetic purchase intention, which fumed out to be a potent influence on brand loyalty.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.28-35
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• 2000

The quality factor and the seismic source parameters such as the $\chi$ corner frequency and the stress drop were estimated from the small-to-medium instrumental earthquake data in south Korea. The Q facter with 95% confidence level ranges from 1519 to 2158. The regression equation of $\chi$in terms of epicentral distance R, is obtained as $\chi$=0.006717+0.00015R. And the stress drop is estimated as 50 bar which is similar to the previous results carried out by independent researchers. Artificial ground motions were simulated using the estimated earthquake parameter values and compared with real earthquake, The simulated response spectrum is very similar to real one.