• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권6호
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• pp.768-777
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• 2006

이 연구는 지리산 국립공원 방문자를 대상으로 경관선호 모델을 형성하기 위하여, 지리산 경관과 영국의 케이른고럼스 경관의 선택적 상황에서 경관선호를 결정하게 하는 요소로서 시각적 경관 요소와 더불어 경관자체의 효과를 검증하는 조건부 로짓모델을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 선택적 상황에 따른 경관선호를 측정하기 위하여 지리산 국립공원을 방문한 탐방객에 대하여 영국의 케이른고럼스 국립공원의 경관사진과 지리산 경관사진을 쌍체로 배열한 사진설문조사를 실시하였다. 시각적 경관의 구성요소는 디지털사진측정의 과정을 거쳐 상호 수직적인 주요인들로 축약되어, 모델의 설명변수로 사용되었다. 연구의 결과, 시각적 경관의 구성요소만으로 형성되는 일반조건부로짓모델은 비유관대안도립성(IIA)의 가정을 충족하지 못하고, 모델의 설명력이 낮게 나타났다(${\rho}^2=0.06$). 반면, 대안특성상수(ASC)로서 표현되는 경관자체의 효과를 포함하는 혼합조건부로짓모델은 비유관대안독립성(IIA)의 가정을 충족하였고, 모델의 적합성 또한 양호하게 나타났다(${\rho}^2=0.25$). 이는 경관선호모델에 있어서 선호의 요인으로써 시각적 경관의 구성요소 뿐만 아니라, 경관자체의 효과를 포함하는 혼합조건부로짓모델이 적합한 것으로 해석된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.333-354
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• 2008

This study aimed to investigate the role of domain-specific causal mechanism information and domain-general conditional probability in young children's causal reasoning on psychology and biology. Participants were 121 3-year-olds and 121 4-year-olds recruited from seven childcare centers in Seoul, Kyonggi Province, and Busan. After participants watched moving pictures on psychological and biological phenomena, they were asked to choose appropriate cause and justify their choices. Results of this study were as follows: First, young children made different inferences according to domain-specific causal mechanisms. Second, the developmental level of causal mechanisms has a gap between psychology and biology, and biological knowledge was proved to be separate from psychological knowledge during the preschool period. Third, young children's causal reasoning was different depending on the interaction effect of domain-specific mechanisms and domain-general conditional probability: children could make more inferences based on domain-specific causal mechanisms if conditional probability between domain-appropriate cause and effect was evident. To conclude, it can be inferred that the role of domain-specific causal mechanisms and domain-general conditional probability is not competitive but complementary in young children's causal reasoning.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.243-269
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• 2008

The role of domain-specific causal mechanism information and domain-general conditional probability in young children's causal reasoning on physics and psychology was investigated with the participation of 121 3-year-olds and 121 4-year-olds recruited from seven child care centers in Seoul, Kyonggi Province, and Busan. Children watched moving pictures on physical and psychological phenomena, and were asked to choose an appropriate cause and justify their choice. Results showed that young children's causal reasoning differed depending on domain-specific mechanism. In addition, their causal reasoning on physics and psychology differed by the developmental level of causal mechanism. The interaction of domain-specific mechanism and domain-general conditional probability influenced children's causal reasoning : evident conditional probability between domain-appropriate cause and effect helped children make more inferences based on domain-specific causal mechanism.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2021

The main objective of this article is to investigate the existence of the lunar effect during the full moon period (FM period) and the new moon period (NM period) on the selected Islamic stock market returns and volatilities. For this purpose, the Ordinary Least Squares model, Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity model, Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity model and Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity-in-Mean model are employed using the mean daily returns data between January 2010 and December 2019. Next, the log-likelihood, Akaike Information Criterion and Schwarz Information Criterion value are analyzed to determine the best models for explaining the returns and volatility of returns. The empirical results have deduced that, during the NM period, excluding Malaysia, the total mean daily returns for all of the selected countries have increased mean daily returns in contrast to the mean daily returns during the FM period. The volatility shocks are intense and conditional volatility is persistent in all countries. Subsequently, the volatility behavior tends to have lower volatility during the FM period and NM period in the Islamic stock market, except Malaysia. This article also concluded that the ARCH (1) model is the preferred model for stock returns whereas GARCH-M (1, 1) is preferred for the volatility of returns.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 Yoo와 Cook (2007)에 의하여 제시된 다변량 회귀의 조건부 평균에 대한 최소 불일치 함수 접근법을 통한 최적 차원축소 부분공간의 추정에서 차원의 수가 추정된 선형결합들과 설명력 등에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 시뮬레이션 자료를 통하여 알아보았다. 그 결과 추정에 사용된 차원수에 따른 여러 결과들을 차원결정을 위한 검정과 함께 활용하면 모형에 필요한 차원수를 탐색하는데 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper examined the role of conditional value in the green automotive industry. The relationships of conditional value's four factors, consumers' attitudes and consumers' intention to purchase green cars were investigated. The conditional value was extended by examining the effect of fuel prices. Research design, data, and methodology: This study is quantitatively designed. All variables were measured using a 7-point Likert-scale; 425 questionnaires were collected from the respondents in Malaysia. SmartPLS was utilized to examine the proposed nine hypotheses. Result: The results demonstrate a positive relationship between attitude and intention toward green cars. Additionally, the results of the relationships were as follows: fuel prices was the most significant predictor of Malaysian consumers' attitudes and consumers' intention to purchase green cars, followed by environmental consequences and government policy. However, retail sales promotions did not show a significant effect on both consumers' attitudes and intentions. Conclusion: The study's findings suggest that the Malaysian government should implement an integrated package that includes a fuel pricing policy that restricts the purchase of non-green cars, as well as a set of financial incentives for purchasing green cars. Moreover, it is valuable to conduct public awareness campaigns about the negative consequences of current consumption patterns.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2022

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 학습민첩성과 폐기학습, 학습몰입 관계에서 성별에 따른 조건부 효과를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 265명 대학생에게 수집한 데이터를 바탕으로 Process v3.5 for SPSS를 활용하여 연구모델의 조건부 효과 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 대학생의 학습민첩성은 폐기학습과 학습몰입에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생의 학습민첩성이 학습몰입에 미치는 효과는 성별에 따라 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나, 조절된 효과는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 셋째, 대학생의 학습민첩성과 학습몰입 간 관계에서 성별에 따른 폐기학습의 조절된 매개효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 대학교육의 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 2008

Sequential Sensitivity Analysis (SSA) and conditional stimulus model have been developed to describe sequence effects in difference tests and proposed to generate prediction of differences in sensitivity between various test protocols and to assist the appropriate selection of difference test. Yet, such models did not furnish a complete explanation of the relative sensitivity in 4 different versions of 3-alternative forced choice (AFC) tests where various interstimulus rinses were introduced. In the present study, the vector of the contrasts between various conditional stimuli were measured using same-different and 2-AFC and a new 16-distribution conditional stimulus model was developed by refining Lee and O'Mahony's contrast model. This new model gave superior predictions than previous models.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 1990

짝짓기 방법은 교란변수를 통제하기 가장 좋은 방법으로 알려져 있으나, 모수추정시 그 계산방법이 복잡하고, 포함된 모든 정보를 이용할 수 없다는 단점을 갖고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, conditional 모델을 이용한 matched 분석법은 짝지은 자료 분석시 가장 좋은 방법으로 인정되고 있다. 그러나 명확한 confounding 현상을 통제할 목적이 아닌 상태에서 짝지워진 자료를 matched 분석법으로 모수추정하는 경우나, 올바로 짝지워진 자료를 분석법의 편이성 때문에 unmatched 분석을 시도하는 경우, 오히려 estimation bias가 야기될 수 있다. 이러한 estimation bias의 통제능력을 몇 가지 분석방법을 이용하여 비교하고자, 1:2로 대응된 한 환자-대조군 자료를 이용하여 Mantel-Haenszel 분석법, 두가지의 unconditional model을 이용한 다변량분석법의 결과를 conditional model을 이용한 matched 분석법의 결과와 비교하였다. 1. Matched 분석법의 대용방법으로 사용된 세 가지 방법들은 모수추정면에서나 가설검정능력면에서 차이를 서로 보이지 않았다. 2. 짝짓기에 사용된 변수가 분석자료내에서 confounder나 effect modifier로 작용되지 않았음이 명백한 경우에는 이들 세 가지 통제 방법과 matched 분석법간에 차이가 없었다. 3. 짝짓기에 사용된 변수가 분석자료내에서 effect modifier로 작용하지는 않았으나, Confounder로 작용한 것으로 추정되는 경우, unmatched 분석법으로 인해 야기된 estimation bias의 통제능력이 이들 세 가지 대용방안 모두에서 인정되었다. 4. 짝짓기에 사용된 변수가 분석자료내에서 effect modifier로 작용하고 있음을 직접 확인할 수 있는 경우에는, overmatching에 의한 estimation bias를 의심할 수 있었으며, 이들 세 가지 통제방법은 오히려 unmatched 분석 방법에 가까운 모수를 추정하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2020

Past literatures have not studied the impact of real-world events or information on the return and volatility of virtual currencies, particularly on the COVID-19 event, day-of-the-week effect, daily high-low price spreads and information flow rate. The study uses the ARMA-GARCH model to capture Bitcoin's return and conditional volatility, and explores the impact of information flow rate on conditional volatility in the Bitcoin market based on the Mixture Distribution Hypothesis (Clark, 1973). There were 3,064 samples collected during the period from 1^st of January 2012 to 20^th April, 2020. Empirical results show that in the Bitcoin market, a daily high-low price spread has a significant inverse relationship for daily return, and information flow rate has a significant positive relationship for condition volatility. The study supports a significant negative relationship between information asymmetry and daily return, and there is a significant positive relationship between daily trading volume and condition volatility. When Bitcoin trades on Saturday & Sunday, there is a significant reverse relationship for conditional volatility and there exists a day-of-the-week volatility effect. Under the impact of COVID-19 event, Bitcoin's condition volatility has increased significantly, indicating the risk of price changes. Finally, the Bitcoin's return has no impact on COVID-19 events and holidays (Saturday & Sunday).