• 생약학회지
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• 제32권1호통권124호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2001

For the use of tannins in the whitening-effect cosmetics, inhibitory effect against tyrosinase activity was determined. Three condensed tannins including gallocatechin, gallocatechin 3',4'-di-O-gallate and epicatechin 3-O-gallate and three hydrolyzable tannins, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucose, 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose and pedunculagin showed 15-29% mild inhibitory effects against tyrosinase activity.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.354-357
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• 2000

Two ellagitannins, pedunculagin and 2,3-(S)-Hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP)-D -glucose and three condensed tannins, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B-4 which were isolated from Rubus coreanum were evaluated for their antioxidative effects with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation generation system mediated by addition of $H_2O$$_2$to rat liver homogenate (TBARS). The ellagitannins, 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose and pedunculagin, showed more potent antioxidative activities by DPPH and TBARS than condensed tannins.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.477-481
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• 1996

바나나 과실을 시중에서 구입하여 미숙과실과 황숙과실로 구별하고 이것들을 과육부분과 과피부분으로 나누어서 동결건조 및 열풍건조시켜 실험 시료로서 사용하였다. 탄닌 함량을 분석한 결과 황숙과실 보다도 미숙과실에서 높았으며, 과육보다는 과피에서 열풍건조 보다는 동결건조시킨 시료에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 탄닌의 분획은 Sephadex LH-20칼럼을 사용하여 분획하였다. 바나나 과실에 함유하고 있는 탄닌은 prodelphinidin, procyanidin을 구성 단위로 하는 proanthocyanidin류의 축합성 탄닌으로 이러한 탄닌은 소화효소인 trypsin(EC 3. 1. 1. 3), ${\alpha}-amylase$(EC 3. 4. 21. 4), lipase(EC 3. 2. 1. 1)에 대하여 in vitro에 있어서 저해작용을 가지고 있는 것이 확인되었으며 또한 탄닌은 중합도가 높을수록 저해율이 높다는 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.418-422
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• 1993

기능성 식품과 생약재료의 이용을 위한 연구의 일환으로 한국산 녹차로부터 탄닌을 분리하여 xanthine oxidase 저해효과를 측정하였다. 녹차의 acetone 추출물에서 xanthine oxidase 저해효과가 있음이 확인되었고 정제된 탄닌의 효소 저해효과를 검토한 결과 xanthine oxidase 저해의 경우 galloyl tannin류가 nonga-lloyl tannin류보다 활성이 더 우수하였고 구조적 이성체에서도 (+)-catechin류 보다 (-)-epicatechin류가 효소저해 효과가 더 좋았으며, 각 물질간 상승 효과가 인정되었다. 녹차에서의 탄닌류는 xanthine oxidase에 대해 비경쟁적 저해를 하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1134-1138
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• 2006

Forest tree leaves (12 different species) of semi hilly arid region of Punjab State were collected at 30-day interval throughout the year to assess the seasonal variations in tannin profile. Tannins were extracted and fractionated from fat free samples and data were analyzed statistically by $12{\times}12$ factorial design. The leaves of Anogeissus latifolia had the highest (p<0.05) concentration of total phenols (17.4%), net (15.9%) and hydrolysable (16.9%) tannins, followed by leaves of Acacia nilotica. Majority of the tree leaves selected had moderate levels (2-5%) of net tannins. Leaves of Carrisa had the highest (p<0.05) concentration of condensed tannins (CT), whereas the leaves of Anogeissus had the lowest (p<0.05) concentration of condensed tannins. The protein precipitable phenols (PPP) corresponded well with the net tannin content present in different tree leaves. Seasonal variation data revealed that in summer, net tannins and PPP decline in leaves of Bauhinia and Zizyphus whereas the net tannin content of Anogeissus and that of Carrisa increased during summer. The CT and PPP content in the leaves of Pheonix, Leucaena, Zizyphus and Ougenia increased in winter till spring season. Tree leaves generally had higher concentration of HT during summer months. It was concluded that leaves of leaves of A. nilotica, A. latifolia and L. leucocephala could serve as an excellent alternate feed stuffs for ruminants. However, leaves of Phoenix, Carrisa, Bauhinia and Dodonea should be avoided.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2014

This study was conducted to examine the effects of condensed tannins (CT) from Ficus bengalensis leaves on the feed utilization, milk production and health status of crossbred cows. Eighteen crossbred dairy cows at their second and mid lactation (avg. BW $351.6{\pm}10.6$ kg) were randomly divided into two groups of nine each in a completely randomized block design and fed two iso-nitrogenous supplements formulated to contain 0% and 1.5% CT through dried and ground leaves of Ficus bengalensis. The diets were designated as CON and FBLM, respectively and fed to cows with a basal diet of rice straw to meet requirements for maintenance and milk production. The daily milk yield was significantly (p<0.05) increased due to supplementation of FBLM diet. The 4% fat corrected milk yield was also significantly (p<0.01) higher due to increased (p<0.05) milk fat in cows under diet FBLM as compared to CON. The inclusion of CT at 1.5% in the supplement did not interfere with the feed intake or digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, and ADF by lactating cows. Digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) values of the composite diets were comparable between the groups. The blood biochemical parameters remained unaltered except significantly (p<0.05) lowered serum urea concentration in cows fed FBLM diet. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in cows supplemented with condensed tannins. The total thiol group (T-SH) was found to be higher with reduction in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in cows of FBLM group. The cost of feeding per kg milk production was also reduced due to supplementation of Ficus bengalensis leaves. Therefore, a perceptible positive impact was evident on milk production and antioxidant status in crossbred cows during mid-lactation given supplement containing 1.5% CT through Ficus bengalensis leaves.

• 한국산업안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국안전학회 1998년도 추계 학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.89-92
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• 1998

Tannins are complex polyphenolic substances present in plants. They may be classified as either hydrolysable or condensed tannins, and extracts of the latter type have displayed carcinogenic properties in animal studies (Hausen, 1981). The International Agency for Research on Cancer has determined that exposure to airborne wood dust, especially hardwood dust during furniture manufacture, is a cause of sino-nasal cancer, notably nasal adenocarcinoma. (omitted)

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.173-177
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• 1997

기능성 식품과 tyrosinase에 의한 식품의 갈변 현상을 막기 위한 천연 효소 억제제의 개발을 위한 연구의 일환으로 한국산 녹차로 부터 축합형 탄닌을 분리하여 tyrosinase 저해효과를 측정하였다. 녹차의 acetone 추출물에서 tyrosinase 저해효과가 있음이 확인되었고 정제된 탄닌의 효소저해효과를 검토한 결과 catechin류 보다 gallocatechin류와 epimer인 epicatechin류가 저해효과가 더 높았으며, dimer의 물질보다 monomer 물질에 의한 저해 효과가 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1442-1448
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to determine the molecular weight of condensed tannins (CT) extracted from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) peel, its protein binding affinity and effects on fermentation parameters including total gas, methane ($CH_4$) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. The average molecular weight ($M_w$) of the purified CT was 2,081 Da with a protein binding affinity of 0.69 (the amount needed to bind half the maximum bovine serum albumin). In vitro gas production declined by 0.409, 0.121, and 0.311, respectively, while CH4 production decreased by 0.211, 0.353, and 0.549, respectively, with addition of 10, 20, and 30 mg CT/500 mg dry matter (DM) compared to the control (p<0.05). The effects of CT from mangosteen-peel on in vitro DM degradability (IVDMD) and in vitro N degradability was negative and linear (p<0.01). Total VFA, concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric and isovaleric acids decreased linearly with increasing amount of CT. The aforementioned results show that protein binding affinity of CT from mangosteen-peel is lower than those reported for Leucaena forages, however, the former has stronger negative effect on IVDMD. Therefore, the use of mangosteen-peel as protein source and $CH_4$ mitigating agent in ruminant feed requires further investigations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2003

Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz), an annual tropical tuber crop, was nutritionally evaluated as a foliage for ruminants, especially dairy cattle. Cultivation of cassava biomass to produce hay is based on a first harvest of the foliage at three months after planting, followed every two months thereafter until one year. Inter-cropping of leguminous fodder as food-feed between rows of cassava, such as Leucaena leucocephala or cowpea (Vigna unculata), enriches soil fertility and provides additional fodder. Cassava hay contained 20 to 25% crude protein in the dry matter with good profile of amino acids. Feeding trials with cattle revealed high levels of DM intake (3.2% of BW) and high DM digestibility (71%). The hay contains tannin-protein complexes which could act as rumen by - pass protein for digestion in the small intestine. As cassava hay contains condensed tannins, it could have subsequent impact on changing rumen ecology particularly changing rumen microbes population. Therefore, supplementation with cassava hay at 1-2 kg/hd/d to dairy cattle could markedly reduce concentrate requirements, and increase milk yield and composition. Moreover, cassava hay supplementation in dairy cattle could increase milk thiocyanate which could possibly enhance milk quality and milk storage, especially in small holder-dairy farming. Condensed tannins contained in cassava hay have also been shown to potentially reduce gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and therefore could act as an anthelmintic agent. Cassava hay is therefore an excellent multi-nutrient source for animals, especially for dairy cattle during the long dry season, and has the potential to increase the productivity and profitability of sustainable livestock production systems in the tropics.