• 대한수학회보
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.691-699
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• 2007

The notion of perfect filters and concrete filters in WFI-algebras is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Relations between a filter, a perfect filter and a concrete filter are given, and characterizations of a perfect filter and a concrete filter are provided. An extension property for a concrete filter and a perfect filter is established.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2022

A porous photocatalyst concrete filter was successfully produced to remove NOx, by mixing TiO₂ photocatalyst with lightweight aerated concrete. Ultra Fine Bubbles were used to form continuous pores inside the porous photocatalytic concrete filter, which was mixed via a bubble generation experiment. The optimal mixing condition was determined to be with 4 % of the bubble generation agent B. NO removal specimens were prepared for various photocatalytic loading conditions, and the specimen containing 3 % P-25 removed NO at a concentration of 1.03 µmol in 1 h. The NO removal rate of the porous photocatalytic concrete filter prepared in this study was 10.99 %. This photocatalytic filter performance was more than 9 times the amount of NO removed by a general photocatalytic filter. The porous photocatalyst concrete filter for removing NOx developed in this study can be applied to various construction sites and the air quality can be solved by reducing NOx contributing to the formation of fine particles.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권5_6호
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• pp.925-932
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• 2008

The notion of weak filters in WFI-algebras is introduced. Relations between weak filters and concrete filters are established. A condition for a filter to be closed is given. Also, a condition for a filter to be a weak filter is provided. Characterizations of weak and concrete filters are discussed. A condition for a subalgebra to be a concrete filter is given.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

The notion of uncanny filter is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between uncanny filter, closed filter, and concrete filter are given. Characterizations of uncanny filter are provided. Extension property for uncanny filter is established.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.237-242
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• 1998

Covering mortar as a filter for permeable polymer concrete is necessary for good permeability from filtration continuously. Therefore, this paper is intended as an evaluation of the mechanical properties and permeability of permeable polymer concrete covered with polymer mortar as a filter. An optimum permeable polymer concrete is selected in various mix proportions, and three different polymer mortars were cast immediately following on the casting of the base permeable polymer concrete. And they are tested for compressive and flexural strengths, adhesion in tension, hardening shrinkage and permeability . From the test results, binder and filler contents in mix proportions had a great influence on the permeability of polymer concretes. The mechanical properties of permeable polymer concretes covered with polymer mortars using crushed stone are superior to other filters, and hardening shrinkage is the smallest in filters. It is apparent that adhesion between the base permeable polymer concrete and polymer mortar is affected by the degree of hardening shrinkage. From this study, proper mix proportions can be recommended in the consideration of properties of the permeable polymer concrete.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2008

The purpose of this research provides the basic solution about waterfront and promotes the inherent capability, that recoveries both the river and gives the river for water quality to improve plan. In this study, we compare and analysis the slope contact between filter media of the porous concrete and planting concrete. As a result, when appling the porous concrete, it can show the removal efficiency is SS 53%, BOD 39%, COD 20%, T-N 36% T-P 42% and appling planting concrete is SS 58%, BOD42%, COD 26%, T-N 45%, T-P 53%. Therefore, planting concrete is higher removal efficiency (SS 5%, BOD 3%, COD 6%, T-N 9%, T-P 10%) than porous concrete. The experimental results show that using purification filter media on planting concrete is better than on porous concrete, because it have the higher purification filter efficiency. The quality of water improves vegetarian concrete, that can expect the increase of the self-purification capacity and improve the spectacle for providing the waterside and planting of planting concrete. In addition, it can complete and apply the research if having enough time for experimentation and accurate study for mechanism by plant, we can use both planting concrete filter media and the existing dike. As a result, we can gain the better quality of the water of the city's rivers and good economic value, that is spread by all cities applicable technologies. So it can be expected using well for future.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-122
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• 2013

It is essential to update the model with reflecting observation or inspection data for reliability estimation of existing structures. Authors proposed updated reliability analysis by using Particle Filter. We discuss how to apply the proposed method through numerical examples on reinforced concrete structures after verification of the method with hypothetical linear Gaussian problem. Reinforced concrete structures in a marine environment deteriorate with time due to chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcing bars. In the case of existing structures, it is essential to monitor the current condition such as chloride-induced corrosion and to reflect it to rational maintenance with consideration of the uncertainty. In this context, updated reliability estimation of a structure provides useful information for the rational decision. Accuracy estimation is also one of the important issues when Monte Carlo approach such as Particle Filter is adopted. Especially Particle Filter approach has a problem known as degeneracy. Effective sample size is introduced to predict the covariance of variance of limit state exceeding probabilities calculated by Particle Filter. Its validity is shown by the numerical experiments.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2018

연구목적: 철도 안전에 영향을 미치는 콘크리트 궤도는 이미지분석 기술을 사용하여 균열을 감지 할 수 있으나 균열을 검출하기 위한 콘크리트 궤도 및 표면 오염의 조건이 균열검측에 방해되므로 이를 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 방법이 필요하다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서는 한국 철도의 균열을 효과적으로 감지하기 위한 이미지 분석 기법을 적용한 프로세스를 제안하고 실험 모듈을 통해 취득된 이미지를 분석하여 성능을 검증하였다. 또한, 우리는 제안된 Gabor Filter Bank 기법을 사용하여 철도 콘크리트 도상 이미지를 획득한 데이터 중 무작위로 선택된 2000개의 이미지를 개발된 프로세스를 통해 자동 균열 검측을 수행하여 타당성을 검토하였다. 연구결과: 연구에서 제안된 시스템으로 균열 검측 결과 탐지율이 약 94% 성능으로 검토되었으며 취득된 철도콘크리트도상이미지의 균열이 동일한 크기와 형식으로 일치하였다. 결론: Gabor Filter Bank를 사용한 균열 검측법은 한국 철도의 콘크리트 궤도도상에 노이즈를 포함한 균열 이미지에 효과적으로 분석되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이 시스템은 기존의 인간 위주의 철도 산업에서 자동화 된 유지 관리 시스템이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.719-741
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• 2014

Monitoring surface cracks is important to ensure the health of concrete structures. However, traditional visual inspection to monitor the concrete cracks has disadvantages such as subjective inspection nature, associated time and cost, and possible danger to inspectors. To alter the visual inspection, a complete procedure for automated crack assessment based on adaptive digital image processing has been proposed in this study. Crack objects are extracted from the images using the subtraction with median filter and the local binarization using the Niblack's method. To adaptively. determine the optimal window sizes for the median filter and the Niblack's method without distortion of crack object an optimal filter size index (OFSI) is proposed. From the extracted crack objects using the optimal size of window, the crack objects are decomposed to the crack skeletons and edges, and the crack width is calculated using 4-connected normal line according to the orientation of the local skeleton line. For an image, a crack width nephogram is obtained to have an intuitive view of the crack distribution. The proposed procedure is verified from a test on a concrete reaction wall with various types of cracks. From the crack images with different crack widths and patterns, the widths of cracks in the order of submillimeters are calculated with high accuracy.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2006

Stormwater pollution is a major problem in urban areas. Pollutants like heavy metals and harmful chemicals in the runoff can endanger soil and ground water, when they are not sufficiently removed doting infiltration. Strength and infiltration capacity of porous concrete are the major problems that must be considered if permeable pavement system are demanded to be used in a drive way application. In this study, a series of compacted porous concrete mixtures and the system of pavement ate tested for the physical characteristics like compressive strength, flexural strength, unit weight, porosity, water permeability, and the purification capacity of contaminated water. The test results obtained indicate that the strength and infiltration capacity of porous concrete are strongly related to its matrix proportion and compaction energy and providing adequate filter layers underneath pavement surface course is one of the most important design considerations of permeable pavement system for pollution retention purpose.