• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.206-217
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• 2007

Generally, there is confusion as to what constitutes TQM, though it can be regarded as a set of concepts and tools for getting all employees focused on continuous improvement, various schools of thought have defined or classified the critical success factors as constructs, concepts and principles. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to provide a practical approach for understanding the quality management terminology. Using the existing quality management measurement instruments available in literature, the terminology used is classified into constructs, practices and finally tools or techniques. Quality Management may then be viewed as a combination of the three sets of terminology. Drawing on the quantitative study which investigated the implementation of TQM within the SME, the critical factors of TQM as used in that study as used to demonstrate the practical approach or methodology for the understanding of the terms thus used. For the benefit of practitioners within the Construction Management field, a bit of clarity is required as regards the terminology used. This study contributes to clarifying the conflicting results being reported in the quality management literature which inevitably leads to having different levels of analysis of Quality Management. Accordingly, the strength of quality management compared with other business philosophies should then focus on the practical methodology, namely the practices and techniques.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.5-26
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• 1991

Concepts of passenger car equivalent(PCE) based on various philosophies is reviewed. The headway method is redefined in two ways namely a macroscopic headway method and a microscopic headway method of which the concepts are confused in literature. As definition of the microscopic headway method is from intuitive approach so theoretical basis for this method is explained in connection with the macroscopic headway method. In addition new classification and evaluation of complicated existing theories was conducted to make the reader understand more easily.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.123-144
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• 2003

The trend towards employee involvement (EI) has redefined the employer-employee relationship and, for many organizations, has brought about a fundamental change in organizational performance. This paper begins with a review of EI concepts and typologies. It goes on to elaborate need for the adoption of EI practices and discuss the factors affecting the adoption. The main theme of the quality management (QM) literature will then be presented addressing its concepts, principles and elements. Drawing on the theoretical and practitioners' perspectives, the paper also discusses the significance of integrating EI/QM practices to sustain organizational performance improvement.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.444-450
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• 1997

The current ASME code for reinforced concrete containment structures are not based on probability concepts. The stochastic nature of natural hazard or accidental loads and the variations of material properties require a probabilistic approach for a rational assessment of structural safety and performance. The paper develops design load factors for the serviceability limit state of reinforced concrete containment structures. The target limit state probability is determined and the load factors are calculated by the numerical analysis. Design load factors are proposed and carried out the reliability assessments.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2019

This study explores how elementary school students construct food pyramid prediction models using scientific reasoning. Thirty small groups of sixth-grade students in the Kyoungki province (n=138) participated in this study; each small group constructed a food pyramid prediction model based on scientific reasoning, utilizing prior knowledge on topics such as biotic and abiotic factors, food chains, food webs, and food pyramid concepts. To understand the scientific reasoning applied by the students during the modeling process, three forms of qualitative data were collected and analyzed: each small group's discourse, their representation, and the researcher's field notes. Based on this data, the researcher categorized the students' model patterns into three categories and identified how the students used scientific reasoning in their model patterns. The study found that the model patterns consisted of the population number variation model, the biological and abiotic factors change model, and the equilibrium model. In the population number variation model, students used phenomenon-based reasoning and relation-based reasoning to predict variations in the number of producers and consumers. In the biotic and abiotic factors change model, students used relation-based reasoning to predict the effects on producers and consumers as well as on decomposers and abiotic factors. In the equilibrium model, students predicted that "the food pyramid would reach equilibrium," using relation-based reasoning and model-based reasoning. This study demonstrates that elementary school students can systematically elaborate on complicated ecology concepts using scientific reasoning and modeling processes.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

In general, causal relationship for theoretical concepts is hypothesized based on precedent studies and tested by a structural equation model. However, when theoretical backgrounds are scarce or absent, the causal relationship is hypothesized operatively by the purpose and scope of research and tested by overall goodness-of-fit indices such as GFI and RMR. Such a causal relationship can't be most appropriate statistically because it is selected as specific relationship from researcher's view among possible causal relationships. Therefore, this study is to propose a procedure for identifying the causal relationship that produces the best GFI among possible causal relationships for theoretical concepts.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2013

Implant treatment has become the treatment of choice to replace missing teeth in partially edentulous areas. Dental implants present different biological and biomechanical characteristics than natural teeth. Occlusion is considered to be one of the most important factors contributing to implant success. Most literature on implant occlusal concepts is based on expert opinion, anecdotal experiences, in vitro and animal studies, and only limited clinical research. Furthermore, scientific literature regarding implant occlusion, particularly in implant-supported fixed dental prostheses remains controversial. In this study, the current status of implant occlusion was reviewed and discussed. Further randomized clinical research to investigate the correlation between implant occlusion, the implant success rate, and its risk factors is warranted to determine best clinical practices.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-128
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• 2010

The expediency of using tubular composite steel and concrete columns of annular cross-sections in construction is discussed. The new type space framework with tubular composite columns of multi-storey buildings and its rigid beam-column joints are demonstrated. The features of interaction between the circular steel tube and spun concrete stress-strain states during the concentrical and eccentrical loading of tubular composite members are considered. The modeling of the bearing capacity of beam-columns of composite annular cross-sections is based on the concepts of bending with a concentrical force and compression with a bending moment. The comparison of modeling results for the composite cross-sections of beam-columns is analysed. The expediency of using these concepts for the limit state verification of beam-columns in the methods of the partial safety factors design (PSFD) legitimated in Europe and the load and resistance factors design (LRFD) used in other countries is presented and illustrated by a numerical example.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2018

The concept of visitor satisfaction and service quality are notably two important concepts in marketing. Two concepts are important in addressing theoretical as well as practical issue for marketers and consumer researchers. The study aims to identify the factors influencing visitor satisfaction in local folk festival. Data were collected from 432 residents of festival visitors through structured survey questionnaires. Results showed that whereas program contents and staff were more like positively to affect visitor satisfaction, accommodation and amenity affected visitor satisfaction negatively. Therefore, in order to visitors' satisfaction, practitioners and policy makers need to develop program contents and staff ability.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.77-89
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• 1992

According to many previous researches on the students' physics conceptions, in spite of school science learning the students' preconceptions were either not changed or reinforced. Although many researchers argued that the presentation of conflict situations which can not be explained by the students' preconceptions is prerequisite to their conceptual changes, some other researchers argued that such a presentation could be useless. In this study, a model of students' conceptual change in physics, which encourages students to recognize actively the conflicting situations and to control the process of their conceptual changes, was developed. In this model, the critical discussion on rival concepts and the reflective thinking were regarded as two important factors for students' conceptual changes.