• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.299-309
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• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to find out how the Korean government reflected its policy goal and direction by analysing the budget allocation on support measures for the Korea-China FTA in the fisheries sector. Design/methodology/approach - Concentration Ratio, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and BCG Matrix were applied to the government's budget allocation on support measures for the Korea-China FTA in the fisheries sector. Findings - The study result shows that the government has provided various programmes without over-investing in some programmes. Meanwhile, the government has increased its budget for some programmes that are in line with its long-term policy goals, such as promoting sustainable fisheries and transforming fisheries into a value-added industry. In addition, the government has reduced its budget for programmes that threaten its fiscal sustainability. Research implications or Originality - The Korean government planned a 10-year budget plan for support measures for the fisheries sector after the implementation of the Korea-China FTA. Since 2016, the government has operated the subordinate programmes under the 10-year budget plan each year, reflecting its new policy direction, which takes into account both domestic and external factors. Accordingly, this study is meaningful in that it allows us to examine the government's policy direction for the fisheries sector after the Korea-China FTA.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.74-94
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of education between CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction) and lectures for smoking cessation among male students who attended vocational high schools. Conducted from February 24th to April 26th, 2003, the study design was quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were 60 male students in K vocational high school in Daegu city, who were present smokers and had more than 7.0 ppm concentration level of carbon monoxide. Thirty students were randomly chosen as the experimental group which applied CAI education method for smoking cessation. The other 30 students served as the control group which received lecture education method of 40 minutes on four consecutive days. CAI education for smoking cessation was composed of ready-made individual learning contents, counseling by using cyber-communication, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. Lecture education for smoking cessation was composed of a ready-prepared lecture for the group, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. To measure smoking related knowledge, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related knowledge scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.84)$ was modified and used by the researcher. To measure smoking related attitude, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related attitude scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.91)$ was modified and used by the researcher. Smoking related knowledge scale's Cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.83 in the pilot study and 0.93 in this study. Smoking related attitude scale's Cronbach's a was 0.80 in the pilot study and 0.98 in this study. To determine the smoking amount, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was checked. The concentration level of CO in the exhaled breath was measured (Micro CO Cat. No. MCO2, UK). Data was analyzed by $x^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. simple main effects, and time contrast test with SPSS/Win 11.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis. that 'Smoking-related knowledge score in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation', was not supported. 2. The second hypothesis, that 'Smoking-related attitude in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=6490.79. p=0.000). 3. The third hypothesis. that 'Smoking amount in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported. 1) The third-1st sub-hypothesis. that 'The number of cigarettes smoked per day in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=134.19. p=0.000). 2) The third-2nd sub-hypothesis. that 'The concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be lower than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation"' was supported(F=268.55. p=0.000). From the above results. CAI education can be an effective intervention to improve smoking-related knowledge and attitude. and to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath. Lecture education can be effective to improve smoking-related knowledge. In the future, when CAI education and lecture education for smoking cessation are applied on the school nursing field. the students can gain a comprehensive understanding of smoking cessation, changes in smoking-related knowledge. smoking-related attitude and reducing smoking amount. Furthermore, CAI education for smoking cessation could be developed as an individual self initiative program and could give a guideline to apply CAI education for smoking cessation in other field.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.35-57
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to prove the effect and mechanism of Gamikyejakjimogawusul-tang(GKHA) herbal acupuncture on induced rheumatoid arthritis model of DBA/1 mice. Methods : We check effect of GKHA extract on the AST, ALT, Creatinine, BUN of serum and cell viability of GK extract in RAW 264.7 cells to test the stability of this study. In vitro, we measure total phenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity of Gamikyejakjimogawusul-tang, effect of GK extract on ROS(Reactive Ooxygen Species) production to estimate a anti-oxidant capacity, and we also measure effect of GK extract on NO (Nitric Oxid), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, TNF-${\alpha}$, MCP-1, GM-CSF production in RAW 264.7 cells to estimate a anti-inflammatory efficacy. In vivo, we compare a rheumatoid arthritis manifestation between control and experimental group and estimate a AI. Then we check effect of GKHA on the level of WBC, neutrophil, lympocyte, monocyte in the blood to see the effect of immune cells in blood. In addition we measure effect of GKHA on the level of hs-CRP, IgM, IgG, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, TNF-${\alpha}$, MCP-1, GM-CSF in serum. We observe effects of GKHA on imaging of cartilage degeneration using micro CT-arthrography in paw hind. And we calculate effects of GKHA that reduced BV ratio, BS/BV ratio using 3D Micro-CT. Lastly we observe effects of GKHA histopathologic examination analysis. Results : 1. The toxicity on liver and kidney was disregardable and the cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells was also disregardable. 1. Total phenol contents and total flavonoid contents in GK extract were in high level. 2. DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity were increased according to concentration of GK extract 3. ROS production was significantly decreased in GK extract (at 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). 4. NO, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, MCP-1 production were significantly decreased in GK extract(at 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). IL-17, GM-CSF production were significantly decreased in GK extract(at 1, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-21 production were also decreased but there was no statistical significance. 5. 25x observation after H&E and M-T staining, infiltration of immune cells and subsidence of the cartilage and damage to the synovial cells were decreased. Conclusions : This study showed that GKHA extract had anti-oxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory efficacy. GKHA extract also had inhibiting effect on the process of rheumatoid arthritis and can protect joint and cartilage. So we expect that GKHA extract can be a meaningful treatment to rheumatoid arthritis patients.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

The VOC (volatile organic compound) analyzer is devised to measure the four main aromatic hydrocarbon gases: toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styfene. It is not affected by ambient temperature and humidity. In addition, standby and measuring time of VOC Analyzer is a short as below 30 min and 8 min, respectively. Since the semiconductor gas sensor is supersensitive to gas components, it is not necessary to use a conventional gas concentrator or other complicated equipment. In this study, VOC emission behavior from 4 types paints (lacquer, urethane vanish, water-base paint, enamel paint) for wood-based panel was investigated using VOC Analyzer. After a specimen was spreaded on aluminum foil ($6.32{\times}6.32cm$) in $3{\ell}$ polyester bag, after 24 hours we could measure maximum VOC emission level that is a stabilized VOC value. Xylene of VOCs was high emitted from lacquer, urethane vanish and water-based paint, and TVOC (Toluene + Ethylbenzene + Xylene + Styrene) of lacquer was the highest emission concentration than another.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.92-99
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• 2021

Light-scattering fine particulate matter monitors can measure particulate matter (PM) concentrations in every second and can be designed in a portable size. They can measure the concentrations of various PM sizes (PM_1.0, PM_2.5, PM_4.0 and PM₁₀) with a single sensor. They measure the number and size of particulate matters and convert them to weight per volume (concentration). These devices show a large error for asian dust. This paper proposes a scheme that compensates the PM_2.5 concenstration error for asian dust by multiple linear regression machine learning in light-scattering PM monitors. This scheme can be effective with only two or three types of PM sizes. The experimental results compare a beta-ray PM monitor of national institute of environmental research and a light-scattering PM monitor during a month. The correlation coefficient (R²) of theses two devices was 0.927 without asian dust, but it was 0.763 due to asian dust during the entire experimental period and improved to 0.944 by the proposed machine learning.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 1984

To acquire the essential basic data to the establishment of control measure for the hazardous health effect that could be caused by harmful metals, the author measured the concentrations of trace metals in whole blood of women of $20{\sim}39$ years old living in urban and rural area using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The summarized results were as follows; 1. The mean concentration of zinc in whole blood was $10.69{\pm}8.07{\mu}g/ml$ in rural area. The frequency distribution by zinc concentration level was nearly L-type and the cumulative frequency distribution was showed bimodal type in both area. 2. The mean iron concentration in whole blood was $323.09{\pm}87.15{\mu}g/ml$ and $322.07{\pm}104.74{\mu}g/ml$ in urban and rural area, respectively. The frequency distribution was similar to normal distribution type in both area, but the cumulative distribution was unimodal type in urban area and bimodal type in rural area. 3. The mean magnesium concentration was $41.08{\pm}19.58{\mu}g/ml$ and $40.28{\pm}16.82{\mu}g/ml$ in the area, respectively. The frequency distribution type had skewness to the right and the cumulative frequency distribution was unimodal type in both area. 4. The mean copper concentration was $1.417{\pm}0.761{\mu}g/ml$ and $1.375{\pm}0.743{\mu}g/ml$ in the area, respectively. The frequency distribution type had skewness to the right and the cumulative frequency distribution was bimodal type in both area. 5. The mean manganese concentration was $0.079{\pm}0.039{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.07{\pm}0.058{\mu}g/ml$ in the area, respectively. The frequency distribution type had skewness to the right in both area but slight irregular in rural area and the cumulative distribution was unimodal and bimodal type in urban and rural area, respectively. 6. The mean cadmium concentration in whole blood was $0.031{\pm}0.026{\mu}g/ml$ in urban and $0.028{\pm}0.023{\mu}g/ml$ in rural area. The frequency distribution type had skewness to the right and cumulative frequency distribution was bimodal type in both area.

• Near Infrared Analysis
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2001

A non-invasive spectroscopic method is presented for the measurement of pulmonary edema. Both early diagnosis and quantitative edema estimates were investigated. The spectroscopic determination of pulmonary edema involved the acquisition of diffuse reflectance spectra in the near-infrared (NIR) region with change in water concentration - water is the main constituent of edema fluid. Pulmonary edema was induced into the excised perfused lungs of seven animals by elevating the hydrostatic pressure. Estimates of edema were ascertained from a partial least squares regression of the measured spectral response. Actual edema was determined from the change (increase) in total lung weight. Estimates in relative lung weight increases due to in vitro edema were made with the near infrared spectra. The results revealed that fluid accumulation produced spectral changes in the O-H and C-H absorptions as well as scattering changes in the spectra. Histology of the lung was used to verify the presence or absence of interstitial and alveolar edema. Results demonstrated that near infrared spectroscopy might provide a new tool for clinical assessment of pulmonary edema.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2005

In order to investigate the effect of dimethyl ether (DME) on PAH and soot formation, the fuel has been mixed to the counter-flow diffusion flames of ethylene. Laser-induced incandescence and laser-induced fluorescence techniques were employed to measure relative concentrations of soot volume fraction and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration, respectively. Results showed that even though pure DME flame produces the minimal amount of PAH and soot, the mixture fuel of DME and ethylene could increase PAH and soot formation, as compared to those of pure ethylene flame. This implies that even though DME has been known to be a clean fuel for soot formation, the mixture fuel of DME and the hydrocarbon fuel could produce enhanced production of soot. Numerical simulation demonstrated that methyl (CH$_{3}$) radical generated by the initial pyrolysis of DME can be contributed to the enhancement of PAH and soot formation, through the formation of propargyl (C$_{3}$H$_{3}$) radical.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.2 s.95
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

This study was performed to measure the changed concentrations of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds after moving in the newly constructed apartment buildings at Seoul. From December 2004 to October 2005, we measured the concentration of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in newly constructed apartment buildings before and after residence. In conclusion, it showed that there was a significant relationship association between the con centration of the volatile organic compound and the formaldehyde and remodeling of the house, built in-furniture, and ventilation of the house. Therefore, it was suggested that we need preventive measures and management plans about various factors such. as remodeling, and built in-furniture, ventilation to decrease the concentrations of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.222-231
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• 2002

The ADP is an advanced piece of oceanographic equipment that measures water speed and direction profiles from the acoustic Doppler principle. In recent years, the strength of the acoustic backscatter obtained from ADP has been used to measure vertically suspended sediment concentration(SSC) profiles. In this study, an ADP was installed in coastal waters near Yumsan, on the west coast of Korea, and flow and sediment data were gathered simultaneously. SSC concentrations were calculated from the acoustic backscatter strengths adjusted by using calibrated acoustic coefficients. The observed SSC profiles were compared with analytical solutions and showed good agreement. Simultaneously, the suspended material fluxes were analyzed in detail. ADP was very useful for measuring the vertically distributed suspended sediment concentrations and flow velocity profiles.