• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the optimum recommendation level on Gatrodia rhizoma and the effects on the improvement of the lipids in the dietary hypercholesterterolemic rats. Experimental diets mixed with 5% Dioscorea batatas(Group 2), 10% Dioscorea batatas(Group 3), 15% Dioscorea batatas (Group 4) 5% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 5), 10% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 6), and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 7), were administered to the male rats of the Sprague Dawley for 3 weeks. Concentration of total cholesterol in serum was lower in the Gastrodia rhizoma groups than in the other groups, especially total cholesterol concentration of 10% Gastrodia rhizoma(Group 6) was the lowest in the Gastrodia rhizoma groups. Concentration of HDL-cholesterol in serum was higher in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma than in the other groups. Concentrations of cholesteryl ester, LDL, LDL-cholesterol in serum were the lowest in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma. Concentration of glucose and activity of GPT in serum were the lowest in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma group. The activity of GOT in serum was lower in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma group and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma group than in the other groups. Therefore, we consider that there are effects on the improvement of the lipids in the Gastrodia rhizoma and the optimum recommendation quantity of Gastrodia rhizoma is 10% to quantity of food composition.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

A numerical study was conducted on the effects of the cusp magnetic field in 8" silicon single crystal grwoth by Czochralski method. For a damping effects simulation by magnetic field, low reynolds number ${\kappa} - {\varepsilon}$ model was adopted. Symmetrci cusp magnetic field has a effect of damping streamline crystal, is lowerd with the increasing cusp magnetic field intensity. The uniformity of the oxygen concentration was improved. The asymmetirc cusp magnetic field increased the oxygen concentration however, oxygen concentration distribution in the radial direction was remained uniform. Suitable combination of symmetric and asymmetric cusp magnetic fields could give uniform and low oxygen concentration in the axial direction.tion.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2019

The effects of UV wavelength and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the formation of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) were investigated in a controlled environment. To remove any other influences than UV wavelength and DOC, purified water was used as the working solution. DGM was instantly produced with irradiation of all UV lights even without DOC; whereas, there was no noticeable increase of DGM during irradiation of visible light. The amount of formed DGM increased as the DOC concentration increased even in dark conditions; however, UV-B irradiation significantly promoted DGM production with DOC present. The rate constants of reduction ranged from $1.4{\times}10^{-6}s^{-1}$ to $3.5{\times}10^{-5}s^{-1}$, with the lower values occurring under the dark condition without DOC and the higher values resulting under UV-B irradiation and high DOC concentration. However, DGM production was not linearly correlated with the DOC concentration at higher range of DOC in this study. Future studies should investigate the effects of DOC concentration on mercury (Hg) reduction over the broad range of DOC concentrations with different DOC structures and with other influencing parameters.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.327-354
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• 2019

In this paper, we conducted panel data analysis considering spatial correlation between regions, which were not considered in previous papers in analyzing the causes of fine dust concentration in Korea. Many existing researchers implicitly assume the independence of the effects of incomes and other explanatory variables of adjoining countries(or regions). Using panel data on fine dust concentration, this paper has established that existing EKC can be established even when considering the spatial correlation of the region, and when these effects are not taken into account, it can be underestimated or overestimated on the effects and causes of fine dust concentration.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

The present study was carried out to examine the sustained release effect of the implantable bovine somatotropin (SRI-BST) formula. In the blood profile test in steers, the bovine somatotropin concentration in serum by radioimmunoassay showed the peak concentration on the first day after the implantation of the SRI-BST formula, and concentration proceeded for 5 days (p < 0.05). The insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration showed the peak concentration on the seventh day after implantation of the SRIF-BST formula, and concentration proceeded for 10 days (p < 0.05). The glucose showed the peak concentration on the first day after implantation of the SRI-BST formula, and concentration continued for 3 days (p < 0.05). The blood urea nitrogen showed the lowest concentration on the third day after implantation of the SRI-BST formula, and concentration continued for 7 days (p < 0.05). These results proved that the SRIF-BST formula was the sustained release effects in steers.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.103-111
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of NaCl precisely in recycling process of food waste and in places where food waste compost is used, because NaCl with food waste has caused concerns of adverse effects in the process of food waste recycling and in plates where final products is used. The influence of NaCl in composting was measured through temperature, concentration of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and pH. NaCl didn't cause bad effects until 1%(wet base) of NaCl concentration for composting, showed adverse effects gradually at 2% and 3% and affected composting deeply at 6%. The influence of NaCl in composting was insignificant until 3% of NaCl concentration but decomposing efficiency of organic compounds was interfered with more than 3%. NaCl concentration has to be maintained less than 1%(wet base) to minimize adverse effects of NaCl in composting however NaCl concentration with food waste used in real composting facilities is so lower than 1 %(wet base) that the bad influence in food waste composting is slight. Compost(final product) was collected from real food waste recycling facilities in A city, S city, K-Gu and S-Gu and controlled NaCl concentration artificially such as 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% to investigate influence of NaCl on growth of plants. In results of plant test and pot experiment, according to quality of compost sampled, the influence of NaCl is insufficient until 3% and bad effects appeared clearly more than 3%. The bad effects showed less than 3% because compost sampled was not stabilized fully.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2012

1. Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of TAM (Taraxacum mongolicum) on Th2 cytokine production in MC/9 mast cells. 2. Methods : The effects of TAM was analyzed by ELISA and Real-time PCR in MC/9 mast cells. Levels of IL-5, IL-13 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 were analyzed with Real-time PCR. 3. Results : 1) TAM inhibited the IL-4 production significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$. 2) TAM inhibited the IL-13 production significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$. 3) TAM inhibited the IL-4 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 4) TAM inhibited the IL-5 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$. 5) TAM inhibited the IL-6 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 6) TAM inhibited the IL-13 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 4. Conclusions : These results indicate that TAM (Taraxacum mongolicum) has the effect of decreasing the Th2 cytokine production in the MC/9 mast cell.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Longanae Arillus water extract (LA) on the production of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 cell. LA is used for forgetfulness, insomnia, palpitation symptoms in korean medicine. Methods: In order to evaluate cytotoxicity of LA, cell viability was measured. To investigate anti-inflammatory effects of LA in the lipopolysacharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cell, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines were measured. And when p-value is below 0.05, it is judged to have the significant difference statistically. Results: 1. LA showed no cytotoxicity. 2. LA inhibited significantly the production on NO at the concentration of 50 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. 3. LA inhibited significantly the production on interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. 4. LA inhibited significantly the production on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ at the concentration of 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. 5. LA inhibited significantly the production on lipopolysaccharide-induced chemokine (LIX) at the concentration of 25, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. 6. LA inhibited significantly the production on regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusions: These results suggest that LA has anti-inflammatory effect.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.597-606
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• 1992

Effects of dilution rate, inlet glucose and ammonium chloride concentrations on ,he performance of continuous culture of Alcaligenes eutrQPhus for poly-p-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production were investigated. When inlet substrate concentrations were maintained constant (inlet glucose concentration = 20 g/l, inlet ammonium chloride concentration = 2 g/l), growth rate of residual biomass and PHB production rate showed its maximum at $0.1h^{-1}$ and $0.06h^{-1}$, respectively, and washout at $0.13h^{-1}$. PHB content decreased from 50% to 25% by increasing dilution rate, while specific PHB production rate increased continuously. Cell mass and PHB concentration gave its maximum values at inlet ammonium chloride concentration of 2 g/l and thereafter decreased, which showed the existence of substrate inhibition by ammonium. When inlet glucose concentration was 30 g/l, cell mass reached its maximum value, while PHB concentration increased continuously. The parameters of kinetic model were evaluated by the graphical and parameter estimation methods. The computer simulation results for the effects of dilution rate, inlet glucose and ammonium chloride concentrations fitted the experimental data very well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.599-606
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• 1999

Water extracts of persimmon leaf tea(PLTE), green tea(GTE) and oolong tea(OTE), at the con centration used for human consumption, were examined for inhibitory effects on the mutagenicity of major classes of dietary and environmental mutagens including indirect acting mutagens, B[ ]P (benzo[ ]pyrene), IQ(2 amino 3 methylimidazo[4,5 f]quinoline), 2 AA(2 aminoanthracene) in the presence of S9 mix and direct acting mutagen, 4 NQO(4 nitroquinoline 1 oxide) without S9 mix, using the modified Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. PLTE, GTE and OTE showed very potent and concentration dependent antimutagenic effects against indirect acting mutagens B[ ]P and IQ. At the maximum concentration(16,200 g/plate) of each tea extract, number of colonies decreased in a dose dependent manner up to 82~100%. Similar inhibition of PLTE, GTE and OTE were seen at higher concentration in the mutagenicity of the 2 AA following an initial increase in the activity at lower concentration. However, the mutagenicity of the direct acting mutagen 4 NQO were not suppressed at lower concentration of the three tea extracts, and higher concentration of the tea extracts enhanced mutagenic activity of the mutagen. There were no differences in the mode of antimutagenesis between PLTE, GTE, and OTE, in both Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains against the same mutagen. In conclusion, the water extracts of persimmon leaf tea, green tea and oolong tea possess marked antimutagenic potential against a variety of important dietary and environmental indirect acting mutagens, but the activity was not observed against the direct acting mutagens. These results suggest that the mode of inhibitory action may not have resulted from direct interaction between tea extracts and the mutagens, but rather from indirect metabolic inactivation of mutagens by tea extracts.