• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.283-284
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• 2018

The rear side surface of tiles act have protrusions that helps secure the adhesion between the tile and the mortar for tile setting. Conventional height of the rear side usually ranges between 1 to 1.5 mm, and the molding method is classified in between press type and compression type during the manufacturing process, with most tiles being produced by the former method. In sites where adhesion failures were observed, tiles were taken to examine the cause of defect. It was determined that height was irregular at the rear side surface. Based on these findings, an experiment was conducted to determine the correlation between the rear surface and the bonding strength of tiles.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2016

본 연구는 뇌수술 후 부동 환자에게 부츠형 또는 무릎형 간헐적 공기 압박기 적용 후 심부정맥 혈전증 예방과 피부반응에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위한 실험연구이다. 연구대상은 2015년 5월 부터 11월 까지 뇌수술 후 외과계 중환자실에 입실한 60명을 대상으로 하였다. 심부정맥 혈전증 평가는 7일 동안 대퇴정맥 혈류속도의 변화를 매일 측정하였고 피부 반응 정도도 매일 규칙적으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과 부츠형 간헐적 공기 압박기 적용군이 무릎형 간헐적 공기압박기 적용군보다 시간이 경과함에 따라 대퇴정맥 혈류속도가 증가함을 확인하였다. 즉, 7일 동안 측정한 평균 대퇴정맥 혈류속도는 시간경과에 따른 측정시기 오른쪽(F=64.41, p <.001), 왼쪽(F=58.21, p <.001)모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 두 군 간의 발등 둘레는 측정시기와 집단 간의 상호작용에서 오른쪽(F=9.13, p <.001), 왼쪽(F=9.29, p<.001) 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 부츠형 간혈적 공기 압박기 적용군은 피부 합병증도 발생하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 뇌수술 후 부동환자에게 부츠형 간헐적 공기 압박기 적용이 심부정맥 혈전증을 예방하는데 보다 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2019

하지정맥류 발생을 억제하기 위한 방법으로 압박스타킹 착용이 폭넓게 이용되고 있지만, 압박스타킹 착용으로 인한 인체의 생리지표에 어떤 영향을 줄 수 있는지는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 압박스타킹을 장시간 착용할 경우 어떤 생리적 지표가 변화될 수 있는지 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 압박스타킹 착용으로 인해 변화될 수 있을 것으로 예측되는 생리지표인 혈압, 심전도, 발목 상완지수, 근전도를 측정하였다. 압박스타킹은 시중에서 구입할 수 있는 20~30 mmHg 정도의 압력을 가진 것으로 종아리를 덮는 형태의 것을 사용하였다. 6명의 20 초반 성인이 한쪽 다리에만 7일간 착용을 하였고, 실험 기간 중 몸을 씻기 위해 벗는 것을 제외하고는 늘 착용한 상태에서 일상생활을 하였다. 실험을 시작하기 직전, 3일째 되는 날, 7일째 되는 날에 혈압, 심전도, 근전도, 발목상완지수의 변화를 압박스타킹을 착용한 다리와 착용하지 않은 다리에서 각각 측정하였다. 측정한 결과 착용한 다리의 앞정강이근과 장딴지근에서 근전도의 증가가 나타났으며 다른 생리지표는 변화가 없었다. 근전도의 증가는 시간이 길어질수록 이에 비례하여 증가하였다. 압박스타킹을 착용하지 않은 다리에서는 시간이 지남에 따라 오히려 근전도가 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 근전도 감소 역시 시간이 길어질수록 감소폭이 커졌다. 즉 이번 실험은 압박스타킹의 착용이 해당 근육의 근전도를 증가시킬 수 있음을 나타내고, 착용하지 않은 부위에서 의도치 않은 근전도의 감소를 일으킬 수 있음을 나타낸다. 이번 연구에서는 압박스타킹의 장시간 착용에 따른 생리적 변화에 대한 결과를 알아봄으로써 올바른 사용에 대한 정보를 제공하고 착용에 따른 위험요소를 알아 볼 수 있는 결과를 제공한다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of ischemic compression (IC) therapy and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in patients with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome and to present an effective treatment method for these patients. Methods: A total of 42 patients with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome were randomly assigned to the IC group (n = 21) and ESWT group (n = 21). IC therapy and ESWT were performed in the IC and ESWT groups, respectively. Treatment was applied to the trigger point of the upper trapezius muscle. Visual analog scales (VAS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), range of motion, neck disability index (NDI), and fear-avoidance belief questionnaire (FABQ) were evaluated before and after the intervention to compare its effectiveness. Results: Both groups showed significant differences before and after the intervention in VAS, PPT, NDI, FABQ, flexion, extension, right side bending, and left side bending (p <.05). In addition, there were significant differences in the IC group compared to the ESWT group in VAS, PPT, and NDI (p <.05). Conclusion: IC therapy and ESWT applied to patients with upper trapezius myofascial pain syndrome are mediating methods of pain, function, and psychosocial effects. In addition, IC therapy may be a more effective mediating method for pain and dysfunction than ESWT.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2009

Objective: Two findings easily found at coronal source images of MR myelography (MRM) were evaluated : dorsal root ganglion (DRG) swelling and running course abnormality (RCA) of L5 exiting root at foramen or extraforamen. We tried to find the sensitivity of each finding when root was compressed. Methods: From 2004 July to 2006, one hundred and ten patients underwent one side paraspinal decompression for their L5 root foraminal or extraforaminal compression at L5-S1 level. All kinds of conservative treatments failed to improve leg symptom for several months. Before surgery, MRI, CT and MRM were done. Retrospective radiologic analysis for their preoperative MRM coronal source images was done to specify root compression sites and L5 root morphologic changes. Results: DRG swelling was found in 66 (60%) of 110 patients. DRG swelling has statistically valuable meaning in foraminal root compression (chi-square test, p<0.0001). Seventy-two (66%) in 110 patients showed abnormal alteration of running course. Abnormal running course has statistically valuable meaning in foraminal or extraforaminal root compression (chi-square test, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Three-dimensional MRM provides precise thin sliced coronal images which are most close to real operative views. DRG swelling and running course abnormality of L5 exiting root are two useful findings in diagnosing L5 root compression at L5-S1 foramen or extraforamen. MRM is thought to provide additional diagnostic accuracy expecially in L5-S1 foraminal and extraforaminal area.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.96-104
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• 1981

In order to investigate the characteristics of the shear strength of the unsaturated cohesive soils which has mean characters of sand and clay widely used for banking, I selected soil samples from An-sung district and, against it, performed direct shear test and unconfined compression test changing grain size, compaction energy and moisture content and also performed triaxial compression test under optimum moisture content. The results are as follows; 1.As the passing percent of the No. 200 sieve increased from 23.6% to 56.1%, cohesion increased from 0. 202kg/cm2 to 0. 398kg/cm2 under the direct shear test and from 0.38 kg/cm2 to 1. 05kg/cm2 under the tria4al compression test, internal friction angle decreased from 44. 78$^{\circ}$ to 34. 34$^{\circ}$ under the direct shear test and from 31. 88$^{\circ}$ to 13. 31$^{\circ}$ under the triaxial compression test. 2.Cohesion showed it's maximum value around OMC and internal friction angle showed a tendency to increase according to the decrease of water content but it's increasing ratio was relatively slow. 3.Decreasing ratio of cohesion and internal friction angle was relatively sensitive according to the decrease of compaction energy. 4.The smaller of the vertical stress and the coarser of the grain size of samples, changing of the volume showed a tendency to increase and as the increase of water content, the shear displacement (dh) at failure shear stress ($\tau$f) showed maximum and the $\tau$f-dh curve was gentle. 5.To synthesize the results of the direct shear test and the triaxial compression test, cohesion showed higher under the triaxial compression test and internal friction angle showed a tendeney to appear higher under the direct shear test. It seems that we can get correspondent results by removing the side friction of mold with soils and adjusting the vertical stress and shearing speed under the direct shear test.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.431-444
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• 2021

T-shaped column is usually used as side column in buildings, which is one of the weak members in structural system. This paper presented a quasi-static cyclic loading experiment of six specimens of reinforced concrete (RC) T-shaped columns under compression-flexure-shear-torsion combined loadings to investigate the effect in the ratio of torsion to moment (T/M) and axial compression ratio (n) and height-thickness ratio of flange plate (φ) on their seismic performance. Based on the test results, the failure characteristics, hysteretic curves, ductility, energy dissipation, stiffness degradation and strength degradation were analyzed. The results show that the failure characteristics of RC T-shaped columns mainly depend on the ratio of torsion to moment, which can be divided into bending failure, bending-torsion failure and shear-torsion failure. With the increase of T/M ratio, the torsion ductility coefficient increased, and in a suitable range, the torsion and horizontal displacement ductility coefficient of RC T-shaped columns could be effectively improved with the increase of axial compression ratio and the decrease of height-thickness ratio of flange plate. Besides, the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens mainly depended on the bending and shear energy dissipation capacity. On the other hand, the increase of axial compression ratio and the ratio of torsion to moment could accelerate the torsional and bending stiffness degradation of RC T-shaped columns. Moreover, the degradation coefficient of torsion strength was between 0.80 and 0.98, and that of bending strength was between 0.75 and 1.00.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2024

구급대원에게 심폐소생술은 매우 중요하나 이동하는 주들것에서 수행하는 가슴압박은 정확도가 떨어진다. 이 연구의 목적은 이동 중 주들것에서 수행하는 심폐소생술 효과를 높이기 위하여 C-step을 이용하여 주들것의 측면에서 가슴압박을 수행하는 것과 환자의 복부 위에 위치하여 가슴 압박을 수행하는 것에 대하여 차이를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 연구는 C-step 군 20명과 복부 위군 20명을 대상으로 이동 중 주들것에서 2분간 연속된 가슴압박을 수행하였다. 연구결과 C-step을 적용한 군에서 적정한 깊이(t=4.132, p=.000)와 속도(t=7.177, p=.000)를 나타내었으며 정확도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(t=6.774, p=.000). 또한 C-step을 적용한 군에서 위치불량(t=-5.197, p=.008)과 너무 얕은 오류가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 C-step을 장착한 주들것에서의 가슴압박은 심폐소생술의 질을 높이고 병원 전 환자의 생존율을 높이는데 도움을 줄 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.150-165
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• 1998

For the purpose of evaluating the effect of both direct retainer design and bony absorption degree around abutment of indirect retainer on the supporting tissue of abutment of indirect retainer, dislodging force was transmitted to unilateral distal extension RPD bases. Analysis of stress distributed within the supporting tissue around abutment of indirect retainer was carried out. Using three-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis method and the conclusion is a follows. 1. According to the extent of force which the direct retainer of the most distal abutment tooth, the amount of force transmitted to the abutment tooth of indirect retainer was small. 2. Of all the cases, Mandibular first premolar which was used abutment tooth of indirect retainer, buccal, mesial and distal sides represented compression stress and lingual side represented tensile stress. 3. The more bone resorption of abutment tooth of indirect retainer, the more distortion of buccal and distal side of abutment tooth was existed and the extent of compression stress which was existed and distal side to abutment tooth was large. 4. When the alveolar bone around the abutment with indircet retainer is normal. The amount of force transmitted on abutment with indirect retainer was small in the order of Akers clasp, RPA clasp, RPI clasp. 5. When the alveolar bone around the abutment with indirect retainer has been absorbed 20% and 30%, the amount of force transmitted on abutment with indirect retainer was small in the order of RPA calsp, RPI clasp, Akers clasp. 6. When denture is displaced, shape of the direct retainer reciprocating abutment affect much the function of indirect retainer.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1689-1703
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• 2020

When data is transmitted over an unreliable channel, the error of the data packet may result in serious degradation. The multiple description coding (MDC) can solve this problem and save transmission costs. In this paper, we propose a deep multiple description coding network (MDCN) to realize efficient image compression. Firstly, our network framework is based on convolutional auto-encoder (CAE), which include multiple description encoder network (MDEN) and multiple description decoder network (MDDN). Secondly, in order to obtain high-quality reconstructed images at low bit rates, the encoding network and decoding network are integrated into an end-to-end compression framework. Thirdly, the multiple description decoder network includes side decoder network and central decoder network. When the decoder receives only one of the two multiple description code streams, side decoder network is used to obtain side reconstructed image of acceptable quality. When two descriptions are received, the high quality reconstructed image is obtained. In addition, instead of quantization with additive uniform noise, and SSIM loss and distance loss combine to train multiple description encoder networks to ensure that they can share structural information. Experimental results show that the proposed framework performs better than traditional multiple description coding methods.