• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.58-73
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• 1995

Membrane filtration is a promising technology for efficient solid/liquid separation in water purification. In FY 1991, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japanese Government launched a comprehensive research project "MAC 21" for development of membrane technology and its application to public water supply. The project was conducted by the Water Purification Process Association (WPPA), under the supervision of the Institute of Public Health. By the research project from FY 1991 to FY 1993, we confirmed that microfiltration (MF)/ultrafiltration (UF) technology was applicable to water purification and MF/UF was a effective method for the removal of such contaminants as particulate matter and coliforms. The Guideline Committee organized under the Technical Committee prepared a the guidelines on application of membrane system to small-scale public water supplies, based on the results as written above. The guidelines has been published in Dec., 1994 by WPPA.4 by WPPA.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.433-439
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• 2020

As eco-friendly and sustainable architecture is becoming more popular, the interest in Korean traditional wooden buildings (Hanok) has also been increasing. The building technologies of the wooden construction have been actively developed in all over the world through the diversification of new materials and construction methods. On the other hand, the growth rate of wooden construction market is still slow in Korea. In an attempt to promote the Korean traditional wooden buildings, a comprehensive research project has been conducted. This R&D project is developing standard designs, new materials, and methods for modernized Hanok including houses, public buildings, long-span structures, and even high-rise buildings. To this end, the purpose of this study is to formulate a technological strategy for popularization of modernized Hanok. Influencing variables and issues are analyzed and defined first. At the same time, the five keywords have examined in the perspective of dissemination of modernized Hanok technology. Finally, a technology road map for strategic development of modernized Hanok is proposed through casual diagrams.

• KCID journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2012

In recent years, there have been a lot of severe flood and drought disasters and the rural environment have been worsened due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in the river basins of Korea. To prevent such disasters and to improve environment in the era of climate change, Korean Government carried out 110 projects to heighten irrigation dam in the rural area. The study has been carried out to evaluate the heightening work of the irrigation dam for the supply of reserved water and to derive optimal scheme to allocate the water resource for irrigation, domestic demand and environmental conservation as well as to contribute for the rural development in sustainable way. The study is focused on the Seoam Irrigation Dam which has been constructed in 2005 to be connected with the new Gami Reservoir which has been constructed since 2010. In addition, it was studied the contribution effect of the reservoirs for the adjacent comprehensive rural development projects which have been executed by local government. In the study, the principles and visions of sustainable development which have been derived by International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage is applied to estimate the sustainability of the irrigation dams in line with the adjacent comprehensive rural development projects. The project is estimated that the water resource in the reservoirs shall be used integratedly in cooperation with various stakeholders not only to conserve water environment but also to increase productivity of agricultural goods and ecological tour in the rural area.

• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.200-205
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• 2024

We conducted a comprehensive series of molecular biological studies aimed at unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) when used in conjunction with fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) for the management of benign biliary strictures (BBS). To decipher the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-fibrotic effects of corticosteroids on gallbladder mucosa, we conducted a comprehensive analysis. This analysis included various methodologies such as immunohisto-chemistry, ELISA, real-time PCR, and transcriptome analysis, enabling us to examine alterations in factors related to fibrosis and inflammation at both the protein and RNA levels. Overall, our findings revealed a dose-dependent decrease in fibrosis-related signaling with higher TA concentrations. The 15 mg of steroid treatment (1X) exhibited anti-fibrosis and anti-inflammatory effects after 4 weeks, whereas the 30 mg of steroid treatment (2X) rapidly reduced fibrosis and inflammation within 2 weeks in BBS. Transcriptomic analysis results consistently demonstrated significant downregulation of fibrosis- and inflammation-related pathways and genes in steroid-treated fibroblasts. Use of corticosteroids, specifically TA, together with FCSEMS was effective for the treatment of BBS, ameliorating fibrosis and inflammation. Our molecular biological analysis supports the potential development of steroid-eluted FCSEMS as a therapeutic option for BBS in humans resulting from various surgical procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide basic data to Si and Gun preparing for rural agreements in the future through consideration and case analysis for rural conventions, such things as living standards, hierarchical analysis methods, and general rural development projects. In the 1970s, sporadic and one-off projects focused on individual projects were repeatedly carried out in rural areas, which were undergoing dramatic changes in population movement, land use, landscape, economic growth and living. The keyword of the government's policy has changed to a way that existing rural development projects are planned and promoted by local governments themselves in conjunction with the issue of autonomy and decentralization. In addition, with the introduction of Rural Convention, the central and local governments are striving to achieve common policy goals. However, due to the lack of understanding of the Rural Convention introduced as a pilot project in 2020, the lack of living areas setting-standards, unclear classification of hierarchical structure, and excessive goal consciousness for general agricultural and fishing village development projects remain, fading the original purpose of the Rural Convention. Therefore, this study analyzed the seven reports of the Gyeongsang region selected in the 2021 Rural Convention to identify the characteristics of living area, hierarchical structure analysis, and detailed projects (rural center revitalization project, basic living base development project) and provided them as basic data. As a result of the study, first, according to the results of the hierarchical structure analysis, the first class was derived from 6 out of 7 Si and Gun. This is judged to be the result of the current rural population, social, and economic problems. Second, according to the results of the division of living areas, it was confirmed that except for one local government in seven cities and counties, the remaining six local governments were divided into three single living areas and three two living areas. This is the result obtained through a comprehensive review by overlapping the results of various analyses such as hierarchical analysis and resident surveys and OD data, and shows a different form from the existing upper or related plans. It is judged that this is the result of including qualitative contents such as residents' opinions along with various analyses when determining the living area. Third, the proportion of the budget for rural center revitalization and basic living base development projects to the total project cost subject to the Rural Convention was 59.6%, which was relatively higher than that of other general agricultural and fishing village development projects. It is judged that it is preferred because the unit project cost is relatively high in Si and Gun, and that quantitative results can be visually shown after the project is terminated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2020

The KSLV-II project with high difficulties technically requires thorough technical management during long-term life cycle more than 10 years for launching into space. The TRL is a quantitative indicator developed by NASA widely used all over the world to measure technology maturity of a system development objectively and consistently. The TRL is also used to make sure technology level and to establish a future direction in the KSLV-II project. The TRL has advantage enable to identify a technology level through quantitative indicators. However, it takes a lot of efforts such as trials and errors, time and cost to apply it to the project considering the project environments, and stakeholder needs. These include not only to establish TRL management plan from ideal, conceptual and abstractive standards/guidelines such as NASA's, but also to construct TRL management environment enable to apply and manage harmoniously. In the KSLV-II project, it is required to figure out current technology level and technology development trend in the future, to access conveniently, to share related data in real time, and to update periodically for the comprehensive TRL management. From the reason above, the TRL management environment was built by using the systems engineering tool already has been used for other system management data such as requirements in the project. It also could be accomplished a practical management basis of systems engineering from the traceability among system management data including TRL. In this paper, case study results are introduced to manage the TRL for the space launch vehicle using the systems engineering tool in the KSLV-II project.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2015

The comprehensive rural village development projects (CRVDP) have been carried out as the core one of the rural development schemes in Korea since 2004. CRVDP included the various rural experience programs to increase rural income and in order to promote rural community development in the project area. This study analyzed the operating management conditions, types and characteristics of the rural experience programs targeting the 168 CRVDPs have been completed so that the recommendations and lessons which were found the usefulness, challenges and improvements to the CRVDP can be provided to be better the same kinds of rural development projects. We identified the relationships between performances such as increasing village income and utilization of rural amenity resources to the CRVDP and operational management types of the rural experience programs as well. Employing principle component analysis and cluster analysis technique, this study found 5 clusters of rural experience programs among 168 CRVDPs. The results of analysis of variance indicated that there were significant the mean differences between clusters such as the utilization of rural amenity resources(0.01), income of rural experience programs(0.1). According to the result of the Chi-squire test, there was very significant differences between internet homepage operation and clusters(0.01). Finally, the analysis of covariance about the income of rural experience programs showed that there were significant the mean differences between clusters(0.05).

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.353-358
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• 2020

Recent efforts to develop a common standard for nuclear power plants (NPPs) with the aim of creating (1) a digital environment for a better understanding of NPPs life-cycle management aspect and (2) engineering data interoperability by using existing standards among different unspecified project participants (e.g., owners/operators, engineers, contractors, equipment suppliers) during plants' life cycle process (EPC, O&M, and decommissioning). In order to meet this goal, there is a need for formulating a standardized high-level physical breakdown structure (PBS) for NPPs project management office (PMO). However, high-level PBS must be comprehensive enough and able to represent the different types of plants and the new trends of technologies in the industry. This has triggered the need for addressing the issues of the recent operational NPPs and future technologies' ramification for evaluating the changes in the NPPs physical components in terms of structure, system, and component (SSC) configuration. In this context, this ongoing study examines the recent conventional NPPs and technological trends in the development of future NPPs facilities. New reactor models regarding the overlap of variant issues of nuclear technology were explored. Finally, issues on PBS for project management are explored by the examination of the configuration of NPPs primary system. The primary systems' configuration of different reactor models is assessed in order to clarify the need for analyzing the new trends in nuclear technology and to formulate a common high-level PBS. Findings and implications are discussed for further studies.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.385-396
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the economic efficiency of a nutrition management program for children under 5 years of age in Kenge, Kwango District, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) from 2014 to 2016. Methods: The economic efficiency of a nutrition management program for children under 5 years of age who have recovered from malnutrition status was evaluated using a cost-benefit analysis. The costs were analyzed according to the executed budget incurred during the project period. The benefits were estimated as the monetary value of the saved lives of children under 5 years of age. The economic efficiency of the program was determined by the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The BCR was calculated by dividing the total discounted benefit by the total discounted costs. The project is economically efficient when the BCR is greater than 1. Results: The costs of the nutrition management program were calculated as 1,677,609,648 Korean Won (KRW). A total of 2,466 children survived with improved malnutrition status through this program. The benefit for the reduction of mortality for children under 5 years of age was estimated to be 6,814,354,467 KRW, the estimated value of life for 2,466 children. The BCR was 4.06. Conclusions: The nutrition management program for children under 5 years of age in DR Congo was found to be a cost-effective project. Successful and efficient Official Development Assistance (ODA) for a health project requires integrated and comprehensive strategies and specialized international development consulting to improve efficiency. Future nutrition management programs should take into account the national health program to maintain the sustainability of the project.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

This paper suggested the improvement of marine environmental impact assessment of different types of project by analyzing the consultation on the coastal area utilization(133cases) of the coastal development project for 4years(2010-2013). According to the analysis results, the erosion protection project needs to precede the accurate analysis of erosion reasons, predict exactly possible problems and establish the systematic system to verify the effect of erosion protection by monitoring after projects. The construction projects of revetments and coastal roads have to require to sublate, examine the reliability in structures, give consideration to the problems of coastal erosion by increase of reflected waves. In addition, flooding protection projects have got to require to select the waves for evaluation items in conjunction with the effects of abnormal waves. furthermore, waterfront construction projects need to establish comprehensive and methodical space plans and reinforce the review to conserve the natural environment and conduct nature-friendly development. There are many problems inherently related to coastal development Project. To these problems, however, it is required to support the project on the side of the legislation and conduct additional studies reflecting the characteristics by sea areas and projects.