• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1995

To provide the basic information of buckwheat insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and efficient material for the buckwheat processed foodstuffs, buckwheat (Fagopyrum egculentum Moench) was germinated at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days and the contents and composition of the insoluble dietary fiber were examined at 24 hour intervals. The NDF and ADF contents in ungerminated seeds were 20.27%, 18.95% on dry weight basis, respectively. During the germination period, the NDF and ADF contents increased gradually. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents in ungerminated seeds were 11.10%, 1.32% and 7.85%, respectively. During the germination period, the cellulose and lignin contents increased. However, there was no significant change in the hemicellulose contents. The composition of cellulose and hemicellulose in the NDF decreased with germination time, whereas that of lignin increased. The IDF contents obtained by Prosky method were higher than the NDF contents obtained by Van Soest method. However, the IDF and NDF contents were closely correlated(r=0.9785, p<0.01). The cellulose(Xl), hemicellulose(X2), lignin(X3) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) (BL) showed the significant regression equation(p<0.001) with the root length(Y). The multiple regression equation was Y = -12.1306 + 0.9213xl - 0.1615$\times$2 + 0.1071$\times$3 + 0.7397$\times$4 and R2(coefficient of determination) was 0.942.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1142-1149
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• 1996

This study was conducted to determine changes in th contents and composition of dietary fiber during the growth of soybean sprout. Soybean was soaked in water at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs and cultivated at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days under dark condition. The soybean sprouts were divided into cotyledon and axis and sampled every 24hrs. The analysis methodlogies used were Van Soest's NDF, AOAC's ADF and lignin and Prosky's IDF, SDF, TDF. The weight of 100 sprouts increased gradually from 20.26g to 90.12g during the growth periods. The weight increased to 344.9% of the original weight. The germination rate was 100% after soaking at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs. Root length increased gradualy from 0.6cm at 1st day to 17.2cm at 7th day. The crude ash and crude fat contents showed no significant change in the cotyledon and axis. The crude protein contents increased in the cotyledon and axis, whereas the total carbohydrate content didn't have general tendency. The insoluble dietary fiber(IDF), soluble dietary fiber(SDF) and total dietary fiber(TDF) contents of cotyledon were no significantly different from 20.01%, 1.45%, 21.46% at 1st day to 22.75%, 2.07%, 24.82% at 7th day on dry basis. In axis those contents increased from 23.19%, 1.97%, 25.16% at 1st day to 32.78%, 3.02%, 35.80% at 7th day, respectively. The neutral detergent fiber(NDF) contents of cotyledon and axis increased from 4.35% to 6.39% and from 6.44% to 26.60% respectively on dry basis. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of cotyledon and axis increased from 2.84% to 4.91% and from 2.5% to 4.7%, but there were no significantly different in the hemicellulose and lignin contents on dry basis. The hemicellulose and lignin contents of axis increased with culture periods from 1.70% to 4.41% and from 0.20% to 2.11%, respectively. The cellulose contents increased from 4.54% to 20.35% on dry basis.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diet plus exercise training and detraining for 12 weeks on body composition, aerobic performance, and stress-related variables in obese women. [Methods] Twenty-five women in their 20s-40s with 30% body fat and body mass indices above 25 kg/m² were divided into HR_LT (heart rate at lactate threshold) and HR_LT + 5% groups. Dietary intervention of 70% recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and exercise treatment composed of aerobic exercises on a bicycle (30 min) and treadmill (30 min) were then performed. These interventions were performed three times a week for 12 weeks. [Results] Dietary intake was significantly decreased, while daily activity significantly increased within the 12-week intervention period, and this effect was sustained after 12 weeks of detraining. Exercise training based on dietary intake and daily activity presented a significantly decreased weight and % body fat, improvement of aerobic performance, and a significant increase in heart rate variability (HRV) (e.g., average of all RR intervals and the square root mean squared differences of successive RR intervals) as stress-related variables. It was also confirmed that the improvement of body composition and stress-related variables were maintained even after detraining. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that 70% RDA of dietary intervention and exercise training corresponding to HR_LT and HR_LT + 5% for 12 weeks were effective in improving body composition and aerobic performance, and relieving stress. In particular, enhanced HRV persisted for up to 12 weeks after the end of exercise training in obese women.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1990

Ethylcellulose-PEG 4000 film coated on core tablets was investigated as a potential drug delivery system for the controlled release of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM). The kinetic analysis of the release data indicated that CPM release followed a diffusion-controlled model, where the quantity released per unit area is proportional to the square root of time. The effect of the film composition, CPM concentration, plasticizer concentration and CPM solubility on the release characteristics were examined. The release rate constant increased as CPM concentration increased. It also increased as the PEG 4000 content in the film increased above 10%(w/w), however, it decreased as the PEG 4000 content increased in the concentration range below 10%(w/w). The release rate constant was not affected by the coated weight on the core tablet. The film-coated tablets which contain CPM only in the coated film layer seemed to be a potential oral drug delivery system for the controlled release of CPM.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2005

In the present study, we investigated the tolerance of Commelina communis to growth in Cu-contaminated soil and water We examined the germination rate, root and shoot growth of seedlings, fresh biomass in soil and water, and ability to eliminate Cu. We found that C. communis eliminated 41% of Cu in soil containing 50 mg Cu/kg and removed over 50% of Cu from water containing 100 mg Cu/L Cu. In addition, the plants could accumulate 90 mg Cu/g when grown in soil containing 50 mg Cu/kg and 140 mg Cu/g when grown in soil containing 100 mg Cu/kg thus higher levels of Cu removal were observed in soils containing higher Cu concentrations. In water, the maximal accumulation rate was 4.9 mg Cu/g root and 1.2 mg Cu/g shoot in water containing 20 mg Cu/L, and 7 days after exposure, Cu absorption saturated. Further, the growth rate of C. communis was not affected by up to 100 mg Cu/kg in the soil. Therefore, the phytotoxic effect of Cu on plants increased as the concentration of Cu was raised, although to different extents depending on whether the Cu was in soil or water. Overall, Cu removal from soil by C. communis was most effective at 100 mg Cu/kg in soil and 10 mg Cu/L in water. Finally, we identified two peaks of Cu-binding ligands in C. communis. Which is a high molecular weight peak (HMWL) at 60 kDa (Fraction 17 to 25) and a Cu binding peptide peak at <1 kDa (Very low molecular weight ligand: VLMWL). Cu-binding peptide (Cu-BP) was observed to have an amino acid composition typical of phytochelations.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.503-511
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Ginger, a root vegetable, is known to have antioxidant and antiobesity effects. Preparation, such as by steaming, can affect the chemical composition of prepared root vegetables or herbs and can change their functional activities. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of steamed ginger against oxidative stress and steatosis in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. MATERIAL/METHODS: The levels of polyphenols and flavonoids in two different extracts of steamed ginger, i.e., water extract (SGW) and ethanolic extract (SGE); as well, their antioxidant activities were examined. Forty male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND, n = 10), high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat, w/w, n = 10), HFD supplemented with 200 mg/kg of SGE or garcinia (GAR) by weight (SGED or GARD, respectively, n = 10) for 12 weeks. Serum chemistry was examined, and the expressions of genes involved in lipid metabolism were determined in the liver. Histological analysis was performed to identify lipid accumulations in epididymal fat pads and liver. RESULTS: The SGE had higher contents of polyphenols and flavonoids and higher DPPH and $ABTS^+$ free radical scavenging activities compared to those of SGW. Treatment with SGE or GAR significantly decreased the HFD-induced weight gain. Both SGE and GAR significantly reduced the high serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein levels induced by HFD. Compared to ND, HFD significantly increased hepatic TC and TG levels. SGE or GAR supplementation significantly decreased the increase of hepatic lipids by HFD. Interestingly, SGE had a more significant effect in reducing hepatic TC and TG levels than GAR. Furthermore, hepatic genes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis were altered in both the SGED and GARD groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that steamed ginger supplementation can decrease plasma TC and TG and can inhibit liver steatosis by regulating the expressions of hepatic genes.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2016

Background: The photosynthetic efficiency cool-season, semi-shade ginseng is normal at low morning temperatures, but drops at high afternoon temperatures. Therefore, optimal plant performance would be ensured if it were possible to control daily light transmission rates (LTR). Methods and Results: Plants were grown in a controlled light environment that replicated 11 AM conditions and comparatively analyzed against plant grown under normal conditions. Growth in the controlled light environment resulted in a 2.81 fold increase in photosynthetic efficiency with no change in chlorophyll content, although LTR were high due to low morning temperatures. Increased aerial plant growth was observed in the ginseng plants adapted to the controlled light environment, which in turn influenced root weight. An 81% increase in fresh root weight (33.3 g per plant on average) was observed in 4-year-old ginseng plants grown in controlled light environment compared to the plants grown following conventional practices (18.4 g per plant on average). With regard to the inorganic composition of leaves of 4-year-old ginseng plants grown in controlled light environment, an increased in Fe content was observed, while Mn and Zn content decreased, and total ginsenoside content of roots increased 2.37 fold. Conclusions: Growth of ginseng under a favorable light environment, such as the condition which exist naturally at 11 AM and are suitable for the plant's photosynthetic activity creates the possibility of large scale production, excellent-quality ginseng.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2005

콩나물의 품질은 세근형성 정도에 크게 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 기능성 물질을 함유하고 있으면서도 세근형성 억제용 BA를 대체할 수 있는 물질을 탐색하고자 풍산나물콩, 소원콩, 준저리 종자를 이용하여 녹차와 두충 잎, 옥수수 종자 추출물과 현재 콩나물 생산에 이용되고 있는 황토와 키토산이 콩나물의 세근형성, 생장 및 형태에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 수행되었던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상품성이 높은 하배축 길이가 7 cm 이상의 비율은 풍산나물콩과 소원콩보다 준저리에서 현저히 낮았던 반면, 상품으로 출하가 불가능한 하배축 길이가 4 cm 이하의 비율은 이와 반대의 결과를 보였다. 이러한 경향은 여타 처리보다는 두충잎 추출물 처리에서 가장 현저하였다. 2. 두충잎 추출물을 처리할 경우 소원콩에서는 세근이 대부분 형성되나, 풍산나물콩, 준저리 순으로 현저히 감소되었으나 여타 처리에서는 품종간 차이가 없었다. 세근형성 개체의 세근수는 두충잎 추출물을 처리할 경우 가장 적었으며, 키토산 처리를 제외한 여타 처리에서는 소원콩에서 가장 많았던 반면, 준저리에서 가장 적은 경향을 보였다. 3. 준저리에서 가장 짧았던 콩나물 길이는 녹차잎 추출물 처리에서 가장 길었던 반면, 두충잎 추출물 처리에서 가장 짧았다. 이러한 길이의 차이는 하배축과 뿌리 모두의 차이에 기인되었다. 4. 준저리에서 가장 적었던 개체당 전체생체중도 콩나물 길이와 유사한 길이를 보였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1986

버미큐라이트 폿드 시험으로 묘삼(苗蔘)의 양액재배(養液栽培)에서 N.P.K.의 수준(水準)을 달리하여 근중 ginsenoside의 함량변화(含量變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. 이들 중 어느 하나의 결제 또는 증가는 사포닌 함량(含量)의 증가 또는 감소를 보였다. 사포닌 함량에 영향을 가장 크게 주는 것은 질소이고(15.5%에서 8.9%) P.K.의 순(順)이었다. 각 ginsenoside 함량에서도 유사(類似)한 결과를 보였다. 양분환경변화에 의한 함량변이(含量變異)의 순위(順位)는 $Rd>Rb_1>Rg_1+Rf>Rc>Rg_2{\geqq}Rb_2>Re$로 Re가 가장 둔감하며 다른 요인에 관하여도 둔감할 것으로 보였다. Diol 총량이 triol 총량보다 민감하나 이들의 비(比)는 절반의 변이계수를 보였다. 영양조건에 의한 각(各) ginsenoside의 변이(變異)는 그 함량(含量)과는 무관(無關)하였다. Ginsenoside pattern의 유사도(類似度)는 총 사포닌 함량에 차이가 큰 처리간에서 낮아졌다. 뿌리의 생육(生育)은 수도수구(水道水區)에서만 유의성있게 적었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1013-1022
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• 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread soil endophytic fungi, forming mutualistic relationships with the vast majority of land plants. Biochar (BC) has been reported to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. However, limited studies are available concerning the combined effects of AMF and BC on soil community structure and plant growth. In this work, a pot experiment was designed to investigate the effects of AMF and BC on the rhizosphere microbial community of Allium fistulosum L. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing, we showed that inoculation of AMF and BC had a significant impact on soil microbial community composition, diversity, and versatility. Increases were observed in both plant growth (the plant height by 8.6%, shoot fresh weight by 12.1%) and root morphological traits (average diameter by 20.5%). The phylogenetic tree also showed differences in the fungal community composition in A. fistulosum. In addition, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that 16 biomarkers were detected in the control (CK) and AMF treatment, while only 3 were detected in the AMF + BC treatment. Molecular ecological network analysis showed that the AMF + BC treatment group had a more complex network of fungal communities, as evidenced by higher average connectivity. The functional composition spectrum showed significant differences in the functional distribution of soil microbial communities among different fungal genera. The structural equation model (SEM) confirmed that AMF could improve the microbial multifunctionality by regulating the rhizosphere fungal diversity and soil properties. Our findings provide new information on the effects of AMF and biochar on plants and soil microbial communities.