• 열처리공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Four air hardening steels with carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, and molybdenum variations have been used in this study to find out the optimal chemical compositions of steels with over 1200 MPa tensile strength for automotive subframe. The dimensional changes after heat treatment were determined for two automotive parts with open and closed cross sections using 3D scanner. When four steels were austenitized at 900℃ for 30 seconds, cooled at 3℃/s, reheated to 450℃ for 10 seconds followed by air cooling to simulate hot-dip galvanizing treatment showed ultra high tensile strength over 1200 MPa. Rear floor cross member with open cross section revealed much bigger dimensional changes than subframe with closed cross section after heat treatment at 900℃ for 20 minutes followed by air cooling.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2002

Recently the change of social environment has influence on the conditions of space for the community welfare center. And so the relation of space and function required the change. The important role of the social welfare center is family welfare, domiciliary and community care, community organization etc. In this sence, this study explore the condition of space planning for the community welfare center. For this study, it was reviewed the role and function, the service program, the usage characteristics. In sum, the useful data were collected, analyzed, and synthesized through case study and could be used in the guidelines as reference information for the future centers.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2017

Eight types of LED packages were manufactured according to the type and composition ratio of phosphors by using commercially available white LED phosphors. CRI (Ra), a conventional color quality evaluation method was evaluated by using manufactured white LED; the Rf, Rg, color vector graphic, and color distortion graphic were evaluated with a new method, IES TM-30-15. The results of the evaluation confirmed that the new method compensated for the disadvantages of CRI, which was found to be inadequate when the color was saturated. The added evaluation index identified the chroma variation and color change. Furthermore, the study showed that the changes of Rf and Rg are small when controlling phosphors based on CRI, questioningthe necessity of identifyingchroma variation and color change.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.277-282
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• 2004

A Study traditional folk house and primary factor from investigation of Wang-Gok villages space composition program which is contains regional color, economy, rationality. From that's all, Analysis the effect of modern life style to folk house space pattern change and a primary factor of northern traditional fork house type of Korea. 1. Analysis and arrangement space composition structure about natural${\cdot}$geographical${\cdot}$cultural environment. 2. Examination existing commoner's house research by a region, space program for understanding house pattern, specially double rows which are partitioned by walls in northern part of Young-Dong region. 3. Analysis folk house character and object house information. by the way, Investigation changing of commoner's house space program with modem life style.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2010

The micro Vickers hardness and internal stress of Ni-Fe metal thin film synthesized by electrodeposition method at $25^{\circ}C$ were studied as a function of bath composition, and surface microstructure and atomic compositions of thin films were investigated by SEM and EDS. And the shape change of $200\;{\AA}$ Ni-Fe nanowires made using anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) templates by electrodeposition method were observed by SEM as a function of ultrasonic treatment time and bath composition. The Fe deposition contents on the substrate non-linearly increased with Fe ion concentration over total metal ion concentration. In case of low Fe contents film, the grain size is smaller and denser than high Fe contents deposited films, and the micro Vickers hardness increased with Fe contents of electrodeposited films. These results affected the shape change of nanowire after ultrasonic treatments.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.305-311
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• 1994

In this paper, a change of fracture toughness and hardness in PZT-PYW ceramics system before and after poling treatment was measured to investigate the effect of composition on the mechanical properties in PZT-PYW ceramics. The hardness of the PZT-PYW ceramics increased with increasing mole fraction of PYW. The fracture toughness achieved maximum values for x=0.03. Both of the hardness and the fracture toughness also increased with poling treatment. The variation of both hardness and fracture toughness with increasing PYW mole fracture was explained by the change in microstructures such as grain size and second phase. The difference in hardness and fracture toughness in the electrically poled and unpoled specimens was also explained on the bases of internal stress.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제6권11호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2000

With the change of funeral customs, funeral facilities in general hospitals are prevailing in recent years. In order to cope with this change, many funeral facilities are built in hospitals in significant sizes. Architectural considerations for funeral facilities are to be developed. In this research, based on the case analysis of the funeral facilities which are in operation, characteristics of spatial composition in those facilities are analyzed from the viewpoint of users and the result is organized in to a set of proposed guidelines for their space design. The analysis includes definition and classification of functional space, plan type, circulation and spatial atmosphere.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the change according to income bracket and the trade-off between expenditure items by analyzing expenditure patterns of the urban households as a reset of the IMF. The results of this study are as follows; The composition percentage and the amount of consumption expenditure of urban households after IMF decrease in all classes. But the change of composition percentage by the decrease of consumption expenditure is different in every class. The percentage of decrease of the upper class is higher than that of the lower class in an essential expenditure of household, which is food. And the percentage of decrease of the lower class is higher than that of the higher class in the discretionary expenditures such as clothes and education.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to present elementary data for space programming of pharmacy department in Korean Herb Medicine Hospital. The space composition of pharmacy department have been changed according to pharmaceutical service. In conclusion, the necessary spaces consist of medicine window, dispensary, herb medicine storeroom and decoction room. The selectable spaces consist of laboratory, processing room, manufacturing room and amenities for employees. This study suggest 2 types of space composition model according to total floor area and building scope. The location and area of pharmacy department change by means of change and growth of Korean Herb Medicine Hospital.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

Biological treatment systems generally can be divided into two main classes of a suspended sludge process and attached one like a fluidized bed reactor. These process are considered to bring remarkable change in species composition of microorganisms, due to difference of a state of biofilm, a concentration and diffusion velocity of dissolved oxygen, a concentration and diffusion velocity of substance or poisonous matter. The change of species composition bring different treatment result for influence factors like F/M ratio, DO concentration, pH or poisonous matter. This study is to investigate the reaction characteristics of both microorganisms, namely, a suspended sludge and attached sludge, through the changes of pH, temperature and substance concentration.