• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2023

To increase the stiffness and strength of a reinforced concrete shear wall, steel plates are bolted to the sides of the wall. The general behavior of a composite concrete-steel shear wall is dependent on the buckling of the steel plates that should be prevented. In this paper, the unilateral buckling of steel plates of a composite shear wall is studied using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. To model the unilateral buckling of steel plate, the restraining concrete wall is described as an elastic foundation with high stiffness in compression and zero stiffness in tension. To consider the effect of bolt connections on the plate's buckling, a constrained optimization problem is solved by using Lagrange multipliers method. This process is used to obtain the critical elastic local buckling coefficients of unilaterally-restrained steel plates with various numbers of bolts, subjected to pure compression, bending and shear loading, and the interaction between them. Using these results, the spacing between shear bolts in composite steel plate shear walls is estimated and compared with the results of the AISC seismic provisions (2016). The results show that the AISC seismic provisions(2016) are overly conservative in obtaining the spacing between shear bolts.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2011

The behavior of connections between open sandwich slabs and double steel skin composite walls in steel plate-concrete(SC) structure is investigated by a series of experimental programs to identify the roles of components in the transfer of forces. Such connections are supposed to transfer shear by the action of friction on the interface between the steel surface and the concrete surface, as well as the shear resistance of the bottom steel plate attached to the wall. Experimental observation showed that shear transfer in slabs subjected to shear in short spans is explained by direct force transfer via diagonal struts and indirect force transfer via truss actions. Shear resistance at the interface is enhanced by the shear capacity of the shear plate as well as friction caused by the compressive force along the wall plate. Shear friction resistance along the wall plate was deduced from experimental observation. Finally, the appropriate design strength of the connection is proposed for a practical design purpose.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2020

Sandwich composite wall consists of concrete core attached by two external steel faceplates. It combines the advantage of steel and concrete. The appropriate composite action between steel faceplate and concrete core is achieved by using adequate mechanical connectors. This research studied the compressive behavior of the sandwich composite walls using steel trusses to bond the steel faceplates to concrete infill. Four short specimens with different wall width and thickness of steel faceplate were designed and tested under axial compression. The test results were comprehensively evaluated in terms of failure modes, load versus axial and lateral deformation responses, resistance, stiffness, ductility, strength index, and strain distribution. The test results showed that all specimens exhibited high resistance and good ductility. Truss connectors offer better restraint to walls with thinner faceplates and smaller wall width. In addition, increasing faceplate thickness is more effective in improving the ultimate resistance and axial stiffness of the wall.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.379-384
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• 2001

This paper presents the experimental result of composite basement wall in which H-pile and reinforced concrete wall are combined using shear connector. Twelve specimens are tested to evaluate the shear capacity of the wall. Main variables in the test are composite ratio, arrangement of shear connector, thickness of wall, shear span ratio, and shear reinforcement. Test results indicate that the shear capacity of test specimens varies with the foregoing variables except the composite ratio. The results are compared with strengths predicted using the equations of ACI 318-99, Zsutty, and Bazant. Based on this investigation, a method for predicting the shear strength of composite basement walls is proposed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.525-545
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• 2020

This paper presents a new structural system to use as retaining walls. In civil works, there is a general trend to use traditional reinforced concrete (RC) retaining walls to resist soil pressure. Despite their good resistance, RC retaining walls have some disadvantages such as need for huge temporary formworks, high dense reinforcing, low construction speed, etc. In the present work, a composite wall with only one steel plate (steel-concrete) is proposed to address the disadvantages of the RC walls. In the proposed system, steel plate is utilized not only as tensile reinforcement but also as a permanent formwork for the concrete. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed SC composite system, an experimental program that includes nine SC composite wall specimens is developed. In this experimental study, the effects of different parameters such as distance between shear connectors, length of shear connectors, concrete ultimate strength, use of compressive steel plate and compressive steel reinforcement are investigated. In addition, a 3D finite element (FE) model for SC composite walls is proposed using the finite element program ABAQUS and load-displacement curves from FE analyses were compared against results obtained from physical testing. In all cases, the proposed FE model is reasonably accurate to predict the behavior of SC composite walls under out-of-plane loads. Results from experimental work and numerical study show that the SC composite wall system has high strength and ductile behavior under flexural loads. Furthermore, the design equations based on ACI code for calculating out-ofplate flexural and shear strength of SC composite walls are presented and compared to experimental database.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2010

This study investigates how to apply composite material to the blast loading protection devices, mainly used for military purpose. Traditionally, earth-filled blast walls have been used for protecting important parts of military facilities and personnels. However these types of blast walls show difficulty in fabrication and portability because of their nature of heavy weight. Composite materials are known to have relatively higher specific stiffness and strength than any other metallic and earth-filled materials such as sand and gravels. Totally 4 times of TNT blast experiments were performed on the carbon/epoxy blast walls. After the end of each test, the improvement of blast wall was implemented to the structure. The test results show that the use of composite material in the blast protecting area is the one of very effective and reliable alternatives.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.709-718
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• 2018

Masonry walls are sometimes removed in buildings to either make new passages or increase the usable space. This may change the loading paths in the structure, and require new beams to transfer the loads which are carried by the masonry walls that are to be removed. One possible method of creating such new beams is to attach steel plates onto part of the existing walls to form a steel plate-masonry composite (SPMC) beam, leading to a new structure with part of the masonry wall supported by a new SPMC beam. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the interaction between the SPMC beam and the masonry wall above. Five SPMC beams supporting a masonry wall were tested to study the influence of parameters including the height-to-span ratio of the masonry wall, height of the beam and thickness of the steel plates. The test results, including failure mode, load-carrying capacity, load-deflection curves and strain distribution, are presented and discussed. It is found that for developing better arching effect in the masonry wall the ratio of the in-plane flexural stiffness of the masonry wall to the flexural stiffness of the SPMC beam must be between 2.8 and 7.1.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제13권 2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2022

Prefabricated exterior wall panel is the main non-load-bearing component of assembly building, which affects the comprehensive performance of thermal insulation and durability of the building. It is of great significance to develop new prefabricated exterior wall panel with durable and lightweight characteristics for the development of energy-saving and assembly building. In the prefabricated sandwich insulation hanging wall panel, the selection of material for the outer layer and the arrangement of the connector of the inner and outer wall layers affect the mechanical performance and durability of the wall panels. In this paper, high performance cement-based composites (HPFRC) are used in the outer layer of the new type wall panel. FRP bars are used as the interface connector. Through experiments and analysis, the influence of the arrangement of connectors on the mechanical behaviors of thin-walled composite wall panel and the panel with window openings under two working conditions are investigated. The failure modes and the role of connectors of thin-walled composite wallboard are analyzed. The influence of the thickness of the wall layer and their combination on the strain growth of the control section, the initial crack resistance, the ultimate bearing capacity and the deformation of the wall panels are analyzed. The research work provides a technical reference for the engineering design of the light-weight thin-walled and durable composite sandwich wall panel.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1014-1019
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• 2004

The development of both economical and consistent structure is strongly required for the whole reorganization of the railway network in Korea. Retaining wall is one of the major structures in the vicinity of the railway, which needs improving its external appearance and stability. Therefore, this study presents a new type of retaining wall, so called short-fiber composite reinforced retaining wall, as an alternative of retaining walls, which can be used for constructing the slope and roadbed soil structures. The results from real-scale test and dynamic numerical analysis for developed new one, which helps both the improvement of the external appearance and also the optimum use of the limited space near the railway, show excellent performance. On the basis of these results, it is judged that short-fiber composite reinforced retaining wall has the advantages of choosing the front wall freely and having a chance to use any low quality soil as backfill.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.405-418
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• 2020

The application of double-skin composite wall should meet different layout plans. However, most available research focused on the rectangular section with uniform axial compression. In this research, the structural behavior of double-skin composite wall with L section was studied. Due to the unsymmetric geometric characteristics, the considered loading condition combined the axial compression and biaxial bending. Five specimens were designed and tested under eccentric compression. The variables in the test included the width of the web wall, the truss spacing, the thickness of the steel faceplate, and the thickness of the web wall. The test results were discussed in terms of the load-displacement responses, buckling behavior, stiffness, ductility, strength utilization, strain distribution. Two modern codes were employed to predict the interaction between the axial compression and the biaxial bending. The method to calculate the available bending moment along the two directions was proposed. It was found that CECS 159:2004 offers more suitable results than AISC 360.