• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2008

본 연구는 3차원 유한요소 분석법적 연구를 통해 쐐기형 비우식성 치경부병소의 복합레진 수복물에서 다른 탄성계수를 가진 복합레진의 수복과 와동의 형태와 응력의 방향에 따른 응력분포의 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 발거된 상악 제2소구치를 Micro-CT로 스캔한 후 3D-DOCTOR로 3차원유한요소 모형을 제작하였다. 제작된 소구치 모형에 쐐기형 와동과 변형시킨 와동을 형성하고 각 와동을 탄성계수가 서로 다른 혼합형 복합레진 또는 흐름성 복합레진으로 수복하였다. 수복 전, 후 협측교두와 설측교두에 500N의 하중을 가한 후 응력분포를 ANSYS 프로그램을 이용하여 주 응력 분석법으로 평가한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수복 전 응력은 근심측 백악법랑경계와 와동저 선각부에 집중되었으며 최대응력은 근심협측우각부에서 나타났다. 2. 와동수복 후 와동저 선각의 응력은 현저히 감소했으나 치경부측 변연의 응력은 수복전보다 증가하였다. 3. 쐐기형태의 병소의 수복 시 와동저 선각부는 탄성계수가 높은 재료가 유리하고 치경부측 변연은 탄성계수가 낮은 재료가 유리하였다. 4. 와동저 선각부를 둥글게 변화시키는 것은 압축응력은 감소시키지 않으나 인장응력은 감소시켰다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2007

이 연구의 목적은 쐐기형 비우식성 5등급와동을 복합레진으로 수복하기 전, 후에 과도한 교합력에 의한 응력분포 변화를 비교 연구하기 위함이었다. 발치된 상악 제 2소구치를 이용하여 쐐기형 비우식성 치경부병소를 가진 3차원 유한요소모형을 제작한 후 탄성계수가 서로 다른 혼합형 복합레진과 흐름성 복합레진으로 각각 충전하고 이때의 상아질 접착제의 두께는 $40{\mu}m$로 하였다. 협측교두와 설측교두에 500 N의 하중을 각각 가한 후 ANSYS 프로그램을 이용하여 주응력분석법으로 병소의 심부와 와동 수직병의 응력분포를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻?B다. 1. 협측교두에 하중이 가해지면 병소에 압축응력이 나타나고, 설측교두에 가해지면 인장응력이 나타난다. 두 가지 하중에서 모두 병소의 근심 끝 부위와 인접한 백악법랑경계 그리고 병소의 심부에 응력이 집중되었다. 2. 응력의 집중을 보였던 병소의 금심부근과 심부는 수복 후 응력이 많이 감소하였으며 대신 다른 부위에서는 응력이 약간 증가하였다. 3. 병소의 근심부위와 심부는 흐름형 복합레진으로 수복하였을 때 보다 혼합형 복합레진으로 수복하였을 때 응력이 더 많이 감소하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1055-1064
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• 2000

First, various specimen geometries, namely, coupon type, waisted type and dog-bone type, were examined to determine appropriate fatigue specimen of thermoplastic composite material AS4/PEEK and the n, fatigue strength of smooth and notched specimens of AS4/PEEK [-45/0/+45/90]2s was investigated. Fatigue tests were performed under load controlled condition at a stress ratio of 0. 1 at a frequency of 5Hz. Stiffness degradation of specimens with fatigue cycling was monitored using an automated unloading compliance technique. The waisted type specimen is found appropriate for smooth fatigue specimen geometry of AS4/PEEK. As for the effect of stress concentration, it is found that fatigue strength is higher for a 2mm-diameter hole notched specimen than a 5mm-diameter one. Fatigue notch factor decreases with the increase of fatigue life. These results are far different from the trend of fatigue strength of metallic materials. The stiffness variation of smooth specimen was only 4% at maximum until final fracture. On the other hand, the stiffness of hole notched specimen was reduced by 45% at maximum. Notched fatigue strength was compared between thermoplastic composite AS4/PEEK and thermosetting composite Graphite/Epoxy. In long-life fatigue (>104), the AS4/PEEK composite shows superior fatigue strength, but in short-life fatigue, the fatigue strength of the Graphite/Epoxy composite is nearly equal or somewhat higher than that of the AS4/PEEK composite.

• 유변학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 1991

In an effort to predict the long term durability of carbon fiber/epoxy composites in a space environ-ment interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites was measured as a function of 0.5 MeV electron radiation dosage. For the ILSS measurements a notch method (ASTM D3846) was used with and without side-supports. the supports were used to prevent peeling or bending during the test. The ILSS of both T300/ 5209 longitudinal composite system increases monotonically with radiation when the test is corried out without the support the ILSS of the composites increases initially but then decreases with further radiation. It is also observed that the ILSS of the unsupported case is much lower than that of the supported case. Measurement of epoxy modulus shows that the elastic modulus increases monotonically with radiation. But the breaking strength of the epoxy decreases with radiation. Electron Spectroscopy for Chemcal Analysis shows that the oxygen contents at both the pure epoxy surface and the composite fracture surface increase with radiation dose resulting in the increase of polarity at the interfacial region. This may be a supporting evidence for the increase in the ILSS of the composites.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2007

Alumina/silver ($Al_2O_3/Ag$) nanocomposites with Ag content up to 9 vol% were prepared from nanopowder by soaking method using ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ of needle type and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The mechanical properties of specimens were investigated three-point flexural strength and toughness as a function of the Ag contents. The maximum flexural strength of the alumina/silver nanocomposite was 850 MPa for the 1 vol% composite, and also higher than monolith alumina as about 800 MPa at 3, 5, and 7 vol% Ag contents. Fracture toughness by single edged V-notch beam (SEVNB) was $4.05MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ for the 3 vol% composite and maintained about $4.00MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ at 5, and 7 vol% Ag content. Microstructure of fracture surface for each fracture specimens was observed. Due to the inhibition effect of alumina grain growth, the average grain size of nanocomposites depends on the content of Ag nano particles. The fracture morphology of nanocomposite with dislocation (sub-grain boundary) by silver nano-particles of second phases in the alumina matrix also showed transgranular fracture-mode compare with intergranular of monolith alumina. Thermal conductivity of specimens at room temperature was about 40 W/mK for the 1 vol% Ag content.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 1993

Plastic기 복합재료의 파괴거동에 미치는 원공크기오 판폭의 영향을 검토하기 위하여 단축인장시험을 행하였다. 점응력파손조건에서의 특성길이 $d_o$는 원공크기 및 판폭에 의존하며, 이를 기초로 파손강도를 예측하기 위한 수정 점응력 파손조건식을 제안하였다. 이 파손조건의 예측값은 실험값과 잘 일치하였다. 파손 강도는 원공선단의 손상비의 증가에 따라 증가하며, 이는 손상영역의 형성으로 인한 응력완화현상으로 설명되어 진다. 또한 불안정 파괴시의 최대균열길이 $a_c$는 특성길이 $d_o$의 약 2배의 값을 나타낸다. 파괴인성에 대응하는 한계에너지해방율 $G_c$의 변화는 원공선단의 손상영역의 증가에 의한 응력완화가 주요한 원인이라고 할 수 있다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2005

This study is to investigate a damage estimation of single edge notched tensile specimens as a function of acoustic emission(AE) according to the uni-directionally oriented carbon fiber/epoxy composites, CFRP In fiber reinforced composite materials, AE signals due to several types of failure mechanisms are typically observed. These are due to fiber breakage, fiber pull-out matrix cracking, delamination, and splitting or fiber bundle breaking. And these are usually discriminated on the basis of amplitude distribution, event counts, and energy related parameters. In this case, AE signals were analyzed and classified 3 regions by AE event counts, energy and amplitude for corresponding applied load. Bath-tub curve shows 3 distinct periods during the lifetime of a single-edge-notch(SEN) specimen. The characterization of AE generated from CFRP during SEN tensile test is becoming an useful tool f3r the prediction of damage failure or/and failure mode analysis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.411-426
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• 2001

This paper treats the failure analysis of prestressing steel wires with different kinds of localised damage in the form of a surface defect (crack or notch) or as a mechanical action (transverse loads). From the microscopical point of view, the micromechanisms of fracture are shear dimples (associated with localised plasticity) in the case of the transverse loads and cleavage-like (related to a weakest-link fracture micromechanism) in the case of cracked wires. In the notched geometries the microscopic modes of fracture range from the ductile micro-void coalescence to the brittle cleavage, depending on the stress triaxiality in the vicinity of the notch tip. From the macroscopical point of view, fracture criteria are proposed as design criteria in damage tolerance analyses. The transverse load situation is solved by using an upper bound theorem of limit analysis in plasticity. The case of the cracked wire may be treated using fracture criteria in the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics on the basis of a previous finite element computation of the stress intensity factor in the cracked cylinder. Notched geometries require the use of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics and numerical analysis of the stress-strain state at the failure situation. A fracture criterion is formulated on the basis of the critical value of the effective or equivalent stress in the Von Mises sense.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.472-478
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 FRP의 파괴인성평가를 위한 기초적인 자료를 얻기 위하여 FRP 중에서도 널리 사용되고 있는 SMC재를 준비하고 3점 굽힘시험을 실시하여 노치선단에서의 손상거동 및 균열진전저항유선으로부터 안정파괴개시점을 검토하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.416-427
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• 1998

Unidirectional commingled-yarn-based carbon fiber(CF)/polyamide(PA) 6 composite was fabricated under molding pressures of 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0 MPa to study its flexural deformation and fracture behavior. Fiber/matrix interfacial bonding area became larger with an increase of molding pressure from 0.4 to 0.6 MPa. For molding pressures .geq. 0.6 MPa, good flexural performance of similar magnitudes was attained. For the fracture test, four kinds of notch direction were adopted : edgewise notches parallel (L) and transverse (T) to the major direction of fiber bundles, and flatwise notches parallel(ZL) and perpendicular(ZT) to this direction. Nominal bend strength for L and ZL specimens exhibited high sensitivity to notching. ZL specimens revealed the lowest values of the critical stress intensity factor $K_c$ which was slightly superior to those of unfilled PA6 matrix. Enlargement of the compression area for T specimens was analyzed by means of the rigidity reduction resulting from the fracture occurrence.