• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.142-147
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• 2018

We present a practical design algorithm for quantizers at nodes in distributed systems in which each local measurement is quantized without communication between nodes and transmitted to a fusion node that conducts estimation of the parameter of interest. The benefits of vector quantization (VQ) motivate us to incorporate the VQ strategy into our design and we propose a low-complexity design technique that seeks to assign vector codewords into sets such that each codeword in the sets should be closest to its associated local codeword. In doing so, we introduce new distance metrics to measure the distance between vector codewords and local ones and construct the sets of vector codewords at each node to minimize the average distance, resulting in an efficient and independent encoding of the vector codewords. Through extensive experiments, we show that the proposed algorithm can maintain comparable performance with a substantially reduced design complexity.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.2039-2042
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a technique used to simplify the trellis diagram, thus, reduce the complexity of Viterbi decoder in term of the number of Compare-Select (CS) operations needs in decoding process. It is shown that if the branch metrics are properly decomposed into orthogonal components. The trellis diagram can be modified that each original state with large number branches terminating to it can be broken into a number of sub-states having smaller number of branches terminating to them. Simulation results shown that the newly proposed technique can be used reduced the complexity of 8 and 16 PSK-TCMs without degrading the BER performance.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.480-488
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• 2016

Search-Based Software Testing (SBST) is an effective technique for test data generation on large domain size. Although the performance of SBST seems to be affected by the structural characteristics of Software Under Test (SUT), studies for the comparison of SBST techniques considering structural characteristics are rare. In addition to the comparison study for SBST, we analyzed the best algorithm with different structural characteristics of SUT. For the generalization of experimental results, we automatically generated 19,800 SUTs by combining four metrics, which are expected to affect the performance of SBST. According to the experiment results, Genetic algorithm showed the best performance for SUTs with high complexity and test data evaluation with count ${\leq}20,000$. On the other hand, the genetic simulated annealing and the simulated annealing showed relatively better performance for SUTs with high complexity and test data evaluation with count ${\geq}50,000$. Genetic simulated annealing, simulated annealing and hill climbing showed better performance for SUTs with low complexity.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.48-57
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• 2021

Background: In this study, the complexities of step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans in magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy systems were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Overall, 194 verification plans from the abdomen, prostate, and breast sites were collected using a ⁶⁰Co-based ViewRay radiotherapy system (ViewRay Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA). Various plan complexity metrics (PCMs) were calculated for each verification plan, including the modulation complexity score (MCS), plan-averaged beam area (PA), plan-averaged beam irregularity, plan-averaged edge (PE), plan-averaged beam modulation, number of segments, average area among all segments (AA/Seg), and total beam-on time (TBT). The plan deliverability was quantified in terms of gamma passing rates (GPRs) with a 1 mm/2% criterion, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between GPRs and various PCMs were analyzed. Results and Discussion: For the abdomen, prostate, and breast groups, the average GPRs with the 1 mm/2% criterion were 77.8 ± 6.0%, 79.8 ± 4.9%, and 84.7 ± 7.3%; PCMs were 0.263, 0.271, and 0.386; PAs were 15.001, 18.779, and 35.683; PEs were 1.575, 1.444, and 1.028; AA/Segs were 15.37, 19.89, and 36.64; and TBTs were 18.86, 19.33, and 5.91 minutes, respectively. The various PCMs, i.e., MCS, PA, PE, AA/Seg, and TBT, showed statistically significant Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.416, 0.627, -0.541, 0.635, and -0.397, respectively, with GPRs. Conclusion: The area-related metrics exhibited strong correlations with GPRs. Moreover, the AA/Seg metric can be used to estimate the IMRT plan accuracy without beam delivery in the ⁶⁰Co-based ViewRay radiotherapy system.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1282-1287
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• 1999

통신 프로그램은 고도의 신뢰성과 기능성, 확장성, 그리고 유지 보수성이 필요하다. 프로그램 테스트의 결과와 McCabe의 Complexity를 측정한 데이타를 가지고 회귀모델을 만들고 그 신뢰성을 분석함으로서 프로그램의 결함과 복잡도의 관련성을 평가한다.본 연구에서 사용한 통신 프로그램은 500개 블록이 59가지 기능을 수행하는 교환 기능 중에서 복잡도가 너무 많아서 통계 처리의 bias가 될 블록을 제외하고 394 블록을 선정하여 SAS에 의해서 통계 분석을 하고 회귀 분석 모델을 설계하였다. t 분포에 의하여 방정식의 유의성 수준을 검증하고 프로그램의 결함수에 가장 큰 영향을 주고 있는 복잡도가 McCabe의 복잡도와 설계 복잡도 임을 밝혀냈다. 이 연구 결과에 의해서 설계 정보 및 유지 보수 정보를 얻을 수 있다. Abstract Switching software requires high reliability, functionality, extendability and maintainability. For doing, software quality model based on MaCabe's complexity measure is investigated. It is experimentally shown using regression analysis the program fault density depends on the complexity and size of the function unit. The software should be verified and tested if it satisfies its requirements with automated analysis tools. In this paper we propose the regression model with the test data.The sample program for the regression model consists of more than 500 blocks, where each block compose of 10 files, which has 59 functions of switching activity.Among them we choose 394 blocks and analyzed for 59 functions by testing tools and SAS package. We developed Regression Analysis Model and evaluated significant of the equation based on McCabe's cyclomatic complexity, block design complexity, design complexity, and integration complexity.The results of our experimental study are that number of fault are under the influence of McCabe's complexity number and design complexity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.7 s.100
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• pp.821-828
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• 2005

In our life, we have used many digital appliances. They help us to improve the quality of life but sometimes give us unsatisfactory result. Because they produce specific noise. Especially vacuum cleaner produce much noise that is very annoying. So we need to study what sound metrics affect human sensibility. In this paper, we develop sound quality index for vacuum cleaner using the sound quality metrics defined in psychoacoustics. First, we carry out the subjective evaluation of vacuum cleaner sound to verify what vacuum sound feels good to human. And then artificial neural network estimated the complexity and the nonlinear characteristics of the relations between subjective evaluation and sound metrics. Finally the ANN is trained repeatedly to have a good performance for sound qualify index of the vacuum cleaner. As a result, the sound quality index of vacuum cleaner has a correlation of $93.5\%$ between the subjective evaluation and ANN. So, there exist three factors that Is loudness, sharpness, roughness which affect the sound quality of vacuum cleaner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1288-1292
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• 2007

Mobile phone is necessary articles by increasing mobile communication now. People usually use the Mobile phone in any time and place. Ring tone of Mobile phone effect owner or other person. The sound level of Mobile phone ring tone could be considered as noise if it is too loud a specific situation. Manufacturing company improve ring tone of mobile phone better in consumer's perception. In this study, we record ring tone of mobile phone and estimated the complexity and nonlinear characteristics of the relation between subjective evaluation and sound metrics. Linear regression models were obtained for the subjective evaluation and sound quality metrics. Semantic Differential Method is used to study sound quality Evaluation. To analyze the sound quality of ring tone.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12A
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• pp.1983-1989
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• 2001

A new two-step soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) for turbo decoder is proposed and analyzed in 7his paper. Due to the algebraic structure of the proposed algorithm, slate and branch metrics can be obtained wish parallel processing using matrix arithmetic. As a result, the number of multiplications to calculate state metrics of each stage and total memory size can be decreased tremendously. Therefore, it can be expected that the proposed algebraic two-step SOVA is suitable for applications in which low computational complexity and memory size are essential.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.17 no.2 s.74
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• pp.49-60
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• 2002

소프트웨어 관리 모델은 크게 소프트웨어 프로젝트 견적 모델과 소프트웨어 설계평가 모델, 소프트웨어 복잡성 모델, 소프트웨어 신뢰도 성장 모델, 소프트웨어 프로세스 개선 모델 등으로 나누어진다. 그 중에서도 개발된 소프트웨어를 정량적으로 분석하여 평가하는 모델이 소프트웨어 복잡도 모델이다. 본 논문은 이런 관점에서 대표적인 소프트웨어 복잡성 모델에 대한 적용법에 대해 기술하고 개발중인 교환시스템의 소프트웨어에 대해 volume metrics와 process complexity metrics 방법에 대한 분석 결과와 기타 시스템 개발을 수행하는 과정에서 발생되고 있는 문제점들에 대해 다각도로 분석을 하여 이를 연구개발 및 프로젝트 관리에 활용하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.113-129
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• 2003

Component-based software development (CBSD) has been recognized effective reuse techniques for software development by many of researchers and companies. The purpose of CBSD is to produce a high quality software system quickly through using verified software component which is contained fine-grained business logics. This paper suggests the metrics and techniques for to extract component and its interface from legacy object oriented application. For extract component, we apply metrics to measure complexity, cohesion and coupling to the legacy system.