• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.2781-2792
• /
• 2018

From a cognitive perspective, this study investigates the role of emergent leaders in developing team cognition and affecting team performance. With application of the cognitive complexity theory, this study hypothesizes that emergent leaders' cognitive complexity will be positively associated with team cognitive complexity, and that team cognitive complexity will be positively associated with team performance. In addition, team cognitive complexity is hypothesized to mediate the effect of the cognitive complexity of emergent leaders on team performance. To test the research hypotheses, data were obtained from 100 teams comprising a total of 339 undergraduate students who participated in a business simulation game. The findings of this study suggests that the cognitive complexity of emergent leaders is a significant predictor of team cognitive complexity, and that team cognitive complexity is positively related to team performance. Moreover, team cognitive complexity significantly mediates the effect of emergent leaders' cognitive complexity and team performance.

• Architectural research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 2011

This investigation, based on empirical research, examined the role of complexity and order in the aesthetic experience of architectural forms. The basic assumption of this study was that perception in architectural form is a process of interpreting a pattern in a reductive way. Thus, perceptual arousal is not determined by the absolute complexity of a configuration. Rather, the actual perceived complexity is a function of the organization of the system (order). In addition, complexity and order were defined and categorized into four variables according to their significant characteristics; simple order, complex order, random complexity, and lawful complexity. The series of experiments confirmed that there is a point on the psychological complexity dimension which is optimal. By demonstrating that consensual and individual aesthetic preference can be measured to have a unimodal function of relationship with complexity, the results of the experiments indicated that complexity and orderliness are effective design factors for enhancing aesthetics of a building facade. This investigation offered a conceptual framework that relates the physical (architectural form) and psychological factors (complexity and order) operating in the aesthetic experience of building facades.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to introduce a task complexity model combining task design aspects and complexity dimensions and to explain an approach to identifying and organizing task complexity factors based on the model. Background: Task complexity is a critical concept in describing and predicting human performance in complex systems such as nuclear power plants(NPPs). In order to understand the nature of task complexity, task complexity factors need to be identified and organized in a systematic manner. Although several methods have been suggested for identifying and organizing task complexity factors, it is rare to find an analytical approach based on a theoretically sound model. Method: This study regarded a task as a system to be designed. Three levels of design ion, which are functional, behavioral, and structural level of a task, characterize the design aspects of a task. The behavioral aspect is further classified into five cognitive processing activity types(information collection, information analysis, decision and action selection, action implementation, and action feedback). The complexity dimensions describe a task complexity from different perspectives that are size, variety, and order/organization. Combining the design aspects and complexity dimensions of a task, we developed a model from which meaningful task complexity factors can be identified and organized in an analytic way. Results: A model consisting of two facets, each of which is respectively concerned with design aspects and complexity dimensions, were proposed. Additionally, twenty-one task complexity factors were identified and organized based on the model. Conclusion: The model and approach introduced in this paper can be effectively used for examining human performance and human-system interface design issues in NPPs. Application: The model and approach introduced in this paper could be used for several human factors problems, including task allocation and design of information aiding, in NPPs and extended to other types of complex systems such as air traffic control systems as well.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2006

The discipline of software performance is very broad; it influences all aspects of the software development lifecycle, including architecture, design, deployment, integration, management, evolution and servicing. Thus, the complexity of software is an important aspect of development and maintenance activities. Much research has been dedicated to defining different software measures that capture what software complexity is. In most cases, the description of complexity is given to humans in forms of numbers. These quantitative measures reflect human-seen complexity with different levels of success. Software complexity growth has been recognized to be beyond human control. In this paper, we have focused our discussion on the increasing software complexity and the issue with the problems being faced in managing this complexity. This increasing complexity in turn affects the software productivity, which is declining with increase in its complexity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.69
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to propose a method to evaluate task complexity using CIFs(Complexity Influencing Factors). We developed a method that CIFs can be used in the evaluation of task complexity using fuzzy linguistic approach. That is, a fuzzy linguistic multi-criteria method to assess task complexity in a specific task situation was proposed. The CIFs luting was assessed in linguistic terms, which are described by fuzzy numbers with triangular and trapezoidal membership function. A fuzzy weighted average algorithm, based on the extension principle, was employed to aggregate these fuzzy numbers. Finally, the method was validated by experimental approach. In the result, it was validated that TCIM(Tink Complexity Index Method) is an efficient method to evaluate task complexity because the correlation coefficient between task performance time and TCI(Task Complexity Index) was 0.699.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.1123-1137
• /
• 2015

We study colorings of regular trees using subball complexity b(n), which is the number of colored n-balls up to color-preserving isomorphisms. We show that for any k-regular tree, for k > 1, there are colorings of intermediate complexity. We then construct colorings of linear complexity b(n) = 2n + 2. We also construct colorings induced from sequences of linear subword complexity which has exponential subball complexity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.14-24
• /
• 1999

In this study, the product complexity is evaluated quantitatively considering the disassembly process of the product. To evaluate complexity of the product, we analyze the characteristics of the product and the disassembly process. And we determine factors, which influence on the complexity of the product in the main-disassembly and sub-disassembly. Considering each characteristics of part and subassembly. Evaluations criteria of complexity are determined. Using evaluation criteria of the complexity can be determined the complexity grade of the product, and then we show the total complexity of the product considering the disassembly process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2013

There is mounting evidence that complex computer system displays in control rooms contribute to cognitive complexity and, thus, to the probability of human error. Research shows that reaction time increases and response accuracy decreases as the number of elements in the display screen increase. However, in terms of supporting the control room operator, approaches focusing on addressing display complexity solely in terms of information density and its location and patterning, will fall short of delivering a properly designed interface. This paper argues that information complexity and semantic complexity are mandatory components when considering display complexity and that the addition of these concepts assists in understanding and resolving differences between designers and the preferences and performance of operators. This paper concludes that a number of simplified methods, when combined, can be used to estimate the impact that a particular display may have on the operator's ability to perform a function accurately and effectively. We present a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach and a method for complexity estimation.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.53-76
• /
• 2005

With rapid technological and market change, new product development (NPD) complexity is a significant issue that organizations continually face in their development projects. There are numerous factors, which cause development projects to become increasingly costly & complex. A product is more likely to be successfully developed and marketed when the complexity inherent in NPD projects is clearly understood and carefully managed. Based upon the previous studies, this study examines the nature and importance of complexity in developing new products and then identifies several issues in managing complexity. Issues considered include: definition of complexity : consequences of complexity; and methods for managing complexity in NPD projects. To achieve high performance in managing complexity in development projects, these issues need to be addressed, for example: A. Complexity inherent in NPD projects is multi-faceted and multidimensional. What factors need to be considered in defining and/or measuring complexity in a development project? For example, is it sufficient if complexity is defined only from a technological perspective, or is it more desirable to consider the entire array of complexity sources which NPD teams with different functions (e.g., marketing, R&D, manufacturing, etc.) face in the development process? Moreover, is it sufficient if complexity is measured only once during a development project, or is it more effective and useful to trace complexity changes over the entire development life cycle? B. Complexity inherent in a project can have negative as well as positive influences on NPD performance. Thus, which complexity impacts are usually considered negative and which are positive? Project complexity also can affect the entire organization. Any complexity could be better assessed in broader and longer perspective. What are some ways in which the long-term impact of complexity on an organization can be assessed and managed? C. Based upon previous studies, several approaches for managing complexity are derived. What are the weaknesses & strengths of each approach? Is there a desirable hierarchy or order among these approaches when more than one approach is used? Are there differences in the outcomes according to industry and product types (incremental or radical)? Answers to these and other questions can help organizations effectively manage the complexity inherent in most development projects. Complexity is worthy of additional attention from researchers and practitioners alike. Large-scale empirical investigations, jointly conducted by researchers and practitioners, will help gain useful insights into understanding and managing complexity. Those organizations that can accurately identify, assess, and manage the complexity inherent in projects are likely to gain important competitive advantages.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.235-245
• /
• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop visual complexity metrics based on theoretical bases. Background: With the development of IT technologies, drivers process a large amount of information caused by automotive human-machine interface (HMI), such as a cluster, a head-up display, and a center-fascia. In other words, these systems are becoming more complex and dynamic than traditional driving systems. Especially, these changes can lead to the increase of visual demands. Thus, a concept and tool is required to evaluate the complicated systems. Method: We reviewed prior studies in order to analyze the visual complexity. Based on complexity studies and human perceptual characteristics, the dimensions characterizing the visual complexity were determined and defined. Results: Based on a framework and complexity dimensions, a set of metrics for quantifying the visual complexity was developed. Conclusion: We suggest metrics in terms of perceived visual complexity that can evaluate the in-vehicle displays. Application: This study can provide the theoretical bases in order to evaluate complicated systems. In addition, it can quantitatively measure the visual complexity of In-vehicle information system and be helpful to design in terms of preventing risks, such as human error and distraction.