• 영재교육연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.127-150
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• 2001

다가오는 21세기에는 기존에 없던 새로운 것을 생각해 내어 문제를 해결해내는 창의적인 문제해결력이 요구되는 지식기반 사회이다. 이러한 요구에 창의적 문제 해결력을 신장시킬 수 있는 창의성 프로그램이 절실히 요구된다. 창의적인 문제해결력이란 문제의 해결을 필요로 하는 상황에서 기존의 아이디어를 좀더 발전시키거나 지금가지 없었던 새로운 아이디어를 생각해 내어 문제를 해결 해 내는 능력이다. 유아의 경우 창의성 교육은 특히 중요하다. 왜냐하면, 열린 사고. 참신한 사고의 싹은 어려서부터 자라고 틀지워 지기 때문이다. 이미 창의성 교육은 사회에서 또 학교 및 사회교육에서, 현실적으로 당연하고 필연적이며 중심적인 당면과제로 떠오르고 있다. 1997년 교육개혁위원회에서 교육개혁의 핵심을 ‘인성교육’과 ‘창의성 교육’으로 규정한 바도 그러하다. 이러한 시대적 요청과 당위성에 부응하여 영진전문대학 부설 영·유아 창의성 계발 연구소에서는 창의성을 발현하기 위한 다양한 프로그램을 통합적으로 개발하고 있으며 이러한 창의성 교육의 저변적 확산을 위한 하나의 대안으로 2000 가족과 함께 하는 창의성 경진대회를 개최하였다. 이는 기존의 많은 경시대회가 유아를 제외한 초등학교 이상을 대상으로 거의 실시되어져 오고 있으며 서울 중심으로 개최되고 있는 여러 가지 한계점을 극복하고 국내에서 최초로 유아를 대상으로 하는 창의성 경진대회라는 점과, 창의성 교육의 큰 축인 가족들에게 창의성 계발의 중요성을 일깨우는 계기가 되었다는 점에서 큰 의미가 있는 것으로 사려되어진다. 본 창의성 경진대회에서 유아는 빔 프로젝트의 애니메이션을 통해서 제기된 문제상황에 대한 다양한 해결방법을 참여한 가족원과의 논의를 통해서 하게 된다. 이러한 논의를 거친 뒤 유아와 가족원은 연구소 측에서 제시한 한정된 재료만을 이용하여 문제해결에 대한 창의적인 구조물을 완성하게되며, 이러한 산출물은 객관적인 심사로 평가받게 된다. 경진대회의 최종적인 평가는 문제해결을 하고 난 다음의 작품이외에 가족원들과의 협동하는 팀워크이나 참여태도가 관찰되어져 평가받게 된다. 이러한 평가기준은 창의성이란 창의적인 사고와 창의적인 태도를 함께 고려 해야한다는 관점에서 이루어진 것이다. 수상자 선정에 있어 점수의 집계가 수 작업으로 이루어져 최종심사결과통보가 지연되었으며, 홈페이지를 통해서만 결과를 발표해 아직 PC가 보편화되지 않은 학부모들이 불편을 겪었다는 점등이 차후 개선되어져 야 할 문제점으로 남았다. 만일 프로이드의 말처럼 인간의 성격이나 탐구의 태도가 아동 초기의 어린 시절에 형성되어지는 것이라면, 한사람의 창의력 또한 어린 시절에 그 기초가 형성될 것이며 이러한 기초형성에 가장 큰 요인을 형성하는 1차적 환경이 가정이라는 점에서 2000 가족과 함께 하는 창의성 경진대회는 창의성 축제의 한마당이었다고 감히 결론짓고자 한다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1958

Since Kesser first described in 1934 the functional change of the autonomic nervous system caused by certain visible rays many researchers have unanimously approved that animals flashed with a red visible ray develop parasympathicotony while those flashed with a blue visible ray develop sympathicotony. On the other hand through studies made by our colleagues it is now well known that the inner-movement of the retinal pigments of frogs is stimulated in sympathicotony and is in reverse inhibited in parasimpathicotony. It is almost evident that the mechanism by which the inner-movement of the retinal pigments is due to sympathicotony derived from the excessive secretion of adrenalin. In addition , through may recent experiments on the pharmacological action of various medicines on the retinal pigments reaction of tadpoles , ranging from the excessive secretion of adrenalin. In addition , through my recent experiments on the pharmacologtical action of various medicines on the retinal pigments reaction of tadploes, raging from every developmental stage , Ifound that the movement of the retinal pigments by adrenalin is predominant in the earlier developmental stages of taopoles around 11 mm of body length, whereas other medicines fail to give any responce to the retinal pigments in such an earlier stage. When tadpoles grown to body length of 15-16m the retinal pigments move to the complete light position while kept in adrenalin solution. Based on these facts it might be well to consider that if tadpoles were grown under the visible rays for a given period, they might show a functional change of the autonomic nervous system and thereby cause of certain change in the physciological phases of the retinal reaction. Experiments were undertaken to find this matter and also to discover the simultaneous effects of the visible radiations on the developmental process of tadpoles. The results summarized as follows ; 1. The longest wave of visible rav has an effective reaction on the growth of body length of taopoles, while the shortest wave of visible ray causes the same for the metamorphoric differentiation of tadpoles. 2. When keeping two groups of tadpoles the first group of 15 mm body length grown for the period of one week and the latter group of 20 mm body length grown for two weeks under the various visible rays. swimming in adrenalin solution, the inner-movement of the retinal pigment occurs in both groups. The movement of pigments of the first group is accelerated in a sequence of blue ray \ulcorner green ray > brown ray> red ray, and that of the latter group is also accelerated in a sequence of blue ray>green ray > brown ray and red ray. 3. When keeping tow groups of tadpoles, the first group of 20 mm body length grown for the period of two weeks, the latter group of 25 m body length grown for three wheeks, under the various visible rays in sunlight, the inner-movement of the retinal pigments occurs in both groups. The movement of pigments of the first group is accelerated in a sequence of blue ray> green ray>brown ray and red ray, and that of the latter group is also accelerated in a sequence of blue ray > brow ray>red ray. 4. In order words, there facts manifest that tadpoles grown under the various visible rays reveal functional disturbances of the autonomic nervous system, at the time of 15 mm body length by adrenalin solution, which is a unique indicator illustrating the status of sympathicotony, and at the time of 20 mm body length by sunlight. This means that the longest visible ray cause sympathicotony, while the shortest visible ray causes parasympathicotony.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.97-130
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• 1979

Many industrial processes those employ bacteria are subjected to phage infestations. In L-glutamic acid fermentions using acetic acid, the phage infestations of the organisms have been recently recognized. In efforts to elucidate the sources of phage contamination involved in the abnormal fermentation, a series of study was conducted to isolate the phages both from the contents of abnormally fermented tanks and the soil or sewage samples from the surroundings of a fermentation factory, to define major charateristics of the phage isolates, and finally to determine the correlation between the phage isolates and temperate phages originating from the miscellaneous bacterial species isolated from the soil or sewage samples. The results are summarized as follows; 1) All phages were isolated from the irregular fermentation tanks and soil or sewage samples, and they were designated as phage PR-1, PR-2, PR-3, PR-4, PR-5, PR-6, and PR-7, in the order of isolation. These PR-series phages were proved to be highly specific for the variant strains of Br. lactofermentum only, namely, phage PR-1 and PR-2 for Br. lactofermentum No. 468-5 and phage PR-3~PR-7 for Br. lactofemrentum No. 2256. By cross-neutralization test, the 7 phagescould be subdivided into 3 groups, i. e., phage PR-I and PR-2 the first, phage PR-3, PR-4, PR-5, PR-6 the second, and the phage PR-7 the third. 2) The 7 phages were virulent under the experimental conditions. They produced plaques with clear and relatively sharp margins without distinct halo. The mean sizes of plaques were 1.5mm in diameter for phage PR-1 and PR-2, and 1. Omm for phages PR-3~PR-7. Double layer technique modified by Hongo and described by Adams, was applied to assay of the PR-series phages. The factors influencing the plaques were as follows;young age cells of host bacteria cultured for 3-6 hours represented the largest number and size, optimum was pH 7.0, incubation temperature was $30^{\circ}C$, and agar concentration and amount of overlayer medium were 0.6% and 0.2ml, respectively. 3) PR-series phages were stable in 0.05M tris buffer and 0.1M ammonium acetate buffer solution. The addition of $5{\times}10^{-3}M$ magnesium ion effectively increased the stability. Thermostability experiments indicated that PR-series phages were stable at the teinperture between $50^{\circ}{\sim}55^{\circ}C$ in nutrient medium, $45^{\circ}{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ in buffer solution. However, the phages mere completely inactivated at 603C and 65$^{\circ}$C within 10 minutes. The phages were stable at the range of pH6~9 in nutrient medium and of pH 8-9 in buffer solution, respectively. Exposure of the phages to UV for 25, 60 and 100 seconds resulted in the complete loss of infectivily, respectively. 4) Electron microscopy showed that PR-series phage particles exhibited rather similar morphology, differing in the size All of PR-series phages had a multilateral head and had a simple long tiil about three to five times long as compared with head. By the size, phage PR-1 and PR-2, PR-3, PR-4, PR-5, and PR-6 and PR-7 were classified into same groups, respectively. The head and tail size of phage PR-1, PR-5, PR-5(T) and PR-7 were 85nm, 74nm and 235nm and 350mm, and 72nm and 210nm, respectively. 5) Nucleic acids of PR-series phages were double stranded DNA. The G+C contents of phage PR-1, PR-5 and PR-7 were 56.1, 52.9 and 53.7, respectively. The values of G+C contents derived from the $T_m$ were in agreement with the chemically determined values. 6) PR-series phages effectively adsorbed on their host bacteria at the rate of more than 90% during 5 min. K value for phage PR-1, PR-5 and PR-7 were calculated to be $6{\times}10^9 ml$ per minute, respectiveky. The pH of the medium did effect adsorption rate, but both temperature and age of host cells did not. Generally, optimum adsorption condition of phages seemed to be almost same as optimum growth conditions of host bacteria. 7) In one-step growth experiments, the latent periods at $30^{\circ}C$ for PR-1, and PR-7 were about 70, 50 and 55 min, respectively. The corresponding average burst size was 200, 70 and 90, respectively. Lpsis period according to the multiplicity of infection and a phage series. In case of m. o. i. 100, strain No. 2256 (PR-5) and No. 468-5(PR-1) failed to grow and turbidity decreased after 50 and 70min, respectively. 8) In the lysate of a plaque purified phage PR-5 infected bacteria, there observed 2 types ofphage particles, i. e., phage PR-5 and PR-5 (T) of similar morphology but differing at the length of phage tail, and phage tail like particles. The phage taillike particles could be divided into 4 types by the length. Induction experiments of Br. lactofermentum with UV irradiation, mitomycin C or bacitracin treatment produced neither phage PR-5 (T) or phage tail-like particles. 9) No lysis occured when the growth of 7 strains of miscellaneous bacteria, isolated from soil and sewage samples, were inoculated with either phage PR-5 (T) or phage tail-like particles the inoculation of phage PR-5 pellet resulted in the growth inhibition of the orgainsms in the spot test. The lysates obtained from 3 miscellaneous soil derived bacteria following mitomycin C treatment the growth of Br. lactofermentum, but did not lyze the bacterium.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.31-67
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• 1990

One of the first issues which arose in the evolution of air law was the determination of the vertical limits of airspace over private property. In 1959 the UN in its Ad Hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, started to give attention to the question of the meaning of the term "outer space". Discussions in the United Nations regarding the delimitation issue were often divided between those in favour of a functional approach ("functionalists"), and those seeking the delineation of a boundary ("spatialists"). The functionalists, backed initially by both major space powers, which viewed any boundary as possibly restricting their access to space(Whether for peaceful or military purposes), won the first rounds, starting with the 1959 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space which did not consider that the topic called for priority consideration. In 1966, however, the spatialists, were able to place the issue on the agenda of the Outer Sapce Committee pursuant to Resolution 2222 (xxx1). However, the spatialists were not able to present a common position since there existed a variety of propositions for delineation of a boundary. Over the years, the funtionalists have seemed to be losing ground. As the element of location is a decisive factor for the choice of the legal regime to be applied, a purely functional approach to the regulation of activities in the space above the Earth does not offer a solution. It is therefore to be welcomed that there is clear evidence of a growing recognition of the defect inherent to such an approach and that a spatial approach to the problem is gaining support both by a growing number of States as well as by publicists. The search for a solution of the problem of demarcating the two different legal regimes governing the space above the Earth has undoubtedly been facilitated, and a number of countries, among them Argentina, Belgium, France, Italy and Mexico have already advocated the acceptance of the lower boundary of outer space at a height of 100km. The adoption of the principle of sovereignty at that height does not mean that States would not be allowed to take protective measures against space activities above that height which constitute a threat to their security. A parallel can be drawn with the defence of the State's security on the high seas. Measures taken by States in their own protection on the high seas outside the territorial waters-provided that they are proportionate to the danger-are not considered to infringe the principle of international law. The most important issue in this context relates to the problem of a right of passage for space craft through foreign air space in order to reach outer space. In the reports to former ILA Conferences an explanation was given of the reasons why no customary rule of freedom of passage for aircraft through foreign territorial air space could as yet be said to exist. It was suggested, however, that though the essential elements for the creation of a rule of customary international law allowing such passage were still lacking, developments apperaed to point to a steady growth of a feeling of necessity for such a rule. A definite treaty solution of the demarcation problem would require further study which should be carried out by the UN Outer Space Committee in close co-operation with other interested international organizations, including ICAO. If a limit between air space and outer space were established, air space would automatically come under the regime of the Chicago Convention alone. The use of the word "recognize" in Art. I of chicago convention is an acknowledgement of sovereignty over airspace existing as a general principle of law, the binding force of which exists independently of the Convention. Further it is important to note that the Aricle recognizes this sovereignty, as existing for every state, holding it immaterial whether the state is or is not a contracting state. The functional criteria having been created by reference to either the nature of activity or the nature of the space object, the next hurdle would be to provide methods of verification. With regard to the question of international verification the establishment of an International Satelite Monitoring Agency is required. The path towards the successful delimitation of outer space from territorial space is doubtless narrow and stony but the establishment of a precise legal framework, consonant with the basic principles of international law, for the future activities of states in outer space will, it is still believed, remove a source of potentially dangerous conflicts between states, and furthermore afford some safeguard of the rights and interests of non-space powers which otherwise are likely to be eroded by incipient customs based on at present almost complete freedom of action of the space powers.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.214-222
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• 1988

With the arm in hyperabduction, we have carried out 525 procedures of supraclavicular brachial plexus block from Aug. 1976 to June 1980, whereas block with the arm in adduction has been customarily performed by other authors. The anesthetic procedure is as follows: 1) The patient lies in the dorsal recumbent position without a pillow under his head or shoulder. His arm is hyperabducted more than a 90 degree angle from his side, and his head is turned to the side opposite from that to be blocked. 2) An "X" is marked at a point 1 cm above the mid clavicle, immediately lateral to the edge of the anterior scalene muscle, and on the palpable portion of the subclavian artery. The area is aseptically prepared and draped. 3) A 22 gauge 3.5cm needle attached to a syringe filled with 2% lidocaine (7~8mg/kg of body weight) and epineprine(1 : 200,000) is inserted caudally toward the second portion of the artery where it crosses the first rib and parallel with the lateral border of the muscle until a paresthesia is obtained. 4) Paresthesia is usually elicited while inserting the needle tip about 1~2 em in depth. If so, the local anesthetic solution is injected after careful aspiration. 5) If no paresthesia is elicited, the needle is withdrawn and redirected in an attempt to elicit paresthesia. 6) If, after several attempts, no paresthesia is obtained, the local anesthetic solution is injected into the perivascular sheath after confirming that the artery is not punctured. 7) Immediately after starting surgery, Valium is injected for sedation by the intravenous route in almost all cases. The age distribution of the cases was from 11 to 80 years. Sex distribution was 476 males and 49 females (Table 1). Operative procedures consisted of 103 open reductions, 114 skin grafts combined with spinal anesthesia in 14, 87 debridements, 75 repairs, i.e. tendon (41), nerve(32), and artery (2), 58 corrections of abnormalities, 27 amputations above the elbow (5), below the elbow (3) and fingers (17), 20 primary closures, 18 incisions and curettages, 2 replantations of cut fingers. respectively (Table 2). Paresthesia was obtained in all cases. Onset of analgesia occured within 5 minutes, starting in the deltoid region in almost all cases. Complete anesthesia of the entire arm appeared within 10 minutes but was delayed 15 to 20 minutes in 5 cases and failed in one case. Thus, our success rate was nearly 100%. The duration of anesthesia after a single injection ranged from $3\frac{1}{2}$ to $4\frac{1}{2}$, hours in 94% of the cases. The operative time ranged from 0.5 to 4 hours in 92.4% of the cases(Table 3). Repeat blocks were carried out in 33 cases when operative times which were more than 4 hours in 22 cases and the others were completed within 4 hours (Table 4). Two patients of the 33 cases, who received microvasular surgery were injected twice with 2% lidocaine 20 ml for a total of $13\frac{1}{2}$ hours. The 157 patients who received surgery on the forearms or hands had pneumatic tourniquets (250 torrs) applied without tourniquet pain. There was no pneumothorax, hematoma or phrenic nerve paralysis in any of the unilateral and 27 bilateral blocks, but there was hoarseness in two, Horner's syndrome in 11 and shivering in 7 cases. No general seizures or other side effects were observed. By 20ml of 60% urcgratin study, we confirm ed the position of the needle tip to be in a safer position when the arm is in hyperabduction than when it is in adduction. And also that the humoral head caused some obstraction of the distal flow of the dye, indicating that less local anesthetic solution would be needed for satisfactory anesthesia. (Fig. 3,4).

• 분석과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.213-224
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• 1994

선택적으로 중수소를 치환시킨 싸이클로옥타논의 여러 동위원소 이성질체들을 합성하였다. 고유동위원소 효과에 의해 영향을 받는 $^{13}C$ NMR 화학적 이동값들을 각 이성질체에 대해 저온에서 계통적으로 관찰하였다. 특히 싸이클로옥타논이 선호하는 안정한 형태 이성질체인 클 boat-chair 형과 연관시켜 이 효과들을 논의하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.174-185
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• 1980

It was my great nohour that I can be exposed to such plenty materials of the coronary bypass surgery. Here, I am summarizing the xoronary bypass surgery, clinically. The material is serial 101 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery between July 17, 1979 to November 30, 1979 in Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh. 1. Incidence of the Atherosclerosis is frequent in white, male, fiftieth who are living in industrialized country. It has been told the etiologic factor of the atherosclerosis is hereditary, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, drinking, diabetes, obesity, stress, etc. 2. The main and most frequent complication of the coronary atherosclerosis is angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is the chief cause of coronary bypass surgery and the other causes of coronary bypass surgery are obstruction of the left main coronary artery, unstable angina, papillary muscle disruption or malfunction and ventricular aneurysm complicated by coronary artery disease. 3. The preoperative clinical laboratory examination shows abnormal elevation of plasma lipid in 82 patint, plasma glucose in 40 patient, total CPK-MB in 24 patient stotal LDH in 22 patient out of 101 patient. 4. Abnormal ECG findings in preoperative examine were 29.1% myocardial infarction, 25.8% ischemia and injury, 14.6T conduction defect. 5. Also we had done Echocardiography, Tread Mill Test, Myocardial Scanning, Vectorcardiography and Lung function test to get adjunctive benefit in prediction of prognosis and accurate diagnosis. 6. The frequency of coronary atherosclerosis in main coronary arteries were LAD, RCA and Circumflex in that order. 7. The patients' main complaints which were became as etiologic factor undergoing coronary bypass surgery were angina, dyspnea, diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea and etc. 8. For the coronary bypass surgery, we used cardiopulmonary bypass machine, non-blood, diluting prime, cold cardioplegic solution and moderate cooling for the myocardial protection. 9. We got the grafted veins from Saphenous and Cephalic vein. Reversed and anastomosed between aorta and distal coronary A. using 5-0 and 7-0 prolene continuous suture. Occasionally we used internal mammary A. as an arterial blood source and anastomosed to the distal coronary A. and to side fashion. 10. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time for every graft was 43.9 min. and aortic clamp time was 23 minute. We could Rt. coronary A. bypass surgery only by stand by the cardiopulmonary machine and in the state of pumping heart. 11. Rates by the noumbers of graft were as follow : 21.8% single, 33.7% double, 26.7% triple, 13.9% quadruple, 3% quintuple and 1% was sixtuple graft. 12. combined procedures with coronary bypass surgery were 6% aneurysmectomy, 3% AVR, 1% MVR, 13% pacer implantation and 1% intraaortic ballon setting. 13. We could see the complete abolition of anginal pain after operation in 68% of patient, improvement 25.8%, no change in 3.1%, and there was unknown in 3%. 14. There were 4% immediate postoperative deaths, 13.5% some kinds of heart complication, 51.3% lung complications 33.3% pleural complications as prognosis.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.116-123
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• 1991

Fenamiphos sulfoxide(f. sulfoxide) 농얍(農藥)의 토양중(土壤中) 흡착측정(吸着測定)에서 적합한 농약용액(農藥溶液)에 대한 토양시료(土壤試料) 비율(比率)과 흡착평형시간(吸着平衡時間)을 결정(決定)하기 위한 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였다. 시험(試驗)에 사용(使用)한 토양(土壤)은 미국(美國) Hawaii의 Wahiawa 토양(土壤)(3개(個) 토층시험(土層試料))과 California의 Salinas 토양(土壤)(2개(個) 토양시료(土層試料))이었다. 시험(試驗)에 사용(使用)한 농약용액(農藥溶液)대 토양시료비율(土壤試料比率)은 2 : 1과 5 : 1등 2수준이었으며, 흡착평형시간(吸着平衡時間)은 4, 12, 24, 48시간등 4수준이었다. 농약용액(農藥溶液)대토양시료비율(土壤試料比率) 2 : 1에서는 완전한 혼합(混合)이 어려웠으며, 5 : 1이 흡착력(吸着力)이 낮은 Wahiawa 토양(土壤)의 심토(深土)에서 흡착률(吸着率)이 낮아 바람직하지는 못했으나, 혼합(混合)을 고려(考慮)하면 권장되는 비율(比率)이었다. 흡착(吸着)은 4시간(時間)에는 Apparent 평형(平衡)에 도달하고 24시간까지는 서서히 증가하였다. 그후 48시간 까지 빠른 속도로 증가하였는데, 이는 Sulfoxide 화합물(化合物)이 흡착력이 큰 Sulfone 형태(形態)로 변화(變化)되고 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 24시간(時間)의 흡착평형(吸着平衡) 시간(時間)이, 이보다 짧은 시간(時間)에서 불완전한 흡착(吸着)과 이보다 긴 시간(時間)에서 형태변화(形態變化)에 의한 과다흡착(過多吸着)을 고려(考慮)하여, 바람직할 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2020

본 논문은 차제가 조립되어 도장공장에 도착한 자동차들을 대상으로 동일한 색으로 최대한 그룹을 형성하여 도장 순서를 결정하는 자동차 페인트 순서 문제를 다룬다. 본 문제는 정확한 해를 다항시간으로 구하는 방법이 알려져 있지 않은 NP-완전으로 난제로 알려져 있다. 도장공장에서는 도장 색이 변경되면 이전 자동차 도장 색 페인트들을 완전히 제거하는 퍼징을 수행해야 하므로, 퍼징 횟수를 최소화시키는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 버퍼에 도착한 자동차들의 이동 가능한 구간인 윈도우 개념에 기반하여 최소의 이동거리와 최소의 퍼징 횟수를 얻을 수 있도록, 자동차들을 동일 색, 도착 순서별로 정렬시키고, 구간 마라톤 경기를 수행하는데 있어 기본적으로는 연속적으로 가장 긴 구간을 차지하는 색 팀이 승리하는 방식을 적용하였다. 다만, 패자 팀이 더 이상 경기를 수행할 수 없는 구간이 존재하는 경우와 패자 팀에게 승리를 양보하고 이후의 경기에서 보다 많은 구간에서 승리하는 경우에는 승리의 우승컵을 해당 패자 팀에 게 양보하여 모든 구간에서 모든 자동차 선수들이 한 번씩은 반드시 승리하는 방식을 적용하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 n대 자동차에 대해 O(nlogn)의 다항시간 복잡도로 간단하면서도 빠른 장점에도 불구하고, 다양한 사례들에 적용한 결과, 모든 실험 데이터들에 대해 최소의 이동거리와 최소의 퍼징 횟수를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.525-530
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• 2017

Weaning is the most stressful event for nursery pigs because they are moved from familiar to unfamiliar environments. In addition, weaned pigs have immature digestive and immune systems. This situation makes weaned pigs susceptible to diseases and makes the absorption of nutrients from diets difficult. A feed approach, such as dietary enzyme supplementation, can be considered a solution. This study investigated the effects of dietary enzyme cocktail on diarrhea and immune responses of weaned pigs. A total 36 weaned pigs ($5.92{\pm}0.48kg\;BW$; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (3 pigs/pen, 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were a typical diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON with 0.05% enzyme cocktail (Cocktail; combination of xylanase, ${\alpha}-amylase$, protease, ${\beta}-glucanase$, and pectinase). Pigs were fed their respective diets for 6 wk. Incidence of diarrhea, packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC) count, and immunoglobulin content were measured. A significantly lower incidence of diarrhea (p < 0.05) was observed in the Cocktail group as compared with the CON group. The Cocktail group also showed a decreased PCV (p < 0.1) on d 3 after weaning than the CON group. However, no differences were observed for number of WBC and contents of immunoglobulin G, M, and A between the Cocktail and CON groups. Consequently, inclusion of an enzyme cocktail in diets for weaned pigs had a positive influence on gut health by reducing the incidence of diarrhea in the present study.