• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.303-316
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• 2011

본 연구는 1에서 9까지의 숫자 카드를 이용하여 10의 보수를 찾는 게임에서 초등학교 1학년 학생이 보여주는 수 감각을 분석한 사례 연구이다. 이를 위해서 초등학교 1학년 학생 1명과 연구자가 실제 게임을 진행하였고, 게임과정에서 대화 내용을 중심으로 학생의 수 감각을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 두 장의 카드를 이용하여 10을 만드는 게임에 매우 흥미를 가졌으며, 보수를 찾는 게임이 자연스럽게 덧셈을 구하는 상황으로 전환되었다. 연구 대상인 학생은 합이 10이 되는 경우, 즉 10의 보수를 찾는 경우는 규칙을 쉽게 이해하고 수를 만들어 내었지만 합이 12가 되는 경우는 쉽게 해결하지는 못하였다. 연구에 참여한 학생은 자신의 카드를 관찰하고 2장, 3장, 4장을 이용하여 10을 만드는 게임으로 자연스럽게 규칙을 확장하였고 어떤 경우에는 쉽게 10을 만들었지만 대부분의 경우에는 3장 이상을 이용하여 10을 만들지는 못하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제21권1_4호
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• pp.29-32
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• 1978

The karyotype of Lilium cernum has been analysed by means of C-banding technique. Most of clones observed were 2n=24 chromosomes which consist of two pairs of submetacentric and ten pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes, among which two pairs of chromosomes(B and E) showed secondary constriction in the short arm. In addition to these chromosomes a small supernumerary telocentric chromosome was seen in the eight clones. Sixtyeight bands were observed in the twentytwo chromosomes of complement and one band in the supernumerary chromosome. A pair of chromosome (L) did not show any band. The bnads on the chromosome. A pair of chromosome (L) did not show any band. The bands on the chromosomes were distributed in the centromere, secondary constriction and intercalary regions of arms. Of the twelve pairs of chromosomes ten pairs showed symmetric banding patterns in each, but two pairs (I and K) showed asymmetric banding patterns.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.193-213
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• 2016

초등수학에서 보수 개념은 위치적 십진 기수법 체계를 이해하고 덧셈과 뺄셈 연산을 완성하기 위해 필요한 기본적인 개념이다. 본 연구는 초등학교 1학년 학생을 대상으로 보수 개념을 신장시키기 위한 놀이 중심의 단계별 프로그램을 개발하여 적용한 것으로, 개발된 프로그램의 수업을 단계별로 실시하면서 학생들의 연산 능력과 수학적 태도의 변화를 관찰한 것이다. 먼저 보수 개념을 학습하기 위한 조작 교구 및 놀이 학습 프로그램은 5단계(총 11차시)로 개발하였다. 보수 개념 신장을 위한 프로그램의 개발과 조직은 디에네스(Dienes)의 놀이 학습 단계 이론에 근거하여 각 차시와 수업 내용을 구성하여 개발하였다. 본 연구는 프로그램의 각 단계별 수업의 과정과 학생들의 반응, 연구자의 관점 등을 종합하여 기술하고 이로부터 학생들의 연산 능력에서의 변화와 수학에 대한 태도 변화를 함께 살펴본 것이다. 수업을 진행하면서 학생들의 연산 능력과 수학적 태도 두 측면에서 모두 긍정적인 변화를 이끌어낼 수 있었는데, 따라서 1학년 수학에서부터 보수 개념을 효과적이고 체계적으로 신장시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 조직화하고 지도할 필요성을 제기한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.978-983
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• 1999

Background: Complement activation with transpulmonary leukocyte sequestration is considered a main mediator leading to ischemia-reperfusion lung(I-R) injury. We studied the role of leukocytes in the formation of I-R injury in ovine cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) model with a membrane oxygenator. Material and Method: Five sheep were used. CPB circuitry consisted of a roller pump(American Optical Corp., Greenwich, CT, USA) and a membrane oxygenator(UNIVOX-IC, Bentley, Baxter Health Corp, Irvine, CA, USA). The CPB time was fixed at 120 min. Ten minutes after the start of CPB, total CPB was established. Thereafter a total CPB of 100 min was performed, followed by another 10 min of partial CPB. The CPB was discontinued and the animals were fully recovered. For measuring left and right atrial leukocyte counts, blood samples were taken before thoracotomy, 5 min and 109 in after the start of CPB, and 30 min and 120 min after weaning. C3a was measured before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 min and 120 min after weaning. Plasma malondialdehyde(MDA) was checked before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 min after weaning. One to two grams of lung tissue were taken for water content measurement before thoracotomy, 109 min after the start of CPB, and 30 min after weaning. Lung biopsy specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. Result: Of 5 animals, 4 survived the experimental procedures. Of these, 3 animals survived on a long-term basis. No significant differences in transpulmonary gradients of leukocyte were found and no significant complement activation was expressed by C3a levels. MDA level did not show significant changes related to lung reperfusion despite an increase after the start of CPB. On both light and electron microscopic examinations, mild to moderate acute lung change was observed. Interstitial edema, leakage of erythrocytes into the alveolar space and endothelial cell swelling were the main findings. Water content of the lung showed a slight increase after the start of CPB, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: These findings indicate that ischemia-repersusion lung injury may not be from complement activation-leukocyte sequestration but from another source of oxygen free radicals related to CPB.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

Some biological activities of Beauveria bassiana were studied to elucidate pharmacological function of B. bassiana-infected larva of the silkworm. The mycelium consisted mainly of carbohydrate (65.8%), followed by protein (15.9%) and fat (8.3%). Glucose (68.8%), mannose (7.1%), and galactose (6.1%) were major components in carbohydrates. Ten amino acids including glutamine, threonine, valine, aspartic acid, alanine, leucine, serine, glycine, arginine, and isoleucine were found in protein as major amino acids. Various extracts were prepared from the freeze-dried mycelium of B. bassiana by systemic extraction and their biological activities were investigated. Among tested fractions, the hot-water extract (HW) contributed significantly to the anti-coagulant activity, anti-complementary activity, and stimulation of intestinal immune system. The methanol extract (ME) increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity.

• 천문학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2013

We probe the feasibility of high-frequency radio observations of very rapid flux variations in compact active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our study assumes observations at 230GHz with a small 6-meter class observatory, using the SNU Radio Astronomical Observatory (SRAO) as an example. We find that 33 radio-bright sources are observable with signal-to-noise ratios larger than ten. We derive statistical detection limits via exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations assuming (a) periodic, and (b) episodic flaring flux variations on time-scales as small as tens of minutes. We conclude that a wide range of flux variations is observable. This makes high-frequency radio observations-even with small observatories-a powerful probe of AGN intra-day variability; especially, those which complement observations at lower radio frequencies with larger observatories like the Korean VLBI Network (KVN).

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.44.2-44.2
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• 2013

We probe the feasibility of high-frequency radio observations of very rapid flux variations in compact active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our study assumes observations at 230 GHz with a small 6-meter class observatory, using the SNU Radio Astronomical Observatory (SRAO) as example. We find that 33 radio-bright sources are observable with signal-to-noise ratios larger than ten. We derive statistical detection limits via exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations assuming (a) periodic, and (b) episodic flaring flux variations on time-scales as small as tens of minutes. We conclude that a wide range of flux variations is observable. This makes high-frequency radio observations - even with small observatories - a powerful probe of AGN intra-day variability; especially, those observations complement observations at lower radio frequencies with larger observatories like the Korean VLBI Network (KVN).

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.92-92
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• 2003

Accurate analysis of nuclear status is needed when biopsied-blastomeres are used for embryo sexing. In this study, the nuclear status of blastomeres derived from 8- to 16-cell stage IVF bovine embryos was analyzed to evaluate the representative of single blastomere for embryo sexing. When 55 embryos were analyzed by PCR following biopsy, the coincident rate of sex determination between biopsied-single blastomere and matched blastocyst by PCR was 80 %. Karyotyping of biastomeres in 8- 16-cell stage bovine embryos was conducted to assess chromosome status of IVF embryos. To establish karyotyping of blastomeres, concentrations of vinblastine sulfate and duration of exposure time for metaphase plate induction with 8- to 16-cell stage bovine embryos were tested. The most effective condition for induction of metaphase plate (>45%) was 1.0 ug/ml vinblastine sulfate treatment for 15 h. In 22 embryos under the condition, only 8 embryos out of ten that had a normal diploid chromosome complement showed a sex-chromosomal composition of XX or XY (36.4%) and 2 diploid embryos showed mosaicism of the opposite sex of XX and XY in blastomeres of embryo (9.1%). One haploid embryo contained only one X-chromosome (4.5%). Four out of the other 11 embryos having a mixoploid chromosomal complement contained haploid blastomere with wrong sex chromosome (18.2%). These results suggested that morphologically normal bovine embryos derived from IVF had considerable proportion of mixoploid and sex-chromosomal mosaicism which could be the cause of discrepancies of the sex between biopsied-single blastomere and matched blastocyst by PCR analysis.

• 복식
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2016

This study aimed to develop an education program for fashion design that can deliver knowledge and techniques to enhance the capability of participatory fashion designers. The framework for education program was established based on the RP (Rapid Prototype) model, and the developing process of education program was structured and systemized. As a result, this study proposed the circulated RP-ISD model, which is designed to revise and complement the educational objectives, strategy and evaluation tool by iterative prototype, and purposed to be consistent in carrying out the instructional systems design. Furthermore, the systematic developing process and the assessment criteria of design education program for ten weeks was proposed. This result could be used as a base study of participatory fashion design and contribute to systemization of education programs in design field. Furthermore, it could foster the possibility of an alternative education model in fashion design.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 구기자의 투여가 나일틸라피아의 면역 반응에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여, 나일틸라피아에 구기자 3% 첨가 사료를 14주일간 투여하면서 어병 세균인 Edwardsiella tarda 유래의 FKC와 ECP를 복강 주사 또는 침지법으로 FKC와 ECP를 단독 또는 혼합 처리하였을 때의 비특이적 및 특이적 면역 반응에 대하여 조사하였다. 비특이적 면역 반응의 지표로서 보체의 용혈능과 lysozyme의 활성을, 특이적 면역 반응의 지표로서 로젯 형성 세포 수의 변화와 응집 항체가를 조사하었으며, 어병 세균인 E. tanla로 생균 공격 실험하여 상대 생존률을 구하였다. 구기자 첨가 사료를 투여하였을 때, 조사한 모든 비특이적 면역 반응 지표들이 활성화되었으며, 백신 처리 후에도 무첨가 사료 투여구에 비하여 높은 면역 활성을 보였다. 백신 처리구의 응집 항체가는 FKC와 ECP의 혼합 처리구가 가장 높았고 FKC 주사구, FKC 침지구의 순으로 응집 항체가가 낫게 나타났으며, 로젯 형성 세포 수도 같은 경향을 보였다. E. tarda로 생균 공격 실험한 결과, 구기자 투여만으로도 방어력이 증가되었다. 그리고 백신 처리하였을 때에는 혼합 처리구가 가장 높은 방어력을 보였으므로, 본 실험에서 사용한 구기라는 기존의 adjuvant와 같이 면역 반응의 증강 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되며, FKC와 ECP로 혼합 백신 처리하는 방법은 효과가 기대되는 백신 방법으로 사료된다.