• 무역상무연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.111-140
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• 2007

This paper intends to review the qualifications of arbitrator, the disclosure of disqualifications by arbitrator, the challenge grounds of arbitrator, and the challenge procedure of arbitrator under the arbitration laws and rules. There are no provisions for the qualification of arbitrator in the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. Under the UNCITRAL Model Law on person shall be precluded by reason of his nationality from acting as an arbitrators. Under the UNCITRAL Model Law when a person is approached in connection with his possible appointment as an arbitrator, he shall disclose any circumstances likely to give rise to justifiable doubts as to his impartiality or independence. An arbitrator, from the time of his appointment and throughout the arbitral proceedings, shall without delay disclose any such circumstances to the parties. Under the UNCITRAL Model Law an arbitrator may be challenged only if circumstances exist that give rise to justifiable doubts as to his impartiality or independence, or if he does not possess qualifications agreed to by the parties. Under the UNCITRAL Model Law the parties are free to agree on a procedure for challenge an arbitrator. Failing such agreement, a party who intends to challenge an arbitrator shall send a written statement of the reasons for the challenge to the arbitral tribunal within 15 days after becoming aware of the constitution of the arbitral tribunal or any circumstance that give rise to justifiable doubts as to his impartiality or independence. Unless the challenged arbitrator withdraws from his office or the other party agrees to the challenge, the arbitral tribunal shall decide on the challenge. In conclusion, an arbitrator has a responsibility not only to the parties but also to the process of arbitration, and must observe high standards of conduct so that the integrity and must observe high standards of conduct so that the integrity and fairness of the process will be preserved.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.23-51
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• 2017

이 연구는 우리나라와 일본의 학교도서관법 제정의 배경과 경과를 살펴보고 학교도서관법의 구성요소를 비교하고 분석한 것이다. 한국과 일본의 학교도서관법은 정부입법이 아닌 의원입법으로 제정되었다. 그리고 정부기관이 아닌 NGO 활동이 학교도서관법 제정에 크게 기여하였다. 학교도서관법 구성요소 중 공통되는 요소는 목적, 정의, 국가의 책무, 설치, 업무, 인적자원, 협력망, 교육 등이다. 학교도서관 업무는 한국의 경우 학교도서관의 교육적 기능에 중점을 두고 있고, 일본은 도서관자료의 수집, 정리와 여러 가지 행사 개최 등 학교도서관의 기본적인 업무에 중점을 두고 있다. 학교도서관의 인적자원은 한국의 경우 사서교사, 실기교사, 사서 중에서 아무나 둘 수 있도록 하고 의무규정이 아니라 임의규정으로 되어 있는데 비하여 일본은 사서교사와 학교사서로 구분하고 있다. 학교도서관의 시설과 자료에 대한 규정은 한국은 자세하게 규정되어 있으나 일본은 시설과 자료에 대한 규정이 없다. 학교도서관의 교육은 한국의 경우 독서교육과 정보이용교육을 실시하고 학교의 교육과정 운영계획에 포함시키도록 하고 있으나 일본은 도서관 이용지도 만을 실시하도록 규정하고 있고 독서교육에 대한 내용은 제외되어 있다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.105-137
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• 2009

1944년 체결된 국제민간항공협약에서는 국제항공운송의 안전과 질서를 위하여 항공규칙의 통일화를 위해 국제표준 및 권고관행을 부속서의 형태로 채택하였고, 각 체약국은 이를 기준으로 하여 자국의 법률을 제정 및 개정하도록 하고 있다. 하지만 체약국의 사정상 국제표준과 권고관행을 이행할 수 없을 경우 혹은 차이점이 있을 경우 이를 국제민간항공기구에 통보하여 타 체약국에서 이를 파악할 수 있도록 부속서의 부록으로 게재하고 있다. 한반도 주변국가의 경우 모두 국제민간항공협약의 체약국이며 국제민간 항공협약과 동 부속서의 국제표준 및 권고관행을 자국의 법률로 제.개정하여 항공법의 통일화를 이루고 있다. 하지만 한반도 주변 국가는 자국의 문화와 국내 사정의 이유로 각 항공법의 차이점도 존재하고 있어 최근 한반도 주변의 빈번한 항공운항의 안전을 위해 이를 분석하여 각 국가의 항공법의 특성에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서 한반도 주변국가라 함은 한국 중국 일본 북한을 말하며, 한반도 주변의 항공운송정책에 맞추어 한반도를 중심으로 하는 한국 중국 일본 북한의 항공법에 대하여 살펴보았다. 특히 각 국가의 항공법에 대한 연혁과 구성 체계를 비교 분석하여 한반도 주변국가가 서로의 자국 항공법의 제정에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지 연구하고, 국제민간항공협약 및 동 협약의 부속서에서 정한 국제표준 및 권고관행과 국제민간항공기구에 통보한 자국 항공법규상의 차이점을 주요 내용으로 하여 한반도 주변 국가의 항공법과 비교 하여 각 국가 간 국제표준 및 권고관행의 이행 여부와 차이점 통보가 각 국의 항공법 개정에 어떠한 영향을 끼쳤는지에 대하여 알아보는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2010

각국의 테러대응 관련 법제들을 비교 분석해 본 결과, 테러환경에 능동적으로 대처하기 위해서는 현행의 법령적 근거보다는 상위의 법률적 체제가 필요함이 사료된다. 그리고 상위법에서는 다음의 몇 가지 사항에 대한 구체적인 규정이 포함되어야 할 것이다. 첫째, 테러혐의자의 감시와 관련한 '통신비밀보호법'의 근거에 의해서는 테러정보의 수집 및 감시활동이 불가능하기 때문에 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하는 국가의 의무적 차원에서 볼 때, 심도 있는 논의가 필요하다. 둘째, '출입국관리법'에 의한 현행 법규로는 테러대응의 관리에 부족한 점이 지적되고 있기 때문에 이를 보완하여 대응 관리해야 한다. 셋째, 현행 '특정금융거래정보의 보고 및 이용 등에 관한 법률'로는 테러자금의 차단이 불가능하기 때문에 테러조직의 자금 차단과 처벌 근거를 마련해야 한다. 넷째, 테러범죄의 처벌은 통상적인 형벌에 의거하고 있는데, 테러행위와 테러단체를 확연히 구분하여 처벌규정을 마련해야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 국가중요시설 및 다중이용시설의 보호를 강화하기 위한 민간경비시스템의 활용이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper investigates applicability of blockchain based bill of lading under the current legal environment. Legal requirements of electronic bill of lading will be analyzed based on the Rotterdam Rules and recently enacted UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. Using comparative analysis with the previous registry model for electronic bill of lading, this paper examines the advantages of blockchain based bill of lading. Design/methodology - This research reviewed previous efforts for dematerializing bill of lading with its limitation. Main features of blockchain technology which can make up for deficiencies of registry model also be investigated to analyze whether these features can satisfy the requirements for the legal validity of the negotiable electronic transport record or electronic transferable records under the Rotterdam Rules and the MLETR. Findings - Main findings of this research can be summarized as follows: Blockchain system operated in an open platform can improve transparency and scalability in transfer of electronic bill of lading by assuring easy access for transaction. Distributed ledger technology of blockchain makes it more difficult to forge or tamper with transactions because all participants equally shares identical transaction records. Consensus mechanism and timestamp in a blockchain transaction guarantee the integrity and uniqueness of a transaction. These features are enough to satisfy the requirements of electronic transferable records under the Rotterdam Rules and MLTER. Originality/value - This study has significance in that it provided implications for the introduction of electronic bill of lading by analyzing whether the blockchain based electronic bill of lading model meets the legal requirements under the current legal system prepared prior to the introduction of blockchain technology, and by presenting the advantages of the blockchain based bill of lading model through comparative analysis with the existing registry model.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제72권
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• pp.185-210
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• 2016

The climate change has become one of the most important global issues that require global responses. As one of the leading contributions to climate change, greenhouse gas emissions and Ballast Water Management have attracted growing attention from the international community. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) received its mandate to regulate International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. The convention requires that every vessel must be equipped Ballast Water Management System (BWMS) in 2017. Based on this situation, this study aims to analyze the present state and data from the exports of BWMS(HS842121). The results show that as the most leading country in the field, Germany has the largest market share (14.33%), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index 1.76, and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) 0.636 in the world. The two other leading countries such as Denmark and Netherlands follows the ability of Germany. The Korean market share of HS842121 shows market share (5.98%) which is a bit bellow high compared to other countries. However the RCA index (1.85) presents the state of comparative advantage. In addition, Korea's TSI index (0.453) indicates that it is in the state of export specialization. The Korean BWMS and Shipbuilding industry maintain the state of export specialization. They are also in the state of import specialty. For Korea to raise its export competitiveness and to ensure shipbuilding competitiveness, it is necessary to intensify supporting systems and related policies.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.657-682
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• 2004

계약법과 관련한 많은 주제 중에서 본 고에서는 미국과 한국에서의 부당이득법리를 중심으로 비교연구를 하였으며 한미간의 부당이득법리의 차이가 분쟁해결수단의 선택에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것인가를 살펴보았다. 미국의 부당이득법리와 한국의 부당이득법리를 세 가지 관점에서 비교 고찰하였다. 첫째, 부당이득의 법리적 특성에서 살펴본 바에 의하면 양국 모두 형평과 공정성에 의하여 해석되어 지고 있다는 점에서 상당한 공통점을 발견할 수 있었지만, 한국에서는 '법률상 원인 없이'라고 하는 명시된 규정에 의하는 반면 미국에서는 단순히 '불공정성'이라고만 하여 법률적 해석기준을 다소 모호하게 하고 있음을 발견하였다. 둘째, 부당이득 성립요건에서는 한미간 상당한 차이가 나타난 바, 미국에서는 '피고가 부당이득 사실에 대하여 인지하고 있어야 한다'라고 하는 반면 한국에서는 부당이득 사실에 대한 피고의 선의 악의를 구분하지 않음으로서 미국이 한국보다 원고의 입증책임을 엄격하게 적용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 부당이득의 효과와 관련하여 양국 모두 원물의 반환 내지는 합리성과 시장가격에 근거한 상당금액의 보상을 법적 구제범위로 설정함으로서 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 미국에서는 부당이득법리가 분쟁의 쟁점인 경우에 '불공정성'에 대한 법적 해석의 모호성과, 악의에 대한 입증 책임 등으로 인하여 법정에서의 해결보다는 우호적 해결 방식인 중재가 한국보다 상대적으로 많이 채택될 것으로 보여 진다

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.321-349
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• 1998

Since 1990 the effort for unification has been active in each department of our society. But the study for health policy in Unified Korea has been scarce. Unified Korea should be a democracy and a constitutional state. So we should have lively discussion on the health law as well as unified general laws. The purpose of this study is to compare the health law of South Korea and North Korea and to understand the differences in them. We guess both Korea are considerably different each other. But this study found out that there are many health related laws that have same goals and contents. The reason for this is that both health laws have its root in Korea Law. And the right to health is the social basic right. whose characteristic can not be compatible with market economy and demands state intervention for securing the right to health. The health related laws are divided into 4 fileds. 1. There is a field A which is affected by unified political and economic system and differs little from the law system: the license system of medical personnel. 2. There is a field B which is seldom affected by unified political and economic system and differs little from the law system: the right and duty of medical personnel. quarantine law. 3. There is a field C which is affected by unified political and economic system and differs greatly from the law system: health institution law(exclusive of quarantine law), the laws of medical personnel category, of research center(especially per-mission, registration and establishment). of the role of basic health in private and public area. 4. There is a field D which is seldom affected by unified political and economic system and differs greatly from the law system: health equipment law(the laws of drugs, of cosmetics and of medical instrument. of blood management). the laws of health knowledge. of cooperation in chinese medicine and western medicine. the health promotion law. the rules of first-aid. the law of separation of dispensary from medical practice. The laws which are seldom affected by political and economic system can be consolidated. which in turn can be revised and enacted before unification of Korea through the interchange between North Korea and South Korea and the support to North Korea health system.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제15권
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• pp.7-31
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• 2001

All legal systems set out the principle of full compensation of damages, which aims to fulfil the plaintiff's expectations by putting him into as good a position as he would have been in if the contract had been performed. On the other hand, they place some limitations on the full recoverability of damages for breach of contract. In Civil Law systems, 'fault' is a necessary requirement for liability for damages, and the extent of recoverable damages is directly related to the degree of the dependent's fault. This principle, however, is not adopted by Common Law systems, in which the dependent would be liable in damages for breach of contract even though the breach was not due to his fault. The CISG is in a similar position to the latter systems. In Common Law systems as well as CISG, the extent of liability of the party in breach for damages depends on whether he foresaw or could have foreseen the damages at the time of contracting. Unlike the position in Civil Law systems, foreseeability seems to be the most effective principle to decide the extent. The tests for remoteness centre on reasonable foreseeability or contemplation of the loss. The party in breach is liable even for loss indirectly caused to the other party provided that this loss was foreseeable or contemplated by the party in breach. However, this manner to decide remoteness may lead to unreasonable results in some cases. If the party in breach were the inveterate pessimist who foresaw all sorts of possible damages, he could foresee damages too remote from the breach of duty. If this fact were revealed in the course of trial, he should be liable for such indirect damages. This is really undesirable result. Therefore, as to the remoteness test, the criterion of whether the loss is foreseen or contemplated must not be adopted. Foreseeability by reasonable person must be the only available criterion.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.83-109
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• 2016

Recently, China has brought many political, economical, and ideological changes in order to complete the "socialistic market economy." In terms of legal system, they make much effort to seek compatibility and stability of law and order. China recognizes that the breakdown of corruption, which is rampant in society, is an essential short-cut for national development. To realize anti-corruption reformation, it strengthens the supervision of relatives and close officials of high-ranking government officials. Recently, China has suffered from expanded trade disputes internationally and has also experienced severe management-labor conflicts domestically due to economic recession. From 2012 onward, civil lawsuit and other litigations have increased sharply. Also, they face severe conflicts in the land system. It is expected that many disputes arise due to speculation on rural housing. Meanwhile, Mongolia expands the size of trade with Korea in mutual cooperation since their diplomatic relation in 1990 by entering more than 20 treaties and agreements. As Mongolia has rich natural resources and Korea is equipped with advanced science and technology, the two countries have opportunities to develop mutually beneficial cooperative relations. Recently, the arbitration system has attracted attention instead of litigation as a means of dispute settlement in line with the expansion of trade between Korea and Mongolia. This study would be helpful to figure out desirable methods for dispute settlements in case of trade disputes among Korean companies that would advance into China and Mongolia.