• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2000

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between the FNAC and intraopevative frozen biopsy based upon the Final histologic diagnosis. Method: Authors studied 232 cases of thyroid nodule operated at Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, from January 1992 to December 1998. The medical records of these patients were studied retrospectively. The cytology of FNAC and the frozen section was compared to the final histologic diagnosis. 232 cases were analysed in regard to correlation of FNAC diagnosis and Intraoperative frozen section with final pathology, preoperative thyroid scan, thyroid function test, ultrasonography, final histopathology of the specimens, and surgical operation methods. 174 cases who underwent FNAC for diagnosis before operation, and Intraoperative frozen-section biopsy were classified according to whether the clinical diagnosis was benign, suspicious or malignant and evaluated the specificity sensitivity and accuracy. Result: Comparing with final histopathology, FNAC as a diagnostic test for thyroid nodules demonstrated an accuracy of 81.3%, a sensitivity of 87.5%, a specificity 86.5% with a false positivity of 2.9%, false negativity of 4.3%, respectively. and Intra-operative frozen section demonstrated an accuracy of 86.8%, a sensitivity of 87.5%, a specificity 92.1%. In the benign lesion, there was no difference in accuracy between FNAC(95.6%) and frozen section(95.1%) but, in the suspicious malignant lesion, frozen section(46.2%) was superior to FNAC(32.0%), and in the malignant disease, FNAC(97.1%) was superior to frozen section(92.3%). Conclusion: Intraoperative frozen section biopsy is useful in patients undergoing surgery for a thyroid nodule with a 'suspicious' malignant lesion and could reduce inadequate extensive excision without missing malignancy and second operation and help to determine the resection margin. It adds no information in patients with a diagnosis of malignancy following FNAC assessment and is of limited use in those in whom a benign lesion is diagnosed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

Objectives : In this study, we intended to make the foundation of the development of acupuncture tissue model as comparing the needle sensation of six kinds of tissue models and Zusanli ($ST_{36}$) with the needle force measurement system. Methods : When practitioners did twisting-rotating acupuncture needle manipulation after inserting the needle into six kinds of tissue models, they quantified the similarity sense to the sensation of Zusanli ($ST_{36}$) with the NRS (Numeric Rating scale). As needle force measurement system did twisting-rotating Acupuncture needle manipulation after inserting needle into Zusanli ($ST_{36}$) of human and six kinds of tissue models, it can calculate the coefficient of viscosity by measuring the torsion friction. We compare the NRS of practitioners' needle sensation to the coefficient of viscosity of needle force measurement systems. Result : As practitioners' NRS assessment to quantify needle sensation, apple and cucumber showed 70% similarity to Zusanli ($ST_{36}$). As needle force measurement system's coefficient of viscosity, apple and cucumber's coefficient of viscosity were similar to Zusanli ($ST_{36}$)'s. Conclusions : In this study, We compared the practitioners' needle sensation of Zusanli ($ST_{36}$) and six kinds of tissue models with needle force measurement system that can quantify the needle sensation. As the result, we concluded that practitioners' needle sensation is similar to measured needle sensation. It seems that the acupuncture practice model implementing the needle sensation to specific acupuncture points can be built based on the system in this study.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.1 s.68
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• pp.55-62
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• 2006

Recently, pollution by development in coastal areas is going from bad to worse. The Korean government is attempting to make policies that prevent water pollution, but it is still difficult to say whether such measures are lowering pollution to an acceptable level. More specifically, the general investigation that has been done in KOREA does not accurately reflect the actual conditions of pollution in coastal areas. An investigation that quantitatively assesses water quality management using rational prediction technology must be attempted, and the ecosystem model, which incorporates both the 3-dimensional hydrodynamic and material cycle models, is the only one with a broad enough scope to obtain accurate results. The hydrodynamic model, which includes advection and diffusion, accounts for the ever-changing flow and (quality) of water in coastal areas, while the material cycle model accounts for pollutants and components of decomposition as sources of the carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycles. In this paper, we simulated the rates of dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen(T-N) and total-phosphorous(T-P) in Korea's Ulsan Area. Using the ecosystem model, we did simulations using a specific set of parameters and did comparative analysis to determine those most appropriate for the actual environmental characteristics of Ulsan Area. The simulation was successful, making it now possible to predict the likelihood of coastal construction projects causing ecological damage, such as eutrophication and red tide. Our model can also be used in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of future development projects in the ocean.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 2001

Recently, the use of electronic drug information databases has been increased alternative to printed references. However, databases vary widely in quality and quantity of drug information provided and many questions have arisen about their accuracy, completeness, and reliability. This study was designed to compare and evaluate the drug information contained in four Korean drug information databases which are available on CD-ROM and internet. Four Korean drug information databases selected to be evaluated were eKIMS, Datapower, KPA Standard Drug Information and Korean Drug Formulary. Databases were searched and evaluated from August 10 to September 30, 2000 by the same trained searcher to minimize the bias. The database evaluation form was developed for objective evaluation of each databases in terms of credibility of database, convenience of use and other characteristics. The second form was developed for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the drug information provided by the databases. The results of the study showed that there were no significant differences in 4 databases in terms of convenience of use and other characteristics. However, for credibility of databases, Korean Drug Formulary was significantly superior to all other databases (P<0.05). It showed that information provided by Korean Drug Formulary was the best in terms of pharmacokinetics, chemistry, comparisons and eKIMS was the best in terms of drug identification (P<0.05). For accuracy and completeness of information provided, the study could not find a significant difference between 4 databases (P>0.05).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.473-482
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to understand the effects of soundscapes on forest landscape preference in the Baekdudaegan protected area. The study sites were selected in Jeombongsan and Sobaek National park selected within the Baekdudaegan. The landscape preference surveys were conducted by using landscape adjectives classified with Nature, Sound, Attractiveness, and Aesthetics. The comparative analyses examined the difference of preferences between only visual landscapes and visual landscapes with soundscapes. The research found out that soundscapes were associated with landscape characteristics, and positively correlated with the improvement in landscape preference. Thus, the research can infer that forest landscape assessment consider visual attributes as well as soundscape cues.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.111-121
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• 2017

Verification of dose distribution is an essential part of ensuring the treatment planning system's (TPS) calculated dose will achieve the desired outcome in radiation therapy. Each measurement have uncertainty associated with it. It is desirable to reduce the measurement uncertainty. A best approach is to reduce the uncertainty associated with each step of the process to keep the total uncertainty under acceptable limits. Point dose patient specific quality assurance (QA) is recommended by American Association of Medical Physicists (AAPM) and European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) for all the complex radiation therapy treatment techniques. Relative and absolute point dose measurement methods are used to verify the TPS computed dose. Relative and absolute point dose measurement techniques have a number of steps to measure the point dose which includes chamber cross calibration, electrometer reading, chamber calibration coefficient, beam quality correction factor, reference conditions, influences quantities, machine stability, nominal calibration factor (for relative method) and absolute dose calibration of machine. Keeping these parameters in mind, the estimated relative percentage uncertainty associated with the absolute point dose measurement is 2.1% (k=1). On the other hand, the relative percentage uncertainty associated with the relative point dose verification method is estimated to 1.0% (k=1). To compare both point dose measurement methods, 13 head and neck (H&N) IMRT patients were selected. A point dose for each patient was measured with both methods. The average percentage difference between TPS computed dose and measured absolute relative point dose was 1.4% and 1% respectively. The results of this comparative study show that while choosing the relative or absolute point dose measurement technique, both techniques can produce similar results for H&N IMRT treatment plans. There is no statistically significant difference between both point dose verification methods based upon the t-test for comparing two means.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2012

The moderator thermal flow in the CANDU calandria is generally complex and highly turbulent because of the interaction of the buoyancy force with the inlet jet inertia. In this study, the prediction performance of turbulence models for the accurate analysis of the moderator thermal flow are assessed by comparing the results calculated with various types of turbulence models in the commercial flow solver FLUENT with experimental data for the test vessel at Sheridan Park Engineering Laboratory (SPEL).Through this comparative study of turbulence models, it is concluded that turbulence models that include the source term to consider the effects of buoyancy on the turbulent flow should be used for the reliable prediction of the moderator thermal flow inside the CANDU calandria.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2002

This study set its bases needed for building fire risk analysis by examining general concept and definitions of fire risk analysis, and its access methods. Upon this basis, by using a computer program FREM, we brought the type of hazards out of the fire risk assessment applied to the typical 100 high-rise buildings in and out of this country. In this process, we also sorted out the programs arising from the application of a foreign born tool to domestic conditions. the credibility of fire separations and automatic fire protection system in a building would be the two most important things in an attempt to evaluate fire risk in high-rise buildings. In addition, it is vital for the purpose of securing fire safety in high-rise buildings that the systems should be properly installed and carefully maintained. When we try hard to study the evaluation standards to the above systems and, someday in the future, to employ them in evaluating fire risks in high-rise buildings, we can measure the risks much more precisely with less expenses than that we needed today.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.447-452
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• 2018

Prompt diagnosis of malaria cases with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been widely adopted as an effective malaria diagnostic tool in many malaria endemic countries, primarily due to their easy operation, fast result output, and straightforward interpretation. However, there has been controversy about the diagnostic accuracy of RDTs. This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performances of the 2 commercially available malaria RDT kits, RapiGEN Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) and Asan $EasyTest^{TM}$ Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (HRP-2/pLDH) for their abilities to detect Plasmodium species in blood samples collected from Ugandan patients with malaria. To evaluate the diagnostic performances of these 2 RDT kits, 229 blood samples were tested for malaria infection by microscopic examination and a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction. The detection sensitivities for P. falciparum of Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) and Asan $EasyTest^{TM}$ Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (HRP-2/pLDH) were 87.83% and 89.57%, respectively. The specificities of the 2 RDTs were 100% for P. falciparum and mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infections. These results suggest that the 2 RDT kits showed reasonable levels of diagnostic performances for detection of the malaria parasites from Ugandan patients. However, neither kit could effectively detect P. falciparum infections with low parasitaemia (<$500parasites/{\mu}l$).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.437-451
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyse beginning science teachers' PCK. For the purpose of this study, two beginning science teachers were chosen in public middle school. Qualitative data were collected through classroom observation recording, semi-structured interviews, and other document data. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method. The results indicated that the two beginning science teachers' PCK had little differences; both have insufficient knowledge of science curriculum and assessment, and their PCK had quite differences in the instructional strategies and the orientations toward teaching science. Though they were aware of students' various levels, their common teaching method focused on delivery of science text knowledge for poor understanding about student. In conclusion, the two beginning teachers' PCK were still similar with preservice teachers. To develop beginning teachers' PCK, it needs to change the paradigm of pre-service teachers education program and to expand in-service teachers training and supporting program.