• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.669-686
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• 2017

This study reinterpreted the value of traditional communities in rural areas and explored ways to revitalize sustainable communities. To do this, we surveyed the members' perceptions about the activities of the community organization as assessed through a questionnaire. The questionnaire items focused on the participation, satisfaction and contribution of the members of the community organization, with additional questions investigating the idea of the community vitalizations plan. A self-report questionnaire survey was administered to 321 members of the community, and the results were analyzed through technical data, t-test and ANOVA analysis by using the SPSS program. In the results, the perceptions of the members of the traditional village community differed significantly according to socio - demographic factors and member recognition characteristics. Especially, males were more voluntarily and positively compared to females, and the lower the age of satisfaction, the lower was the perceived individual satisfaction with community activities. In the case of perceived contributions to individuals and the community, the participants perceived positively in the emotional support for the individual's participation in the organization. On the other hand, the results confirmed that the contribution to the local community is important in realistic aspects such as regional vitalizations. It is confirmed by the decrease in the number of members in response to the difficulty of the organization. (Ed- 'the lack of the size of the membership' simply repeats 'the decrease in the number of members'; thus it's unnecessary).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.67-79
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to shopping medium determinants and consumer behavior differences based on the value of consumption. Methodology: The subjects of the survey were adult men and women in their 20s or older living in Korea, and 283 valid responses were obtained. A Logit model was used to identify consumption value factors and shopping medium choices. A t-test was conducted to analyze the differences between consumer behavior based on preferred shopping medium (on/offline). Results: The inclusion of community-oriented factors such as eco-friendliness and social contributions lead to higher likelihood of choosing offline shopping. In addition, consumers who value self-expression and who are price sensitive are more likely to choose online stores. Conclusions: It was found that community-oriented factors lead shoppers to choose offline shopping, and the need for self-expression lead shoppers to choose online stores.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.317-325
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of body joints to the kinetic energy of the clubhead in the golf swing. Three dimensional swing analysis was conducted on the seven KPGA golfers. The subjects were asked to swing with 45 inches of driver. The work done by body joints were computed by utilizing the inverse dynamics method. The order of work done by the body joints was lumbar > left hip > right shoulder > left wrist > right wrist > right hip at the first phase. At the second phase, the order of work done by the body joints was trunk > left elbow > right wrist > right shoulder > left wrist > right wrist. At the third phase, the order of work done by body joints was lumbar > right shoulder > left shoulder > left elbow > right wrist > right elbow. The sum of the work done by the body joints was lumbar > shoulder > wrist on the average. The kinetic energy of the club head was 430.11${\pm}$24.35 J and the subject's swing efficiency was shown as 31.82${\pm}$4.86% on the average. The contributions of body joints to the kinetic energy of the clubhead was the order of lumbar > upper right shoulder > left elbow > right wrist during the down swing.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-194
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• 1991

Despite its universal coverage of health insurance, the rural health insurance program(RHIP) stands at the crossroads in Korea. The RHIP has weaknesses in stability of financing, problems of inequities in the provision of health services and has suffered from high cost of running the program. The author has analyzed these problems from the perspective of health insurance policy and presented several options for improvement. First of all, this study urged the importance of a firm Governmental commitment of RHIP with the 50% subsidization of contributions as the Government had promised, instead of the current 40%. This can be justified from the 20% subsidization by the Government for the contributions of private school teachers and their dependents, who belong to richer segments of the population. Second, various cost containment measures ought to be sought curbing the rising demand for medical through strengthening health education and increasing individual responsibility, and tightening the claim review process. Third, this study requires the Government to run a demonstration project on the introduction of case payment system for primary health care. Fourth introducing an income-related cost sharing scheme is another possibility. Reforming the cost sharing formula for large medical expenditures is recommendable for a beginning. This measure can take the form of tax credit for medical expenditures of the poor. Fifth, the degree of financial adjustment among health insurance plans should be levelled up for enhancing stability of RHIP and social solidarity. Sixth, health policy should be redirected toward development of rural health resources and higher priority should be put on relieving difficulties in access to care. Seventh. the insurance plan owned-hospital needs to be developed or provision of health services in the medically underserved areas, and the need of such facilities is particularly acute for geriatric care, rehabilitation and renal dialysis, etc. Eighth, more generous insurance benefits are required of the elderly who are suffering the most : elimination of the maximum 180 days of benefit period and provision of glasses and artificial dentures, etc. Ninth. the economies of scale principle is working for the operating expenses of regional self-employed insurance plan. Thus, measures should be instituted to pursue an optimum size of health insurance plans. Lastly, excessive dependence on exclusion items is an evil so that some radical remedies are urgently required to cut them.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate instant coffee-mix intakes and its relations with anthropometric measurements, nutrient intake, and blood lipid in Gangneung and Samcheok residents. Coffee-mix is a mixture of instant coffee, sugar and coffee-creamer. It is a standardized convenience food in Korea. Recently, Koreans appear to consume too much of instant coffee-mix. The respondents of this study were 218 Koreans (Gangneung region 133, Samcheok region 85). The average age was 56.0 years (male), 57.5 years (female). They were divided into 2 groups, the instant coffee-mix drinkers and the non-drinkers. The nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements and their relations with coffee-mix intakes were analyzed (nutrient intakes were calculated by converting per 1,000 kcal and adjusted by age, region). As for male, body fat was significantly higher in coffee-mix drinkers (18.1 kg, 25.0%) than in non-drinkers (17.1 kg, 23.8%). In the case of females, serum triglyceride was significantly higher in coffee-mix drinkers (109.1 mg/dL) than in nondrinkers (102.9 mg/dL). Coffee-mix intakes and coffee-mix's contributions to energy were higher for participants from Samcheok (21.2 g, 4.7%) than those from Gangneung (16.6 g, 3.4%). In addition, for Samcheok, coffee-mix's contribution to energy was significantly higher in male (5.6%) than in female (4.2%). Coffee-mix intakes and energy contribution of coffee-mix were not significantly correlated with anthropometric measurements. Only HDL-cholestrol showed significantly negative correlation with coffee-mix's contributions to energy. Based on the above results, we conclude that usual instant coffee-mix intake may increase intakes of sugar and fat and exert negative effects on serum lipids. Therefore, it is needed to control too much instant coffee-mix intake in the dietary management of rural residents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.317-334
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• 1997

The purpose of this Study is to theoretically discuss the Family Business. Family Business means a business that is owned and managed by one or more family members. Family Businesses are seen as an avenue to achieve economic security, as motivations for a productive society, and as a method for individuals to receive a monetary return for their talents and initiative. The presence of family business as a predominant business structure in the all of country's economy and their association economic contributions have been documented elsewhere. The overall objectives of this study are to introduce in the Home economics and Home Management field what the Family Business is, concretely to identify the definition of Family Business and related concepts-Home Based Business & Home Based work-, to study the interface of family and business functions within a single family. This study is to examine a clear understanding of the relationship between family functioning and business viability in families who own and operate businesses. Such understanding will be helpful in enhancing the stability and security of families who own and operate business and in developing policies and programs that foster Family Business and assist in their contributions to community and economic development. Also to understand the family and business environments and their interaction can enhance the opportunities and satisfactions for family members who are involved in business together. Results from this study will allow researchers a unique view of the Family business management and will contribute to individual and group well-being in both family and work settings.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.497-512
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• 2020

Anonymity is one of the key factors that influence communication and the work behaviours of people. It is even more evident in an online community where the role of anonymity can be akin to a double-edged sword: it can increase participation while at the same time having detrimental effects due to irresponsible and disruptive behaviour. Most studies on anonymous participation in groups or communities have reported this ambivalent view of anonymity: positive or negative. Furthermore, the effects of anonymous participation may be different in a dynamic sense because the task characteristics of participation can vary across time. In this study, we hypothesise that the effects of anonymity in online collaboration differ across the stages of collaboration. We analysed 2,978 featured articles on the English-language Wikipedia website and investigated the contributions of anonymous participants. While the contributions of anonymous participants were negative to collaboration efficiency as a whole, the negative effect of anonymous participants was stronger in the earlier stage than the later stage of collaboration. These findings indicate that the effect of anonymity has two sides in terms of collaboration efficiency in the same collaborative environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.402-412
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• 2011

Purpose: To describe the emergence of the North Texas Korean American Nurses Society (NTKANS) and to examine its sociocultural contributions to Korean immigrant societies in the U.S. for the last half century. Methods: The study used retrospective historical analysis to explore the first North Texas Korean immigrant nurses' footsteps. Using Christy's historical research methodology, this study explored themes found in the NTKANS Minutes, the directories, and newspapers, and compared them with historical nursing contexts found in documents, immigrant nurse's pictures, and letters. Interviews with twenty first immigrant Korean nurses, the members, were also use d as main data. Results: Since its emergence in 1969, the NTKANS have contributed to local Korean societies through community medical services, financial supports to local Korean associations, local publications, and opening Korean school. In addition, the society has contributed to the other Korean immigrant nursing societies in the U.S. Conclusion: The sociocultural contributions NTKANS had made to Korean immigrant societies were not possible without its members' enormous efforts, personal struggles, and altruistic dedications. The trials and tribulations these immigrant nurses have overcome and the achievements they made for last half century would greatly inspire students and nurses in Korea who may seek international leadership and scholarship.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.82-99
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• 2016

This study was carried out to understand the regional contribution of Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from East Asia ($82^{\circ}{\sim}149^{\circ}E$, $18^{\circ}{\sim}53^{\circ}N$) to Seoul during high concentration period in February 2014. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) version 5.0.2 with Decoupled Direct Method (DDM) was used to analyze levels of contributions over Seoul. In order to validate model performance of the CMAQ, predicted PM and its chemical species concentrations were compared to observations in China and Seoul. Model predictions could depict the daily and hourly variations of observed PM. The calculated PM concentrations, however, had a tendency of underestimation. The discrepancies are due to uncertainties of meteorological data, emission inventories and CMAQ model itself. The high PM concentration in Seoul was induced by stationary anticyclone over the West Coast of Korea during 24 to 27 February. The DDM in CMAQ was used to analyze the contributions of emissions from East Asia on Seoul during this PM episode. $PM_{10}$ concentration in Seoul is contributed by 39.77%~53.19% from China industrial and urban region, 15.37%~37.10% from South Korea, and 9.03%~18.05% North Korea. These indicate that $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Seoul during the episode period are dominated by long-range transport from China region as well as domestic sources. It was also found that the largest contribution region in China were Shandong peninsula during the PM event period.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.139-158
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• 2017

CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Model) simulations were carried out to estimate the potential range of contributions on surface $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations over the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) with the gaseous precursors and Primary Particulate Matters(PPM) available from a recent national emissions inventory. In detail, on top of a base simulation utilizing the 2013 Clean Air Policy Supporting System (CAPSS) emission inventory, a set of Brute Force Method (BFM) simulations after reducing anthropogenic $NO_x$, $SO_2$, $NH_3$, VOCs, and PPM emissions released from area, mobile, and point sources in SMA by 50% were performed in turn. Modeling results show that zero-out contributions(ZOC) of $NH_3$ and PPM emissions from SMA are as high as $4{\sim}5{\mu}g/m^3$ over the region during the modeling period. On the contrary, ZOC of local $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ emissions to SMA $PM_{2.5}$ are less than $1{\mu}g/m^3$. Moreover, model analyses indicate that a wintertime $NO_x$ reduction at least up to 50% increases SMA $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, probably due to increased HNO3 formation and conversion to aerosols under more abundant ozone and radical conditions after the $NO_x$ reduction. However, a nation-wide $NO_x$ reduction decreased SMA $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations even during winter, which implies that nation-wide reductions would be more effective to curtail SMA $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations than localized efforts.