• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.461-465
• /
• 2010

This paper describes the design method of Time-to-Digital Converter(TDC) to obtain the constant delay time and good reliability. The reliability property is described with delay elements. In TDC the time signal is converted to digital value which is based on delay elements for the time interpolation. To obtain the constant delay time, the first and the last delay elements have different structure compared to the middle delay elements. In the first and the last delay elements, the driving ability could be controlled for the different delay time. The delay element can be designed by analog and digital devices. The delay time of the element using analog devices is not sensitive to process parameters than that of the element using digital devices. And the TDC circuit by the elements using analog devices shows better reliability than that by the elements using digital devices also.

• Journal of Game and Entertainment
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2005

Communication is an element of the story-telling in processing of the game as well as basic role of information exchange. In case of communication-based adventure games which are processed through communication, the communication is playing the role beyond its basic role up to providing a limited information on quests and solutions in Massively Multiplay Online Role Playing Game(MMORPG). Even though the communication is one of most important element for absorbtion into game, current communications with Non Playable Characters in games are just monotonous event-driven method following pattern based on prepared game scenario. In this research, we have analyzed natural language processing systems which are being used in the area of Artificial Intelligence for the purpose of more realistic communications in games, and have studied methods to apply these communications on games.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.392-397
• /
• 2011

The effect of various post-annealing temperature to sputtered Pb(Zr,Ti)$O_3$ (PZT) thin films was investigated. The crystallization process, surface morphology and the electrical characteristics strongly depends on the rapid thermal annealing (RTA). In radio frequency (RF) sputtering methods, there were many papers mostly forcing on the crystal forming and the surface variations with different elements distribution (Pb, Ti, Zr, O) on the surface of the PZT layer. In this experiment, the post-annealing treatment promoted the Pb volatilization in PZT thin film and affected the Ti diffused throughout the Pt layer into the PZT layer. Second ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis was employed to show that the Pb element in the PZT layer was decreased at the same time the Ti element mass was slight decreased than Pb with increasing RTA temperature. That result prove the content of Pb affect the PZT thin film property.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2016

In this paper, the dipole antenna that can control a beam steering were designed for attaching on LEO(Low Earth Orbit) small satellite. The proposed antenna was based on Yagi-Uda antenna. The parasitic element was proposed as a T-shape. Depending on the state of open or short at the end of a vertical element, we can choose a characteristic of the parasitic element with fixing a vertical element length of the parasitic element. Using this characteristic, we designed the director element and reflector element. The proposed antenna was designed to receive UHF 436.5 MHz. Antenna gain was chosen by link budget between one satellite and the other satellite or between the satellite and the ground station. By changing a vertical element length which is the largest variable that chooses an antenna characteristic, we confirmed that ${\lambda}/2$ length transformer has a result that improve 0.5 dB in comparison ${\lambda}/4$ length transformer from maximum gain direction. In production, we made an on/off switch composed of a diode, capacitor, and inductor control an open and short at the end of the parasitic element. As a result, the gain of antenna used in a link between one satellite and the other satellite had average 5.92 dBi. And the gain of antenna used in a link between the satellite and the ground station had average 0.99 dBi.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2017

The flower and woman are beautiful but Euler's theorem and the symmetry are the best. Shannon applied his theorem to information and communication based on Euler's theorem. His theorem is the root of wireless communication and information theory and the principle of today smart phone. Their meeting point is $e^{-SNR}$ of MIMO(multiple input and multiple output) multiple antenna diversity. In this paper, Euler, who discovered the most beautiful formula($e^{{\pi}i}+1=0$) in the world, briefly guided Shannon's formula ($C=Blog_2(1+{\frac{S}{N}})$) to discover the origin of wireless communication and information communication, and these two masters prove a meeting at the Shannon limit, It reveals something what this secret. And we find that it is symmetry and element-wise inverse are the hidden secret in algebraic coding theory and triangular function.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2010

Furniture in the modern living environment, inclusive the importance of its practical value, is a plastic element of indoor space, and its artistic value also holds an important position. Moreover, emotional design based on the emotional engineering in a structural change of modern society such as urbanization, small family, aging society is proposed as an important keyword in the modern design. Namely, furniture as an component of modern residential space has been advanced as a human-oriented environmental element considering people's emotional and mental value to the functional satisfaction and artistic and emotional satisfaction. Furniture is a living tool that is much contacted to people, which affects highly on people's body and mind. This means that people's volition action can be naturally induced by furniture design, and that furniture can display a role as an active tool of means to make people's interpersonal communication and interchange. Namely, I think furniture design of emotional interchange that understands furniture user's pattern behavior and pattern, and observes furniture form and structure and functionality on users' relationship affecting on people's emotional stability and interpersonal interchange of emotion, as an indispensable element necessary for producing more human and prosperous environment of life.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2010

Generally, there are Chua's Circuit, Lorenz Circuit and Duffing circuit in the chaos circuit. Among these chaos circuits, Chua's circuit is well known to make the electronic parts easily. Chua's circuit is the constitute of the linearelements. These are constitute of Resistor component(R), inductor component(L), capacitor(C), and nonlinear element which is constitute of nonlinear resistor. However, L element have a difficult problem to implement real hardware by using commercial parts. Due to this, it has a saturation characteristic. In this paper, we analyzed the simplified Chua's circuit which is replace L to C by PSPICE program. Because L element has a difficult problem to make a real hardware, L has a saturation characteristic and we also confirm this analysis as the result.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2010

Currently lots of studies to solve meta-data interoperability in between schema attributes are conducted. But the accuracy in previous schema mapping studies is low since the studies just use the similarity in between attributes. So the studies are not suitable for the schema mapping such as document conversion, system integration, etc. In this paper, we propose a method which can conduct the schema mapping interactively using frequent pattern mining. The method can conduct more accurate mapping process because the method use the description element which is an element among each schema element for the metadata standard. A performance study has been conducted to compare the accuracy performance of the method using metadata standards.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.1B
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2011

Near Field Communication is an emerging short-range wireless connectivity technology that offers proximity and different operating modes. Particularly, NFC technology has the potential to revolutionize mobile applications like payment and ticketing because NFC is more complex and mutual connectivity than RFID as the simple tag reader. Finally, NFC security technology defines the robust security protocols. This paper will specify and analyze the NFC security technology, and study the chance and its beneficial effect of the UICC card as the NFC Secure Element.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.1180-1185
• /
• 2009

In this paper, the Low Pass Filter (LPF) using the equivalent circuit of T-junction microstrip line is proposed. And we derived the formulas for lumped-elements of the equivalent circuit of T-junction microstrip line to solve the frequency shift characteristic. T-junction microstrip line is de-embedded by Electromagnetic simulation tool and exact lumped element value of T-junction microstrip line is calculated by the equation of Z-parameter. We can get excellent agreement between lumped-element LPF frequency response and transmission line LPF frequency response.