• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.59-69
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to measure the level of difficulty of fingerprint database based on sample quality. This paper proposes distribution of a sample quality analyzer and a difference of sample quality analyzer to measure the level of difficulty. Experimental results demonstrate that there are stronger correlation between matching performance and level of difficulty based on difference of sample quality than other measure. Especially, level of difficulty based on OQ Block of MPQ co-occurrence matrix shows highest correlation with matching performance, and moreover it can predict the matching performance of unknown databases.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.66-72
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• 2023

Little attention appears to have been paid to the relevance of learning a good representation function in solving long tail tasks. Therefore, we propose a new loss function to ensure a good representation is learnt while learning to classify. We call this loss function Triplet Class-Wise Difficulty-Based (TriCDB-CE) Loss. It is a combination of the Triplet Loss and Class-wise Difficulty-Based Cross-Entropy (CDB-CE) Loss. We prove its effectiveness empirically by performing experiments on three benchmark datasets. We find improvement in accuracy after comparing with some baseline methods. For instance, in the CIFAR-10-LT, 7 percentage points (pp) increase relative to the CDB-CE Loss was recorded. There is more room for improvement on Places-LT.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1001-1021
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• 2012

This paper is concerned with John Ashbery's poetics of difficulty, questioning in particular the nature of communication in his difficult poems. Ashbery has an idea of poetry as 'information' to be transmitted to the reader. Meaning, however, is to be created by a series of selections among equally probable choices. Ashbery's poetry has been characterized by resistance to the interpretive system of meaning. But the resistance itself, as I will argue, can be an effective medium of communication as the communicated message is not simply transmitted but 'selected' and thus created by the reader. In Ashbery's poetry, disruptive 'noise' elements can be processed as constructive information. What is normally considered a hindrance or noise can be reversed and added to the information. In Ashbery's poems, random ambiguities or noises can be effectively integrated into the final structure of meaning. Such a stochastic sense of information transfer has been embodied in Ashbery's idea of creating a network of verbal elements in his poetry, analogous to the interconnecting web of hypertext, the most dynamic medium 'information technology' has brought to us. John Ashbery, whose poems are simultaneously incomprehensible and intelligent, employs ambiguities or noise in his poetry, with an attempt to reach through linear language to express nonlinear realities. It is therefore my intention to examine Ashbery's poetics of difficulty, from a perspective of communication transmission, using the theories of information technology and the principles of hypertext theory. Ashbery's poetry raises precisely the problem confronted in the era of communication and information technology. The paper will also show how his aesthetics of difficulty reflects the culture of our uncertain times with overflowing information. With his difficult enigmatic poems, Ashbery was able to move ahead of the technological advances of his time to propose a new way of perceiving the world and life.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.87-111
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the level of communication difficulty between child-care teachers and parents and teachers' job satisfaction on teacher's emotional labor. Methods: The data of 137 questionnaires collected in Y city, Gyeongggi-do were analyzed. The respondents of the questionnaires were teachers of 0-5 year old children. Statistical analyses were performed using frequency analysis, explorative factor analysis, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis at the p < .05 by SPSS 24.0 program. Results: First, there was no statistically significant difference on child-care teachers' communication difficulties with parents by sociological variables of child-care teachers. Second, there was no statistically significant difference on teachers' job satisfaction by sociological variables of child-care teachers. However, there were significant differences on the sub-factors of job satisfaction by teaching careers, types of workplace, and marital status. Third, these two factors were found to be important predictors of child-care teachers' emotional labor. Conclusion/Implications: In order to reduce the emotional labor experienced by child-care teachers in early childhood care settings, it will be necessary to pursue a multi-faceted approach to improving the working environment.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.129-134
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• 2021

Since the first semester of 2020, domestic and overseas universities mostly provided untact online classes and limitedly provided face-to-face classes due to COVID-19 in operating courses. The convergence subjects provided in undergraduate courses attach importance to contents-centered, design-based, hands-on education, and field experience. In the situation where online education was not revitalized, instructors in charge of convergence subjects had difficulty in developing online class materials, and students' satisfaction with the classes was not high. Especially, a problem was raised that students taking the convergence subjects that included practice had difficulty in communicating with the instructors. We would investigate the present condition of distance learning in domestic universities, which came suddenly due to the global pandemic of infectious disease and make suggestions for effective distance learning in the coming era of Metaverse by emphasizing the interaction and communication between instructors and learners through an analysis of distance learning of a convergence subject.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.68-73
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• 2008

In this research, we proposed a learner tailoring question recommendation system for web based learning evaluation system. For teaming evaluation process, this system used the item difficulty Each question was stored and managed to the question bank. Item difficulty was recalculated during teaming process and feedback in next course. For learner tailoring question recommendation, learner could choice the teaming part and set the learning difficulty. In application result of proposal method, almost learner could improve learning score by controling teaming difficulty.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.373-382
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the educational needs of ICU nurses based on an analysis of importance, frequency, and difficulty for ICU nursing practice. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire with 80 questions in 14 ICU nursing categories. Data were collected from August to October 2009. A total of 295 ICU nurses from five hospitals who had minimum of one year clinical experience participated. Data were analyzed with using descriptive statistics. Results: For importance, emergency care had the highest score, followed by physical assessment, communication, cardiovascular care, and ICU basic nursing. Regarding the frequency, physical assessment had the highest score, followed by communication, medication, ICU basic nursing, and respiratory care. Cardiovascular care was the most difficult task, followed by neurological care, emergency care, other ICU related nursing care, diagnostic test, and communication. Conclusion: The findings indicate a high educational need in the areas of communication, medication, physical assessment, diagnostic test, emergency care, and cardiovascular care. Thus the development of educational programs on communication, medication, physical assessment, diagnostic test, emergency care, and cardiovascular care are needed for ICU nurses.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1231-1237
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• 2020

In recent years, future information and communication technology (ICT) has influenced and changed our lives. Without various ICT-based applications, we would have difficulty in securely storing, efficiently processing, and conveniently communicating information. In the future, ICT will play a very important role in the convergence of computing, communication, and all other computational sciences and application. ICT will also influence various fields including communication, science, engineering, industry, business, law, politics, culture, and medicine. In this paper, we investigate the latest algorithms, processes, and services in future fields.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.103-106
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• 2000

In this paper a communication system that is not using the communication line but power line is presented. It will be very useful for an information-oriented society with tele-metering and home automation. Conventional system has a difficulty in transmitting information due to decreasing communication voltage and increasing carrier, current. Proposed idea is a special type switching amplifier system which has a low inner resistance. It can provide reactive power and dose not have low impedance between the transceivers. This new system is proposed to overcome the loss of conductor load in a PLC system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.2232-2238
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• 2008

Most questions made for remote examinations on E-learning databank based selection system use methods of making questions automatically using degrees of difficulty. This method is the kernel of a question selection that degrees of difficulty as make test questions, and then needs continuous management for degrees of difficulty. This paper presents improved algorithms for dynamically adjustment of degrees of difficulty based on examination result that is more efficient sot of questions. We identified this algorithm is more effective as compared with previous algorithms on web-based education systems.