• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 지문인식 평가용 데이터베이스의 난이도(Level of Difficulty)를 지문영상 품질 평가를 통하여 정량화 하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 지문 데이터베이스의 난이도 정량화 방법으로 품질 분포도 분석 방법과 품질 차이 분석 방법을 제안한다. 품질 분포도 분석 방법은 지문 영상의 품진 등급별 빈도수를 기반으로 데이터베이스 전체의 난이도를 표현한 방법이고, 품질 차이 분석 방법은 데이터베이스를 구성하는 동일 지문의 영상들 간의 각 품질 차이별 빈도수를 동시발생 매트릭스(Co-occurrence Matrices)를 이용하여 난이도로 나타낸 방법이다. 두 방법론에 의한 실험 결과 지문영상 품질 기반의 데이터베이스의 난이도는 인식 성능과 상관관계를 가지며, 품질 분포도 기반의 난이도보다 품질 차이 기반의 난이도가 더 높은 상관관계를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 MPQ(Matching Pairwise Qualities) 동시발생 매트릭스의 OQ(Opposite Qualities) Block 기반의 난이도 정량화 방법이 인식 성능과 가장 높은 상관관계를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 지문영상 품질 기반의 지문 데이터베이스의 난이도를 정량화할 수 있었고, 난이도와 인식성능이 높은 상관관계를 가짐을 알 수 있다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2023

Little attention appears to have been paid to the relevance of learning a good representation function in solving long tail tasks. Therefore, we propose a new loss function to ensure a good representation is learnt while learning to classify. We call this loss function Triplet Class-Wise Difficulty-Based (TriCDB-CE) Loss. It is a combination of the Triplet Loss and Class-wise Difficulty-Based Cross-Entropy (CDB-CE) Loss. We prove its effectiveness empirically by performing experiments on three benchmark datasets. We find improvement in accuracy after comparing with some baseline methods. For instance, in the CIFAR-10-LT, 7 percentage points (pp) increase relative to the CDB-CE Loss was recorded. There is more room for improvement on Places-LT.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.1001-1021
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• 2012

This paper is concerned with John Ashbery's poetics of difficulty, questioning in particular the nature of communication in his difficult poems. Ashbery has an idea of poetry as 'information' to be transmitted to the reader. Meaning, however, is to be created by a series of selections among equally probable choices. Ashbery's poetry has been characterized by resistance to the interpretive system of meaning. But the resistance itself, as I will argue, can be an effective medium of communication as the communicated message is not simply transmitted but 'selected' and thus created by the reader. In Ashbery's poetry, disruptive 'noise' elements can be processed as constructive information. What is normally considered a hindrance or noise can be reversed and added to the information. In Ashbery's poems, random ambiguities or noises can be effectively integrated into the final structure of meaning. Such a stochastic sense of information transfer has been embodied in Ashbery's idea of creating a network of verbal elements in his poetry, analogous to the interconnecting web of hypertext, the most dynamic medium 'information technology' has brought to us. John Ashbery, whose poems are simultaneously incomprehensible and intelligent, employs ambiguities or noise in his poetry, with an attempt to reach through linear language to express nonlinear realities. It is therefore my intention to examine Ashbery's poetics of difficulty, from a perspective of communication transmission, using the theories of information technology and the principles of hypertext theory. Ashbery's poetry raises precisely the problem confronted in the era of communication and information technology. The paper will also show how his aesthetics of difficulty reflects the culture of our uncertain times with overflowing information. With his difficult enigmatic poems, Ashbery was able to move ahead of the technological advances of his time to propose a new way of perceiving the world and life.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.87-111
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the level of communication difficulty between child-care teachers and parents and teachers' job satisfaction on teacher's emotional labor. Methods: The data of 137 questionnaires collected in Y city, Gyeongggi-do were analyzed. The respondents of the questionnaires were teachers of 0-5 year old children. Statistical analyses were performed using frequency analysis, explorative factor analysis, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis at the p < .05 by SPSS 24.0 program. Results: First, there was no statistically significant difference on child-care teachers' communication difficulties with parents by sociological variables of child-care teachers. Second, there was no statistically significant difference on teachers' job satisfaction by sociological variables of child-care teachers. However, there were significant differences on the sub-factors of job satisfaction by teaching careers, types of workplace, and marital status. Third, these two factors were found to be important predictors of child-care teachers' emotional labor. Conclusion/Implications: In order to reduce the emotional labor experienced by child-care teachers in early childhood care settings, it will be necessary to pursue a multi-faceted approach to improving the working environment.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2021

Since the first semester of 2020, domestic and overseas universities mostly provided untact online classes and limitedly provided face-to-face classes due to COVID-19 in operating courses. The convergence subjects provided in undergraduate courses attach importance to contents-centered, design-based, hands-on education, and field experience. In the situation where online education was not revitalized, instructors in charge of convergence subjects had difficulty in developing online class materials, and students' satisfaction with the classes was not high. Especially, a problem was raised that students taking the convergence subjects that included practice had difficulty in communicating with the instructors. We would investigate the present condition of distance learning in domestic universities, which came suddenly due to the global pandemic of infectious disease and make suggestions for effective distance learning in the coming era of Metaverse by emphasizing the interaction and communication between instructors and learners through an analysis of distance learning of a convergence subject.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2008

본 연구는 웹 기반 학습평가를 위한 학습자 중심의 문제추천 시스템을 제안하였다. 문제추천 과정을 위하여 문항난이도가 이용되었으며, 각 문제들은 문제은행에 저장 및 관리되었다. 문항난이도는 학습과정 중 재 산출되며 다음 학습에서 피드백되었다. 학습자 중심 문제추천을 위해, 학습자는 학습 전 학습단원을 선택할 수 있으며 학습난이도를 설정할 수 있도록 하였다. 제안방법의 적용결과 대부분의 학습자들이 학습난이도 조절로 인하여 성적이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the educational needs of ICU nurses based on an analysis of importance, frequency, and difficulty for ICU nursing practice. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire with 80 questions in 14 ICU nursing categories. Data were collected from August to October 2009. A total of 295 ICU nurses from five hospitals who had minimum of one year clinical experience participated. Data were analyzed with using descriptive statistics. Results: For importance, emergency care had the highest score, followed by physical assessment, communication, cardiovascular care, and ICU basic nursing. Regarding the frequency, physical assessment had the highest score, followed by communication, medication, ICU basic nursing, and respiratory care. Cardiovascular care was the most difficult task, followed by neurological care, emergency care, other ICU related nursing care, diagnostic test, and communication. Conclusion: The findings indicate a high educational need in the areas of communication, medication, physical assessment, diagnostic test, emergency care, and cardiovascular care. Thus the development of educational programs on communication, medication, physical assessment, diagnostic test, emergency care, and cardiovascular care are needed for ICU nurses.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1231-1237
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• 2020

In recent years, future information and communication technology (ICT) has influenced and changed our lives. Without various ICT-based applications, we would have difficulty in securely storing, efficiently processing, and conveniently communicating information. In the future, ICT will play a very important role in the convergence of computing, communication, and all other computational sciences and application. ICT will also influence various fields including communication, science, engineering, industry, business, law, politics, culture, and medicine. In this paper, we investigate the latest algorithms, processes, and services in future fields.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2000년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.103-106
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• 2000

In this paper a communication system that is not using the communication line but power line is presented. It will be very useful for an information-oriented society with tele-metering and home automation. Conventional system has a difficulty in transmitting information due to decreasing communication voltage and increasing carrier, current. Proposed idea is a special type switching amplifier system which has a low inner resistance. It can provide reactive power and dose not have low impedance between the transceivers. This new system is proposed to overcome the loss of conductor load in a PLC system.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.2232-2238
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• 2008

이러닝 문제은행 기반의 출제 시스템에서 평가를 위해 출제되는 문제들은 주로 난이도에 따른 자동 출제 방식을 이용하고 있다. 이러한 방식은 출제 시점의 문제 난이도가 문제 출제에 핵심이기 때문에 무엇보다 객관적이고 효율적인 방법으로 문제의 난이도에 대한 지속적인 관리가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 웹 기반의 학습 시스템에서 보다 효율적인 문제 출제를 위해, 평가 결과를 바탕으로 해당 문제들의 난이도를 동적으로 재조정하는 보다 향상된 알고리즘을 제시한다. 제시된 알고리즘을 구축된 웹기반 학습 시스템에서 기존 알고리즘과 비교 분석해 본 결과 보다 효율적임을 확인할 수 있었다.