• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.349-360
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• 2023

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Weight 23.05 ± 6.98 g, Length 12.65 ± 1.38 cm) were exposed to waterborne nitrite at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg NO₂ ^-/L for 96 hours. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) of C. carpio exposed to waterborne nitrite was 398.6 mg NO₂ ^-/L. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBC count were significantly decreased by waterborne nitrite exposure. The MCV (mean mean corpuscular volume) (µl), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) (pg) and MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) (%) were significantly increased. The inorganic component, plasma calcium, was significantly increased, and the organic components such as plasma cholesterol and total protein were significantly increased showing a similar tendency with calcium. In enzymatic components, the AST and ALT were also significantly increased by nitrite exposure. The results of this study indicate that exposure to nitrite can affect the survival and hematological physiology of C. carpio.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2024

One of the most common sources of spinal pain syndromes is the facet joints. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar facet joint pain syndromes comprise 55%, 42%, and 31% of chronic spinal pain syndromes, respectively. Common facet joint disorders are degenerative disorders, such as osteoarthritis, hypertrophied superior articular process, and facet joint cysts; septic arthritis; systemic and metabolic disorders, such as ankylosing spondylitis or gout; and traumatic dislocations. The facet pain syndrome from osteoarthritis is suspected from a patient's history (referred pain pattern) and physical examination (tenderness). Other facet joint disorders may cause radicular pain if mass effect from a facet joint cyst, hypertrophied superior articular process, or tumors compress the dorsal root ganglion. However, a high degree of morphological change does not always provoke pain. The superiority of innervating nerve block or direct joint injection for diagnosis and treatment is still a controversy. Treatment includes facet joint injection in facet joint osteoarthritis or whiplash injury provoking referred pain or decompression in mass effect in cases of hypertrophied superior articular process or facet joint cyst eliciting radicular pain. In addition, septic arthritis is treated using a proper antibiotic, based on infected tissue or blood culture. This review describes the diagnosis and treatment of common facet joint disorders.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.345-350
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• 2009

We have isolated and characterized a new insect chicken type (c-type) lysozyme gene from the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. The full-length cDNA of Spodoptera lysozyme is cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR (RACE-PCR). The isolated cDNA consists of 1039 bp including the coding region for a 142-amino acid residue polypeptide, which included a signal peptide of 21-amino acid residue and a mature protein of 121-amino acid residue. The predicted molecular weight of mature lysozyme and its theoretical isoelectric point from amino acid composition is 13964.8 Da and 9.05, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of Spodoptera lysozyme gene shows the highest similarity (96.7%) to Spodoptera exigua lysozyme among other lepidopteran species. Amino acid sequence comparison with other the c-type lysozymes, Spodoptera lysozyme has the completely conserved $Glu^{32}$ and $Asp^{50}$ of the active site and eight Cys residues are completely conserved in the same position as that of other lepidopteran lysozymes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.903-905
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• 1997

Morphological differences were studied using the analysis of covariance between various partial length and mantle length of the common Todarodes pacificus by cohorts in the Korean waters. Analysis of seven morphological characters proved that each cohort has no sexual differences, except significant sexual differences only in the Summer cohort in term of relative growth between mantle length and body weight. The three cohorts represent significant differences in morphological characters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.956-959
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• 2003

In the semiconductor and the optical industry a new transport system which can replace the common system is required. The common systems are driven by magnetic field and conveyer belt. The magnetic field damages semiconductor and contact force scratches the optical lens. The ultrasonic wave driven system solve these problem. In this paper the object transport system using the excitation of ultrasonic wave is proposed. The experiments for finding the optimal excitation frequency, finding phase-difference between two ultrasonic wave get orators are performed. The effect of transporting speed according to the change of weight and amplification voltage are verified. In addition, the system performance for actual use is evaluated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1089-1093
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• 1994

Polyesters containing enaryloxynitriles moiety have been newly prepared from p-bis[1-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenoxy]-2,2-dicyano vinyl]benzene (3) and common diols with terephthaloyl chloride. The copolyesters have a good solubility in common organic solvents as well as polar aprotic solvents. They undergo a curing reaction at around 350 $^{circ}C$ and show a 50-60${\%}$ of residual weight at 500 $^{circ}C$. The enhanced thermal stabilities were due to the intramolecular cyclization or intermolecular cross-linking reaction of the dicyanovinyl group incorporated into polyester by copolymerization.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide information about annual variations in catch size and changes in reproductive biology in the common octopus Octopus vulgaris, a commercially important species. Samples were collected from coastal waters off Gyeongnam, Korea, by coastal trap and coastal complex fishery from February to December 2018. Octopus vulgaris have been decreasing in this region since 2007 and catch prices have been increasing. The mantle length (ML) of O. vulgaris ranged from 1.2 to 21.2 cm and body weight ranged from 42.6 to 5,537 g. The sex ratio differed significantly from what was expected, at 0.45:0.55 (P<0.05). Mature females were found from February to December, except in October and November, and males occurred from February to December, except in October. The gonadosomatic index value was higher from May to September than in other months. The total number of eggs in fecund individuals ranged from 40,280 in 578.1 g of body weight to 138,994 in 1,666.5 g of body weight. The relationship between body weight and fecundity was F=76.486BW^1.0087 (r²=0.7897). At 50% group maturity, average weight was estimated to be 636.35 g, while it was 969.30 g at 75% maturity and 1736.55 g at 97.5% maturity. This study highlights changes in catch size and reproductive biology between 2007 and 2018. These results provide basic evidence that may be used to establish regulatory policy for O. vulgaris fisheries.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.246-252
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• 2011

Purpose: The outcomes of small for gestational age (SGA) infants especially in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) are controversial. This study evaluated the mortality and morbidity of ELBWIs, focusing on whether or not they were also SGA. Methods: The medical records of 415 ELBWIs (birth weight<1,000 g), who were inborn and admitted to the Samsung Medical Center neonatal intensive care unit from January 2000 to December 2008, were reviewed retrospectively. Mortality and morbidities were compared by body size groups: very SGA (VSGA), birth weight ${\leq}$3rd percentile; SGA, 3rd to 10th percentile; and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants, >10th percentile for gestational age. For gestational subgroup analysis, groups were divided into infants with gestational age ${\leq}24^{+6}$ weeks (subgroup I), $25^{+0}$ to $26^{+6}$ weeks (subgroup II), and ${\geq}27^{+0}$ weeks (subgroup III) Results: Gestational age was $29^{+2}{\pm}2^{+6}$ weeks in the VSGA infants (n=49), $27^{+5}{\pm}2^{+2}$weeks in the SGA infants (n=45), and $25^{+4}{\pm}1^{+4}$ weeks in AGA infants (n=321). Birth weight was $692{\pm}186.6$ g, $768{\pm}132.9$ g, and $780{\pm}142.5$ g in the VSGA, SGA, and AGA groups, respectively. Cesarean section rate and maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension were more common in the VSGA and SGA than in AGA pregnancies. However, chorioamnionitis was more common in the AGA group. The mortalities of the lowest gestational group (subgroup I), and also of the lower gestational group (subgroup I+II) were significantly higher in the VSGA group than the SGA or AGA groups (P=0.020 and P=0.012, respectively). VSGA and SGA infants showed lower incidence in respiratory distress syndrome, ductal ligation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage than AGA group did. However, by multiple logistic regression analysis of each gestational subgroup, the differences were not significant. Conclusion: Of ELBWIs, extremely SGA in the lower gestational subgroups, had an impact on mortality, which may provide information useful for prenatal counseling.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.343-354
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• 1995

A series of feeding experiments were conducted to study the possible utilization of blood meal as a dietary protein source in growing common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Diets were formulated on isonitrogenous and isocaloric basis of $40\%$ crude protein and 3,640 kcal/kg diet : diet 1 (100 FMP, control), $100\%$ fish meal Protein (FMP) : diet 2 (25 BMP), $75\%$ $FMP+25\%$ blood meal protein (BMP) : diet 3 (50 BMP), $50\%$ $FMP+50\%$ BMP : diet 4 (75 BMP), $25\%$ $FMP+75\%$ BMP : d;et 5 (100 BMP), $100\%$ BMP. As the dietary protein sources, $34.2\%$ of animal protein were supplied by FMP and/or BMP, and approximately $65.8\%$ of plant protein were used. In the first experiment, weight gain and feed efficiency were improved with increased level of blood meal protein in the diets. Weight gain and feed efficiency from fish fed diets 4 and S were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those from fish fed diets 1, 2 and 3. The second experiment was designed as a cross-over study to prove the first experiment's results. This cross-over study shows that weight gain from fish fed diet 5 is greater than that from fish fed diet 1. The third experiment was conducted to compare palatability between diet 1 (100 FMP) and 5 (100 BMP). The data from this palatability study indicated that the palatability of diet 5 was lower than that of diet 1 initially, however, the palatability of iiet 5 was improved and not worse than that of diet 1 within a week. Therefore, these findings may suggest that the fish meal can be replaced with blood meal completely in growing common carp diets.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2009

The common octopus, Octopus vulgaris is commercially important species in Korea. Korean fishing vessels have actively caught it. However, the study of this species has been poorly known. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide information about maturation and spawning period of this species. Samplings have been monthly collected in Tongyoung and Sacheon of Gyeongsangnam-do, using traps. A total of 748 individuals were sampled from February 2007 to January 2008. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stages, gonadosomatic index, total weight at 50% group maturity. The octopus total weight was between 128.6 and 3381.4 g. Females were distributed between 129.8 and 3381.4 g and males between 128.6 and 2378.4 g. The spawning periods were May to June and September. The total weight at 50% group maturity was estimated to be 919.6 g.