• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2005

Constipation is very common phenomenon during childhood that accounts approximately 3% of general pediatric outpatient visits and up to 25% of visit to the pediatric gastroenterologist. The diagnosis of functional constipation is based on the historical features and absence of physical abnormalities. Most infants and children with chronic constipation require no diagnostic tests. Constipation and subsequent fecal retention behavior often begins soon after experience of painful defecation. The effective management of childhood chronic constipation consist of education, prolonged support by physicians and parents, medications, and long term follow up.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 1992

Despite the availability of drugs effective in producing a bacteriological cure, tuberculosis presents continuing problems in its control, especially in the developing world. An effective immunotherapy to be used with chemotherapy is urgently required. Intradermal injection of a suspenison of killed Mycobacterium vaccae switches off the tissue-necrotizing component of the Koch phenomenon, and promotes cell-mediated responses to the common, putative protective, mycobacterial antigens. These properties led to the empolyment of the suspension in immunotherapy as an adjunct to chemotherapy in the treatment of both tuberculosis and leprosy. The evidence leading to these conclusions is reviewed.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2009

Excessive daytime sleepiness in childhood might be abnormal phenomenon and often related to the sleep disorders or insufficient sleep duration. The most common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness would be insufficient sleep. However, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, medication, medical illness and other sleep disorders that could cause insomnia and poor quality of sleep also result in excessive daytime sleepiness. The misdiagnosed and untreated excessive daytime sleepiness in childhood can lead to serious developmental and educational problem.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2009

Clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a multifaceted phenomenon that is due to prostatic and bladder influences as well as nonurological causes. It is also important to differentiate between the more common voiding or obstructive symptoms as well as the more bothersome storage or irritative symptoms. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and BPH may be two separate conditions with different underlying pathologies. However, they are often treated incorrectly as one entity. Both conditions are very common and they represent chronic conditions of the aging male. They are often associated with a significant reduction in the patients' quality of life. Although these are not new conditions, there have been enormous changes in the methods of assessing and managing the patients with these conditions. This review describes some of the influential studies in this area and the current trends of the primary treatment for LUTS/BPH.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.512-519
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• 2011

This paper gives a detailed analysis of the direct torque control (DTC) strategy in a five-level drive and proposes a 24-sector switching table. The known problems in low-voltage drives such as bearings currents and an overvoltage phenomenon which leads to premature failure are reviewed and the occurrence of these problems in medium voltage drives has been investigated. Then a solutions to these problems is presented and the switching table to deal with these problems is modified. Simulation and experimental results on a 3kVA prototype confirm the proposed solution. In implementing the above strategy a TMS320F2812 is used.

• 한국교육논총
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2016

본 연구는 혼합물의 분리 개념과 관련하여 중학교 학생들의 과학 개념을 조사한 것이다. 학생들이 이해하고 있는 수준은 성취수준별로 달랐으며, 성취수준이 높을수록 더 정확하고 복잡한 수준으로 이해하고 있었다. 모든 성취수준에서 오개념이 나타났으며, 성취수준이 높을 수록 개념 정의와 관련된 오개념이 많았고, 성취수준이 낮을수록 현상과 관련한 오개념이 많았다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1068-1071
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• 2007

When a dielectric layer, in-cell retarder (ICR) is formed between electrode and LC layer to get a single gap transflective fringe-field switching (FFS) display, the operating voltage ($V_{op}$) is highly increased due to the thickness of dielectric material. But, we also knew the phenomenon that the increasing rate of Vop is different whether the 1st common electrode was composed of plate type or slit type. In this paper, the common electrode in transmissive part was composed of slit type which had less steepness effect of the Vop and in reflective part was composed of plate type. The rubbing angle of reflective part can be adjusted properly to match the voltage dependent transmittance and reflectance.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.203-218
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• 1997

Caring is the essence and it is the central and unifying domain for the body of knowledge and practice in nursing. However a clear conceptualization of what caring in nursing does not yet exist. The purpose of this study is to research the phenomenon of caring by obtaining verbal description of the experience of caring in handicapped children, to provide basic information for developing theory of caring, and to teach the humanism centered education. The study design was a descriptive study using phenomenological method. The subjects for this study were 26 nursing students who cared for handicapped children in S rehabilitation center from August, 24 to October. 29 1994. Van kamm's phenomenological method was used for the analysis of the datas. The results are as follows : The experience of caring was classified with 15 common elements and 61 descriptive expressions from 120 raw data. The common elements were , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.435-436
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• 2007

In general, Single gap transflective FFS display has an in-cell retarder (ICR) between reflective electrode and liquid crystal (LC) layer. Therefore, Operating voltage is highly increased due to this thick dielectric material. But, we also knew the phenomenon that the increasing rate of Vop is different whether the 1st common electrode was composed of plate type or slit type. In this paper, the common electrode in transmissive part was composed of slit type which had less steepness effect of the V op and in reflective part was composed of plate type. The rubbing angle of reflective part can be adjusted properly to match the voltage dependent transmittance and reflectance.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2023

This paper presents a new scheme for constructing locking-free finite elements in thick and thin plates, called Discrete Shear Gap element (DSG), using multiphase material topology optimization for triangular elements of Reissner-Mindlin plates. Besides, common methods are also presented in this article, such as quadrilateral element (Q4) and reduced integration method. Moreover, when the plate gets too thin, the transverse shear-locking problem arises. To avoid that phenomenon, the stabilized discrete shear gap technique is utilized in the DSG3 system stiffness matrix formulation. The accuracy and efficiency of DSG are demonstrated by the numerical examples, and many superior properties are presented, such as being a strong competitor to the common kind of Q4 elements in the static topology optimization and its computed results are confirmed against those derived from the three-node triangular element, and other existing solutions.