• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.385-398
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• 2016

In a world where opportunities and chances are common, the phenomenon referred to as "generation maybe" describes people in their 20s and early 30s who are usually being indecisive. With the increase in breadth of information and choices, the number of people who are hesitant in deciding whether to purchase increases at a fast pace, as does the number of products and services targeting this group. In order to enhance our understanding of the phenomenon of consumer hesitation, this study explores contextual factors and consumer characteristics that affect consumer hesitation in the purchase decision-making process. Specifically, this study examines whether seven contextual factors, self-determination tendencies, and five decision-making styles influence consumer hesitation in the product decision making process. An online survey was administered to test our research questions. A total of 309 Korean consumers (female=48.9%) aged from 20 to 35 were surveyed. A regression analysis revealed that four contextual factors (product involvement, need for information on alternatives, relative price, and uncertain need), two sub-dimensions of self-determination (perceived competence and relatedness), and two decision-making styles (price seeking and advice seeking) have noticeable influences on consumer hesitation. We also found that the degree of consumer hesitation positively influences consumer post-purchase satisfaction. The study concludes with discussions and practical implications.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.62
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• pp.200-222
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• 2013

A recent argument of network neutrality is converted by the differentiation of transmission and cost adjustment. However, It is raised that this phenomenon caused strategy for vertical integration operator to exclude a competitive operator. This study analyzed a number of instances about differentiation of transmission of ISP and problems of ISP that vertical integration in IX markets. The result of research, differentiation of transmission increased service differentiation about application programs used a best effort network like OTT or Smart TV. But this study was analyzed that a related law was vague for solving this issue. Besides, ISPs that is vertical integrated and commercial operated in an IX market discriminated competitive services, and this phenomenon can be proceeded plainly and orginated in an issue of a related law.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-116
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• 2013

Though the term "mathematical modeling" has no single definition or perspective, it is pursued commonly by groups from various perspectives who emphasize the activities of understanding and representing real phenomenon mathematically, building models to solve problems, and reinterpreting real phenomenon to make an attempt to understand the real world and related mathematical models more deeply. The purpose of this study is to identify how mathematization arises and find difficulties of mathematization in mathematical modeling process that share common features with the mathematical modeling activities as presented here. As a result of this research, we confirmed that the students mathematized real phenomena by building various representations, and interpreting them with regard to relationships and contexts inherent real phenomena. The students' communication fostered interplay between iconic representations and indexical representations. We also identified difficulties of mathematization in mathematical modeling process.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 1992

The counter-transport phenomena in the hepatic transport of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) were kinetically investigated by analyzing the plasma disappearance-time profiles and the transport into the isolated hepatocytes. In vivo "counter transport phenomena" were simulated based on the perfusion model which incorporated the carrier-mediated transport and the saturable intracellular binding. The condition that the mobility of carrier-ligand complex is greater than that of free carrier is not essential for the occurrence of counter-transport phenomenon. To examine the inhibitory effects on the initial uptake of a ligand by the liver, it is necessary to judge whether the true counter-transport mechanism (trans-stimulation) is working or not. The initial plasma disappearance curves of ANS were then kinetically analyzed based on a two-compartment model, in which the ligand is eliminated only from the peripheral compartment (liver compartment). No effects on the initial plasma disappearance rates of ANS were observed after preloading of bromophenol blue (BPB) or rose bengal (RB) in the liver. Inhibitory effect of BPB or RB on the initial uptake (or efflux) rates of ANS by the isolated hepatocytes were not observed, suggesting that the true counter transport mechanism is not working. In conclusion, checking the preloading effects of transstimulation on the initial uptake of a ligand by the liver could be a useful criterion for carrier cycling and common use of the same carrier between two ligands. However, one cannot exclude those possibilities even if the preloading effects cannot be observed.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.1 s.20
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• pp.69-76
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• 2007

This paper presents the design of LVDS (Low-Voltage-Differential-Signaling) transmitter for Gb/s-per-pin operation. The proposed LVDS transmitter is designed using BiCMOS technology, which can be compatible with CMOS technology. To reduce chip area and enhance the robustness of LVDS transmitter, the MOS switches of transmitter are replaced with lateral bipolar transistor. The common emitter current gain($\beta$) of designed bipolar transistor is 20 and the cell size of LVDS transmitter is $0.01mm^2$. Also the proposed LVDS driver is operated at 1.8V and the maximum data rate is 2.8Gb/s approximately In addition, a novel ESD protection circuit is designed to protect the ESD phenomenon. This structure has low latch-up phenomenon by using turn on/off character of P-channel MOSFET and low triggering voltage by N-channel MOSFET in the SCR structure. The triggering voltage and holding voltage are simulated to 2.2V, 1.1V respectively.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

In this paper, determination of the scalability of the cluster composed common personal computer was performed when optimization of reinforced concrete structure using genetic algorithm. The goal of this research is watching the potential of multi-core-PC cluster for optimization of seismic design of reinforced-concrete structures. By increasing the number of core-processer of cluster, decreasing of computation time per each generation of genetic algorithm was observed. After classifying the components in singular personal computer, the estimation of the expected bottle-neck phenomenon and comparison with wall-clock time and Amdahl's law equation was performed. So we could obseved the scalability of the cluster appear complex tendency. For separating the bottle-neck phenomenon of physical and algorithm, the different size of population was selected for genetic algorithm cases. When using 64 core-processor, the efficiency of cluster is low as 31.2% compared with Amdahl's law efficiency.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analysis the gender differences in the academic achievement and the difference of academic achievement by the residential area in elementary school. Common phenomenon was observed in the result of the differences between male and female students' academic achievement and the ratio of achievement level. Female students' score was higher in 3rd grade elementary school but in 4th and 5the grade this phenomenon was gradually weakened. The following are the results of analysis of elementary school students' mathematics academic achievement in three areas(big city, small city and rural area). In the result was proved that the problem of the gap between the urban and rural areas has continued in the 21st century.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.39
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• pp.127-152
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• 2015

This thesis comparatively looks into folklore faiths, expecially child-birth gods related to child-birth customs and aims to find out both nations' faith in child-birth gods and their features. It looks into birth gods protecting delivering mothers and babies by appearing at the delivery sites at time of delivery and child-rearing gods intervening in growth of babies after they are born. In both nations, many gods are believed in for selection of babies, safe delivery and their healthy growth but those appearing at delivery sites are only birth goddesses called Samsinhalmony and Obugami. What make this phenomenon appear in both nations' folklore faiths? Seeing the reason in the fact that common negative concept regarding childbirth exists in both nations' established faiths, the writer comparatively analyzed various cases of delivery-related defilement in both nations' delivery customs. Its result showed that Japan is stronger in delivery-related defilement concept than Korea is. For instance, Japan regard child birth-related defilement more horrible than that related to funeral. Pursuantly, in Japan stricter regulations on childbirth rooms and stricter taboos for babies have been passed down. Besides, in the process of its comparative study on both nations' divine images and appearances, the writer paid attention to the fact that unlike Japan's mountain gods and restroom goddesses appearing at delivery sites, they don't get involved in childbirth in Korea and discussed Japan's theory of reincarnation and its mountain goddess' marginal nature working behind the curtain. I also discussed the phenomenon that both nations' childbirth gods are passed down as Three gods, which means that their faith in childbirth gods has to be seen as a result of the faith in childbirth gods interacting with the faith in Three gods or the Three-gods theory, accordingly I indicated that it is worth re-consideration to see the Three-God Theory as the core of the faith in Samsinhalmoni. Lastly, though in both nations' childbirth faith underlies their fear for divine beings, the faith in childbirth gods, strongly coupled with death heritages, is distributed throughout the nation, which is because Japan's childbirth gods intervening in birth and growth of a new life also actually involve themselves deeply in the sphere of death as well.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.102-114
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• 2021

NDF (No Defect Found) is a phenomenon in which defects have been found in the manufacturing, operation and use of a product or facility, but phenomenon of defects is not reproduced in the subsequent investigation system or the cause of the defects cannot be identified. Recently, with the development of the fourth industrial revolution, convergence of hardware and software technologies in various fields is spreading to products such as aircraft, home appliances, and mobile devices, and the number of parts is increasing due to functional convergence. The application of such convergence technologies and the increase in the number of parts are major factors that lead to an increase in NDF phenomena. NDF phenomena have a significant negative impact on cost, reliability, and reliability for both manufacturers, service providers and operators. On the other hand, due to the nature of NDF phenomena such as difficult and intermittent cause identification and ambiguity in judgment, it is common to underestimate the cost of NDF or fail to take appropriate countermeasures in corporate management. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a methodology for estimating NDF costs by the PAF model which is a quality cost analysis model and ABC (Activity Based Costing) technique. The methodology of this study suggests a detailed procedure and the concept to accurately estimate the NDF costs, using ABC analysis, accounting system information, and IT system data. In addition case studies have validated the methodology. We think this could be a valid methodology to refer to when estimating the cost of other parts. And, it is meaningful to provide important judgment information in the decision-making process based on quality management and ultimately reduce NDF costs by visualizing them separately by major variable factors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2022

Food impaction due to proximal space opening after implant restoration is a very common phenomenon in patients who have implant prosthesis. This occurs because the movement mechanism between the implant and the tooth is different, and it occurs about 30-60% over time. Contributing factors include the arch (mandible), region (posterior teeth), adjacent teeth (non-vital teeth), and antagonist teeth (natural teeth or implants), etc. While this phenomenon cannot be prevented, efforts should be made to minimize it. In order to have an ideal proximal contact as much as possible, the concave shape or the prominent lower proximal shape should be modified to create a symmetrical proximal shape. with the buccal dentate in the upper third height should be adjusted. Other conditions should be modified so that the heights of the marginal ridges are similar. Since an irregular occlusal plane is a cause of poor prognosis, food impaction should be minimized by restoring the ideal occlusal plane by correcting the extruded antagonist and reduction of the disto-buccal cusp.