• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.302-310
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• 2023

Background: The most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), is marked by the formation of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. The impairments of axons and synapses appear in the process of Aβ plaques formation, and this damage could cause neurodegeneration. We previously reported that non-saponin fraction with rich polysaccharide (NFP) from Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) showed neuroprotective effects in AD. However, precise molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effects of NFP from KRG in AD still remains elusive. Methods: To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of NFP from KRG on AD, we conducted proteomic analysis for frontal cortex from vehicle-treated wild-type, vehicle-treated 5XFAD mice, and NFP-treated 5XFAD mice by using nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Metabolic network analysis was additionally performed as the effects of NFP appeared to be associated with metabolism according to the proteome analysis. Results: Starting from 5,470 proteins, 2,636 proteins were selected for hierarchical clustering analysis, and finally 111 proteins were further selected for protein-protein interaction network analysis. A series of these analyses revealed that proteins associated with synapse and mitochondria might be linked to the therapeutic mechanism of NFP. Subsequent metabolic network analysis via genome-scale metabolic models that represent the three mouse groups showed that there were significant changes in metabolic fluxes of mitochondrial carnitine shuttle pathway and mitochondrial beta-oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the therapeutic effects of NFP on AD were associated with synaptic- and mitochondrial-related pathways, and they provided targets for further rigorous studies on precise understanding of the molecular mechanism of NFP.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2016

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia is the primary characteristic of diabetes and is associated with many complications. The role of hyperglycemia in the dysfunction of human cardiac progenitor cells that can regenerate damaged cardiac tissue has been investigated, but the exact mechanism underlying this association is not clear. Thus, we examined whether hyperglycemia could regulate mitochondrial dynamics and lead to cardiac progenitor cell dysfunction, and whether blocking glucose uptake could rescue this dysfunction. High glucose in cardiac progenitor cells results in reduced cell viability and decreased expression of cell cycle-related molecules, including CDK2 and cyclin E. A tube formation assay revealed that hyperglycemia led to a significant decrease in the tube-forming ability of cardiac progenitor cells. Fluorescent labeling of cardiac progenitor cell mitochondria revealed that hyperglycemia alters mitochondrial dynamics and increases expression of fission-related proteins, including Fis1 and Drp1. Moreover, we showed that specific blockage of GLUT1 improved cell viability, tube formation, and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac progenitor cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that high glucose leads to cardiac progenitor cell dysfunction through an increase in mitochondrial fission, and that a GLUT1 blocker can rescue cardiac progenitor cell dysfunction and downregulation of mitochondrial fission. Combined therapy with cardiac progenitor cells and a GLUT1 blocker may provide a novel strategy for cardiac progenitor cell therapy in cardiovascular disease patients with diabetes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 1985

Liver cirrhosis is the common cause of death in Korea today. But, if liver cirrhosis Patients were treated in the early stage of the disease Process, they can have a chance to carry their daily lives with prescribed medical and nursing regimens. Each patient has different health beliefs that there is a different Sick Role Behavior in the process of treatment. In order to increase and control the desired patient's Sick Role Behavior, it is important for nurses to understand the health beliefs influencing Sick Role Behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing Sick Role Behavior and provide objective and scientific data to health education, treatment and nursing care. The subjects for this study were 80 Liver Cirrhosis patients selected from in and out patients of the medical department of four University Hospitals in Seoul, Won Joo and Mok Po city. Data was collected from Sep. 18, to Oct. 15, 1984. The measurement tool was the questionaire that developed by the investigator from the literature review based on Health Belief Model. The data Collection was done by interview. Analysis of data was done by use Mean, S.D., ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The result of study were as follows: 1. The significant influencing variables on the Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Role Behavior in general characteristics were Sex, Marital Status, Educational levels, Family's income and Duration after diagnosis. 2. Between the Sick Role Behavior and Health Belief Model, a) The first hypothesis that the stronger degree of Health Motivation, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Hole Behavior was supported (r=0.7892, p=0.0000). b) The second hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived susceptibility, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patients' Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.6383, p=0.0000) c) The third hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived severity, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patients' Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.5869, p=0.0000). d) The fourth hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived benefit, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis patient's Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.7535, p=0.0000). e) The fifth hypothesis that the lower degree of perceived barrier, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Role Behavior was supported(r=-9.7709, p=0.0000) f) The sixth hypothesis that the higher degree of knowledge in Disease, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis patients'lck Role Behavior was supported (r=0.7538, p=0.0000), g) In the correlation among variables, it was found positive correlation except that perceived barrier was negatively correlated. In the Stepwise Multiple Regression and Independent Variables, the factor“Health Motivation”could account for Sick Role Behavior in 62.28% of the Sample (F=128. 786, p<0.01). When the factor“perceived barrier”is added to this, it account for 70.38% of Sick Role Behavior (F=93.479, p <0.01) and the factor“knowledge in disease”is also included, it account for 74.78% of Sick Role Behavior (F=75.131, p <0.01). Finally, when the factor“perceived susceptibility”is included, it account for 75.03% of Sick Role Behavior (F=56.329, p <0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.66-70
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• 2019

Purpose: The necrotizing fasciitis is a terrifying infectious disease that can rapidly spreads to surrounding tissues when fascia is infected and it can cause sepsis to death if not properly diagnosed and treated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics, causes, and treatment methods of necrotizing fasciitis in Korea through reviewing patients admitted to our burn center. Methods: 21 patients with necrotizing fasciitis were selected for this study among those inpatients with electronic medical records (EMR) admitted to Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Medical Center from Jan 1, 2008 to June 30, 2019. The medical records and wound photos of those 21 selected subjects were reviewed. Results: There were 13 male and 8 female patients and mean age was 58.76 years old. 13 of 21 subjects were survived and 8 died (38% mortality rate). The surgical treatments performed were I&D, fasciotomy, debridement, allograft, burring, STSG, flap, and amputation. The most common causes were burns in 9 subjects (6 contact burns) and cellulitis occurred on skins in 5 subjects. And other various causes were observed as fournier's gangrene, stab wound, intramuscular injection, tumor and bleu toe syndrome (toe necrosis). The infected areas were 11 feet and legs, 7 hips, 3 abdomen and trunk in 21 subjects. Of the 8 deaths, 3 were infected in feet and legs, 2 were infected in hips, and 2 were infected in abdomen and trunk. As for underlying diseases, 12 patients with hypertension or diabetes were the highest and others such as cancer and stroke were found. Conclusion: The only method to increase the survival rate is to 'suspect' the disease as much as possible and perform early extensive excision. It is advisable to treat the disease by the burn center to properly provide adequate and optimal wound management, infection control, medical care and nutritional supports.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2017

Natal teeth that are already present at birth and neonatal teeth that erupt shortly after birth may cause various complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of natal/neonatal teeth in Korean infants who visited to Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital from 2006 to 2015. A retrospective review of clinical data, including the sex of the patients, chief complaints of the mothers, clinical appearances and locations of the natal/neonatal teeth, and associated complications and treatments, was collected. Overall, a total of 75 teeth were found in 48 patients and 69% of the infants had natal teeth, while 31% had neonatal teeth, all of which were mandibular incisors. Females showed more natal/neonatal teeth than males. Major reasons for visiting the dental clinic were parental anxiety, referrals from other clinics, Riga-Fede disease, and pain during breastfeeding. Extraction was the most common treatment choice; observation and grinding were also used.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.600-604
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• 2012

Rotavirus is the main cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children of the world. However, the frequency of genetic alterations makes it hard to control the prophylaxis. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the rotavirus's genetic change is inevitable to prevent disease prevalence and is useful in inventing an efficient vaccine. From January 2005 to December 2010, we investigated 11,607 stool samples of acute gastroenteritis patients in the Incheon metropolitan area. About 13.18% (1,530 stool samples) of all samples had a positive reaction against rotavirus using an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, the 160 stool samples were searched for subtypes of group A rotavirus by using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a nested multiplex RCR. In P sub-typing, P8 (56.3%) was an extremely prevalent genotype, followed by P6 (21.3%), and P1A (10.0%). G1 (39.4%) was most widespread in the G subtype, followed by G4 (25.0%) and G3 (18.8%). G1P8 (35.5%) was the most common G and P subtype combination, followed by G4P6 (19.3%) and G3P8 (13.1%). These results might be useful data for understanding the epidemiological status of group A-rotavirus dispersion in the Incheon metropolitan area.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.211-226
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• 1988

Among 165 patients of esophagus cancer treated by either radiation alone or postoperative radiation, median survival period was 6.6 months, $16\%$ 3 years and $8\%$ 5years crude survival. In biphasic plotting of survival curve semilogarithmically all nonresponder died within one year regardless of treatments and in responder each 1, 2, 3 years survival rate was $80\%,\;70\%,\;60\%$ in the group of postoperative radiation among 20 patients ($54\%$ of 37 patients) respectively and $62\%,\;38\%,\; 23\%$ each in the group of radiation alone among 61 patients ($48\%$ of 128 patients) respectively, better survival rate of postoperative radiation vs radiation alone in 3 year (P<0.01). The most common cause of death was dysphagia $55\%$, and majority of patients died by failure to control the disease locally $62\%,\;88\%$ of stricture were associated with persistenece of cancer in esophagus. $50\%$ of patients was found to have locoregional metastatc nodes. Preoperative diagnostic failure rate was for metastatic locoregional nodes was $54\%$, for grossly metastatic nodes $29.7\%$, for blood borne organ metastasis $13.5\%$, and for local extent of the disease $14\%$. The residual cancer at surgical margin o. postitive node was not effectively killed by either 5000 to 5500 cGy conventional radiation or 5290 to 5750 cGy with 115 cGy fraction in 2 times daily; hyperfractionated radiation. However hyperfractionation schedule decreased the both acute and late complications in this study.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.448-452
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• 2004

Trauma from occlusion(TFO) is injury to the periodontal tissue as a result of occlusal forces. Mobility is a common clinical sign of occlusal trauma. In acute occlusal trauma, this may be accomanied by pain, tenderness to percussion, thermal sensitivity, and pathologic tooth migration. Chronic occlusal trauma may be marked by excessive wear and gingival recession. Radiographic finding include a widened periodontal ligament space, radiolucence and condensation of the alveolar bone and root resorption. TFO is related to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. It can cause increased tooth mobility TFO itself does not initate or aggravate marginal gingivitis or initiate periodontal pockets. Active trauma can accelerate bone loss, pocket formation and gingival recession depending on the presence of local irritants and inflammation. Gingival recession associated with occlusal forces includes traumatic crescent, McCall's festoon and Stillman's cleft. TFO plays a minor role in the pathogenesis of early to moderate periodontitis. A 5-year-old male visited Yonsei University Pedodontics clinic with a chief complaint about gingival recession. Mobility, excessive wear, gingival recession were detected by clinical exam on the both mandibular deciduous ca nine. On the radiographic view, vertical alveolar bone loss was observed on both mandibular deciduous canine.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2023

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, systemic inflammatory disorder that often targets coronary arteries. Being the common cause of acquired heart disease in children, timely diagnosis and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment are crucial. However, it is challenging for physicians to diagnose KD if it presents with atypical manifestations. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy who initially presented with appendicitis; after an appendectomy, he had a prolonged fever. He was finally diagnosed with atypical KD and successfully recovered after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Through a literature review, we found 21 cases of appendicitis associated with KD. In most cases, the patients were male with a mean age of 5.3 years. Most had higher proportions of incomplete KD and coronary artery complications than expected for typical KD. In conclusion, appendicitis could be a rare complication of KD; therefore, multidisciplinary cooperation and early recognition of atypical KD are essential for timely diagnosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1123-1128
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• 1996

A clinical study was performed on 152 cases of surgical esophageal disease treated by the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery of Korea University Hospital from Jan. 1989 through July 1994. The most common esophageal disease was cancer which was seen in 73 cases (48%) among 152 cases. All were treated surgically' 52 patients (71%) were managed by curative or palliative resection with reconstruction and feeding gastrostomy or jejunostomy, otherwise Celestine tube insertion was performed on the remaining 21 patients for palliatio'n. Esophageal leiomyoma occurred in 6 cases(3.9%), among them 1 case was performed with trio recoscopic enucleation . Achalasia were in 7 cases (4.6%) and was treated with modified Heller's m otomy and with Belsey Mark IV operation. Diverticulum were in 11 cases (7.2%). Esophageal stricture occurred in 20 cases (14.1 %) and 17 of 20 cases were managed with bypass surgery. Esophageal perforation was seen in 20 cases, its cause was instrumental trauma in 7 cases, stab wound in 4 cases, foreign body in 4 cases, spontaneous perforation in 3 cases, and others 1 case Other disease including congenital lesion was seen In 1 Scases.