• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2009

This study investigated the effect of kilning condfition on the diastatic power and activities of protease, $\alpha$-amylase, and $\beta$-amylase in rice malt. Common rice (Oryza sativa) was steeped at $30^{\circ}C$ for 50 h, germinated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, and kilned at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The moisture content and enzymatic activities were determined under various kilning times. As a result, the moisture content was reduced from 42.1 % to 3.9% after 24 h of kilning at $50^{\circ}C$. The protease activity of rice malt showed lower value than that of barley malt. All enzymatic activities were decreased during the kilning stage. Results indicated that after prolonged kilning at $50^{\circ}C$, the inactivation of hydrolytic enzymes might be occurred. Even though the amylolytic activity of malted rice showed low value, the rice malt shows the potential characteristics as ingredient for the brewing and cereal industries.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the effects of physical activity on musculoskeletal outcomes in older Koreans. Methods: Experimental studies were retrieved from the search engines (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, RISS, KISS, and KoreaMed). The selected studies for analysis were 27 articles of musculoskeletal outcomes (gait, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, grip strength, endurance, body fat, and weight) from 515 articles. Results: The most common type of physical activity was a resistance exercise. There were significant improvements in gait (71.4%), muscle strength (86.7%), flexibility (63.6%), balance (72.2%), grip strength (71.4%), endurance (71.4%), body fat (57.1%), and weight (28.6%). The activity programs that apply over 150 minutes a week showed greater improvement of 69.5% than 65.0% from those did not meet the guidelines totally. Conclusion: Based on the review, we conclude that regular physical activity in the elderly may improve the musculoskeletal outcomes. To be more effective programs, it is necessary to meet the guidelines of 150 minutes a week or 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activities on 5 days per week for the elderly.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2004

The regulatory mechanism of methionine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum was analyzed at the protein arid gene expression level. O-Acetylhomoserine sulfhydraylase (encoded by metY) was inhibited by 10 mM methionine to a residual activity of 10% level, whereas no such inhibition was found with cystathionine $\gamma$-synthase (encoded by metB) and cystathionine $\beta$-lyase (encoded by metC). The enzymatic activity of homoserine acetyltransferase (encoded by metX) was repressed to a residual activity of 25% level by 10 mM methionine which was added to the growth medium. Cystathionine $\gamma$-synthase and cystathionine $\beta$-lyase were also repressed by 10 mM methionine, but only to a residual activity of 50-70% level. O-Acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase was very sensitive to repression by 10 mM methionine, showing residual activity of 13%. In addition, homoserine acetyltransferase was also repressed by 10 mM cysteine to 50% of its original activity. No repression of the enzymes by S-adenosyl methionine was observed. The pattern of repression by methionine indicated that the metB and aecD genes might be regulated by a common mechanism, while the metA and metY genes are differently regulated.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1998

다양한 동물세포로부터 그 cDNA가 dlining된 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked ADP-ribosyltransferase는 공통적으로 carboxy말단에 풍부한 glutamic acid motif (EEEVLP)를 소유하고 있다. 유사한 motif가 mouse 임파구의 ADP-ribosyltransferase(Yac-2)에서 발견되어진다. Yac-2는 ADP-ribosyltransferase 활성 뿐 아니라 NDA glycohyrolase의 활성도 소유하고 있다. yac-2에 있어, Glutamic acid가 풍부한 motif의 역할을 알아보기 위해 site-directed mutagensis가 수행 되었다. 돌연변이체인 E22OQ, E22OA, E222Q, E222A는 ADP-ribosyltransferase에 대해 불활성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 Yac-2의 220번과 222번의 glutamic acid가 ADP-ribosyltransferase와 NDA glycohydrolase 활성에 필수적임을 나타내는 것으로, 이는 carboxy말단의 glutamic acid들이 Yac-2 효소의 활성에 중요한 역할을 함을 시사하는 것이라 하겠다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose new multiuser detectors (MUDs) based on compressed sensing approaches for the large-scale multiple antenna systems equipped with dozens of low-power antennas. We consider the scenarios where the number of receiver antennas is smaller than the total number of users, but the number of active users is relatively small. This prior information motivates sparsity-embracing MUDs such as sparsity-embracing linear/nonlinear MUDs where the detection of active users and their symbol detection are employed. In addition, sparsity-embracing MUDs with maximum a posteriori probability criterion (MAP-MUDs) are presented. They jointly detect active users and their symbols by exploiting the probability of user activity, and it can be solved efficiently by introducing convex relaxing senses. Furthermore, it is shown that sparsity-embracing MUDs exploiting common users' activity across multiple symbols, i.e., frame-by-frame, can be considered to improve performance. Also, in multiple multiple-input and multiple-output networks with aggressive frequency reuse, we propose the interference cancellation strategy for the proposed sparsity-embracing MUDs. That first cancels out the interference induced by adjacent networks and then recovers the desired users' information by exploiting the low user activity. In simulation studies for binary phase shift keying modulation, numerical evidences establish the effectiveness of our proposed MUDs exploiting low user activity, as compared with the conventional MUD.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2002

We investigated seasonal variation of diurnal activity patterns in Jeiu ponies (Equus caballus). The data were collected from a semi-natural herd during daylight hours from March to September 1998. Over all months the mean proportion of time spent grazing was 83.7% ( $\pm$29.7 S.D.): that resting was 15.7$\pm$17%, grooming 0.7$\pm$1.2%, and moving 0.56$\pm$5.4%, Activity patterns varied with the seasons. The mean proportion of grazing mares peaked during late winter and early spring (March), when there was not enough food, and declined during other seasons (between May and September), when food was abundant. The mean proportion of mares that were resting and mutual grooming peaked in spring (April and May), at which time the weather was warm and food became abundant. During other seasons when grasses started to grow and the weather was mildly cool, these activities were less common. The mean proportion of mares that were moving peaked in June, although it was a small proportion of the total activity. For those mares without foals, resting periods were longer in older mares than in younger mares, but for the mares with foals this pattern was not evident. From these data, we hypothesize that the dominance hierarchy of the mares effects the diurnal activity pattern.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disease triggered by epigenetic alterations, including lysine acetylation at histone or non-histone proteins, affecting the stability or transcription of lipogenic genes. Although various natural dietary compounds have anti-lipogenic effects, their effects on the acetylation status and lipid metabolism in the liver have not been thoroughly investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: Following oleic-palmitic acid (OPA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells, the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, HAT activity, and mRNA expression of representative lipogenic genes, including $PPAR{\gamma}$, SREBP-1c, ACLY, and FASN, were evaluated. Furthermore, correlations between lipid accumulation and HAT activity for 22 representative natural food extracts (NExs) were evaluated. RESULTS: Non-histone protein acetylation increased following OPA treatment and the acetylation of histones H3K9, H4K8, and H4K16 was accelerated, accompanied by an increase in HAT activity. OPA-induced increases in the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes were down-regulated by C-646, a p300/CBP-specific inhibitor. Finally, we detected a positive correlation between HAT activity and lipid accumulation (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.604) using 22 NExs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that NExs have novel applications as nutraceutical agents with HAT inhibitor activity for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.933-947
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop an effective heparin extraction method by using low-cost and highly effective enzymes from six pig by-products (liver, lung, heart, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine), and analyze their bioavailability. Low-cost and highly effective enzymes (alkaline-AK and papain) and a common enzyme (trypsin) were used for the heparin extraction. The angiotensin I- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and the antimicrobial activity of extracted heparin were analyzed to verify their bioavailability. The average amount of heparin extracted per kilogram of pig by-products was 439 mg from the liver, 127 mg from the lung, 398 mg from the heart, 261 mg from the stomach, 197 mg from the small intestine, and 239 mg from the large intestine. Various enzymes were used to extract heparin, and the amount of extracted heparin was similar. Based on 1 g of pig by-product, the enzymes trypsin, papain, and alkaline-AK could extract 1,718 mg, 1,697 mg, and 1,905 mg of heparin, respectively. Heparin extracted from pig by-products showed antihypertensive activity and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at low populations. These results indicated that heparin can be obtained from pig by-products at a low cost.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 논리합성 단계에서의 전력최소화를 위한 새로운 전력소모함수를 제안하고 이의 공통표현추출 과정에의 적용방법에 대해 기술한다. 제안된 새로운 전력소모표현은 노드의 표현 및 구현이 복합게이트(complex gate)로 이루어진다는 가정아래 각 노드에서의 정전용량(capacitance)과 그 스위칭 활동량(switching activity)을 반영하되 정전용량은 노드의 입력 수에 비례한다고 가정한다. 공통 표현 추출, 즉 커널(kernel) 과 큐브(cube) 추출은 사각형 커버링(rectangle covering) 문제로 변환될 수 있으며 본 논문에서는 이러한 과정에서 각 노드의 전력소모 표현을 어떻게 이용하는지 기술하고 실험을 통해 SIS-1.2의 결과와 비교한다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.547-561
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine which nursing activities are performed for patients in each of the nine KDRGs and to examine common nursing activities between patients with the nine KDRGs and special nursing activities which were not common to patients with the nine KDRGs. The study will provide basic data for estimation of nursing fees. The nine KDRGs in model project are Lens procedures, tonsillectomy, &/or adenoidectomy, appendectomy &/or not complicate principal diagnosis, vaginal delivery, cesarean section, anal & stomal procedures, inguinal & femoral hernia, uterine & adneza procedure for nonmalignancy, and simple pneumonia & pleurisy. To determine the nursing activities for each of the nine KDRG, checklists of nursing activities in each nine KDRG were developed from the literature and a total of 115 records of patients 'who were diagnosed and discharged between January and April, 1999 from a tertiary medical center. Nursing activities for each of the nine KDRG were verified through two consecutive content analyses. The results of study are followed as: 1. The checklists of nursing activities developed included direct and indirect nursing activities, for a total of 241 nursing activities. Direct nursing consisted of physical, educational, emotional-socioecomomic-spiritual nursing in 17 areas. Indirect nursing had four areas. 2. Through the two consecutive content analyses, 197 nursing activities were selected, having item CVIs of .83 or more. Those included 81 nursing activities for Lens procedures, 95 for Tonsillectomy &/or Adenoidectomy. 93 in Appendectomy &/or not complicated principal diagnosis, 155 for vaginal delivery, 172 for cesarean section, 89 for anal & stomal procedures, 93 for inguinal & femoral hernia, 108 for uterine & adneza procedures for non-malignancy, and 68 for simple pneumonia & pleurisy. 3. Nursing activities for each of the nine KDRG were compared. Activities with 80% or higher commonality within the nine KDRGs consisted of 86 of 197 nursing activities for the total designated common nursing activities, 30 common nursing activities for patients in the operation group, 45 common activities for patients in the delivery Group. Special nursing activities not common within the nine KDRGs were : 3 for Lens procedures, 1 for Tonsillectomy &/or Adenoidectomy. 2 for Appendectomy &/or not complicated principal diagnosis, 27 for vaginal delivery, 21 for Cesarean section, 6 for anal & stomal procedures, 3 for inguinal & femoral hernia, 16 for uterine & adneza procedure for non-malignancy, 8 for simple pneumonia & pleurisy. In this study, nursing activities for each of the nine KDRGs verified through two consecutive content analyses are those that are performed in the hospital. And, nursing activities for each of the nine KDRGs included all nursing activities from hospital admission to discharge. So. the checklists consisted of nursing activities that allow for an estimation of nursing fees under PPS. The classification of nursing activities in the study will provide a reference for the development of a nursing activity classification.