• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2014

We tested for residual pesticide levels in school foodservice agricultural products in Seoul, Korea from 2010 to 2012. A total of 316 samples of 23 different types of agricultural products were analyzed via gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphate detector (GC-NPD), an electron capture detector (GC-${\mu}ECD$), a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MSD), and a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). We used multi-analysis methods to analyze 185 different pesticide types. Among the selected agricultural products, residual pesticides were detected in 26 samples (8.2%), of which 6 samples (1.9%) exceeded the Korea Maximum Residue limits (MRLs). We detected pesticide residue in more than 65% of the Chwinamul, while 6 among 9 analyzed samples contained pesticide residue, and 1 sample exceeded the Korea MRLs. Among the 185 kinds of pesticides that we have tested, 18 were detected, while 7 of them were detected more than twice. Data obtained were then used for estimating the potential health risks associated with the exposures to these pesticides. The most critical commodity is carbofuran in the perilla leaves, which has contributed 3.8% to the hazard index (HI). These results showed that the detected pesticides could not be considered as a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, constant supervision is recommended.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.79-99
• /
• 2016

Supply network of automobile part is addressed with the e-invoices generated at real time. Automobile is composed of 8 modules. Firms which produce these modules are defined as the first outsourcing firm. Brake is the part of power control module and so, brake manufacturing firm is called the second outsourcing firm. In this paper, the third supply networks of brake manufacturing firms is analyzed with e-invoices and social network method. At the node-level, the third outsourcing firms are classified into 3 categories, interator, allocator and hub with respect to their role at the ego-network of each brake manufacturing firm. At the network level, A2, one of 3 brake manufacturing firms have more outsourcing firms and bigger centrality than the other brake manufacturing firms. Intre-firms trade patterns are, also, analyzed by using the degree of trade dedication with respect to the modes of business. It is shown that trade pattern of retail, commodity brokerage firm, rubber and plastic manufacturing firm are hierarchical trade because their degree of trade dedication is almost near to 1.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.308-313
• /
• 1996

The appropriate drying method in medicinal compounds and color of peony root was that predrying at briquet fire $(40{\sim}60^{\circ}C)$ for 6 hours or more, and then hot air drying at $40^{\circ}C$ during 60 hours. But this method needs too much time in drying. And the method that drying at $40^{\sim}C$ with hot air drying has bad result in color. In case Peony was seld by cutting product, before cutting, the Peony root was retted for 30 min. and sealed for 12 hrs. is good for drying time, Peoniflorin content and commodity.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.29-45
• /
• 1999

This study reviewed theories on entrepreneurial local governance and inquired the changing regional policy in Chonnam region. The region became exposure as the direct investment unit of global capital by globalization of capital, the inter-regional competition and the relative reduction of the role and function of nation state. Therefore local government have the relative autonomy and the region is effected as the chosen space by capital according to the free movement of capital. It has been argued that there has been a reorientation of urban governance away from the local provision of welfare and services to a more outward-orientated stance designed to foster and encourage local growth and economic development. These profound changes in the way that cities operate have seen the public sector taking over characteristics once distinctive to the private sector leading many commentators to term such modes of governance as entrepreneurial. In Chonnam region, many local governments are introducing entrepreneurial policies for regional development. It appears as place marketing strategy to attract capital and tourists. This strategy is very important to used identity or culture of region in order to make the attractive region. The entrepreneurial characteristics and strategies appear as image unification of region, commodity development of natural or cultural resource, event and business projects. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial policy that is based upon regional growth can cause the problem of social justice like distributional distortion and inequality.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the economic injury level and economic threshold level on beet (Beta vulgaris L.) infested with Spoladea recurvalis in the plastic greenhouse condition in 2010. The second instar larvae of S. recurvalis were inoculated with 7 different density levels on the each 10 beet plants as a replication. Injury levels of beet leaves and density of S. recurvalis were increased with the inoculation density of S. recurvalis. However, yield and marketable commodity of beet were decreased. Linear relationship between the percent yield reduction (Y) of beet leaves and different infestation densities of S. recurvalis (X) was estimated by the following equation Y = 1.226x + 3.36. Based on the relationships between the densities of S. recurvalis larvae and yield index of beet leaves, the number of second instar larvae which caused 5% loss of yield, economic threshold level was estimated as 1.1 larvae/10 plants for the planting 10 days. The percent yield reduction (Y) of beet roots infested with different densities of S. recurvalis (X) estimated by the following equation Y = 1.537x + 1.4634 after inoculation for 10 days at 3rd harvesting of leaves. Based on the relationships between the densities of S. recurvalis larvae and yield index of beet roots, the number of second instar larvae which caused 5% loss of yield, economic threshold level was estimated as 6.4 larvae/10 plants for the planting 10 days.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.438-442
• /
• 2013

The study of bioproduct production from inexpensive biomass such as marine biomass has recently attracted considerable attention. Because, marine biomass which compared to land biomass, it can be grown rapidly and is easily cultivated without the need for expensive equipment. In addition, the carbohydrate contents are similar or higher than land biomass such as woody biomass and can be easily converted to chemicals through proper chemical processes. In the production of various biochemicals from marine biomass, levulinic acid is a highly versatile chemical with numerous industrial uses and has the potential to become a commodity chemical. It can be used as a raw material for resins, plasticizers, textiles, animal feed, coatings and antifreeze. In this study, experiments were carried out to determine the optimum conditions of temperature, acid concentration and reaction time for production of levulinic acid from marine biomass, Gelidium amansii, using two-step treatment. In the first hydrolysis step, solid-state cellulose which was used to produce ethanol by fermentation and liquid-state galactose which used to produce bioproduct such as levulinic aicd were obtained through acid soaking. In the second hydrolysis step, the liquid-state galactose was converted into levulinic acid via a high-temperature reaction in a batch reactor. As a result, the overall production yield of Gelidium amansii to levulinic acid in the two-step acid hydrolysis was approximately 20.6% on the initial biomass basis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2016

Recent research has been ongoing for modular buildings in the country and interest increases. However, the activation of modular building projects is obstructed in the construction industry. There are many reasons to identity for this obstruction but one issue should be focussed. Modular buildings require to change the existing construction production system to a new construction production system, which is factory production - transportation - erection. However, the existing project delivery system in the public sector could not be adapted for this new construction production system due to the obligation of multi prime contract use, such as electrical, communication, fire fighting contracts by Law. Therefore, modular buildings in the existing project delivery system are separately contracted by multi prime contracts and modular units composed of the buildings are contracted by an architectural prime contractor as a commodity. As results, construction costs are increased, potential quality problems are raised and the existing project delivery system is finally an obstacle not to maximize benefits of the modular buildings. In this paper, we propose a new project delivery system for the modular buildings to adapt then ew construction production system.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.97-107
• /
• 2016

CM services have been focused on the advancement of the CM industry and expansion to overseas market based on CM capabilities. However, there has been lack of quantitative and comprehensive research to investigate current CM trends and prospects for improving competitiveness. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to statistically analyze total of 3,453 CM service contracts over the past 18 years (between 1997 and 2014) in term of market type, contract size, owner's type, commodity type. Finding of this research reveal that 1) compared to 2005, CM market size in 2015 increased as much as 2.5 times, and that 2) domestic CM projects count for 87.5%, architectural project 88.4%, less than 1 billion won small contracts 75%, respectively. Also, recently as CM company are developing capability and competitiveness, 1) overseas CM market share has grown up to 20% among total CM contract amount, and 2) CM contracts by private owners has increased 3 times demanding the total management services based on high technical capability. Additionally, the result of this paper supports the growth path model proposed by Jung et al. (2014), where a path from Domestic Public (DP3) and Domestic Private (DC2) CM projects towards the expansion to International Private (IC5) contracts was quantitatively analyzed. Implications for other practical issues are also briefly discussed.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.103-107
• /
• 2014

Acrylic acid is a commodity chemical which is applicable for various industries such as polymer and textile industry. Currently, it has been produced by chemical synthesis from petroleum. However, due to the high price of petroleum and global $CO_2$ emission, renewable materials such as sugar are interesting alternative carbon sources for the biological production of acrylic acid. For an economic production of acrylic acid from renewable carbon sources, a cost effective separation process for acrylic acid should be needed. In this study, reactive extraction by TOA (tri-n-octylamine) was used for the recovery of acrylic acid from its aqueous solutions. The effects of polarity of diluents and concentration of TOA on extraction equilibrium were investigated. The extraction efficiency was proportional to concentration of TOA and polarity of diluents and its value was more than 95% in the case of sufficient concentration of TOA. From IR spectroscopy, it was concluded that the ratio of (1,1) acid-amine complex was increased and the ratio of acid dimer was decreased with concentration of TOA. Equilibrium model based on IR spectroscopy was well fitted with experimental data.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.309-312
• /
• 2006

Aflatoxin $B_1$ in 70 retail samples, including 40 food-grade peanut (28 domestic, 12 imported) and 30 peanut butter (12 domestic, 18 imported) samples, was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FD), and positive samples were confirmed using HPLC with mass spectrometry (MS). Recoveries of aflatoxin $B_1$ spiked at 2 ppb exceeded 80% in both commodities. Detection limits for aflatoxin $B_1$ by HPLC-FD and MS analysis were 0.8 and 0.1 ppb, respectively. Four domestic and six imported peanut samples contained detectable levels of aflatoxin $B_1$ with means of 19 and 32 ppb, respectively. Aflatoxin $B_1$ was found in two domestic and three imported peanut butter samples with mean aflatoxin $B_1$ of 10 and 12 ppb, respectively. Peanut commodity showed more frequent aflatoxin $B_1$ contamination compared to its processed peanut butter product, and levels of aflatoxin $B_1$, especially in imported peanuts, were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of other commodities. These results suggest peanut and peanut butter are not major contributors to dietary intake of aflatoxin $B_1$ in South Korea.