• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the productivity change of pollock enterprise by applying a mutually quadratic hyperbolic model and a bootstrapping model. This study used 20 units of pollock firms data (from 2013 to 2017). As a result of total productivity analysis of twenty pollock enterprises, total factor productivity was estimated to have decreased by 24.9% over the last five years (2013~2017). The main cause of this productivity decline was analyzed by technical change. In terms of annual productivity change, it showed decrease 3.0% in 2013~2014, 7.8% in 2014~2015, 4.5% in 2015~2016 and 4.7% in 2016~2017 respectively. In the analysis of productivity by corporation type, total factor productivity showed a significant decrease in both general corporation and external corporation, and productivity decrease (-29.3%) was larger than general corporation (-23.0%). In the productivity analysis by type of business, total factor productivity decreased significantly in the order of wholesale and commodity brokerage (-26.3%), food manufacturing (-25.1%) and fisheries (-15.3%). This decrease in productivity was caused by the technological change which indicates a downward shift in the production curve that is significant in all sectors.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2021

Purpose: In this study, with the transaction amount of foreign direct Purchase and foreign direct sales increasing, South Korea is in a situation where foreign direct sales are focused on China. We looked at the impact of consumer innovation and site characteristics on repurchase ability among the characteristics of overseas direct purchase consumers as a way to make direct overseas sales to various overseas countries. Research design, data and methodology: Consumer innovativeness consists of four variables: functional, hedonistic, social, and cognitive, and the site characteristics consisted of four variables: product price, product assortment, convenience, and service. The study was conducted on consumers with foreign direct purchase experience, and was finally used in 252 additional analyses. Results: The main findings of this study were first, that the impact on the degree of re-purchase among consumer innovativeness of foreign direct purchase consumers had a significant impact in the order of cognitive innovativeness, hedonistic innovativeness, and functional innovativeness. Social innovativeness did not affect the degree of re-purchase. Second, site characteristics have been found to have a significant impact on the degree of re-purchase in order of product assortment, commodity price, and service. Convenience did not affect the degree of re-purchase. Conclusions Taken together these results can be called the biggest characteristic of the cognitive innovativeness of the consumer's inclination to use the overseas direct purchase, the price or quick response of the goods sold on the site is a factor that affects the re-purchase, above all it is important to have a variety of products. We will present this element as a way to make direct sales abroad to various countries. In addition, foreign direct purchase is a lot of transactions in China, the United States, EU, but the share of China is high in foreign direct sales, and the U.S. and EU have a very low performance, it is important to consider the reasons why they prefer Korean products in China to study the social and cultural characteristics of U.S. and European consumers in the future, and to support and active marketing that companies and sellers can increase sales.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.131-148
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• 2021

Upcycling is a sustainable way to recycle waste resources and solve the global problem of environmental pollution. Upcycling is now attracting attention as fiberization and the disposal of waste clothing have become a serious issue. However, the customer's willingness to purchase upcycled products should be increased by propagating that the product value of a reborn commodity is of high value; these products are meant for new purposes and prepared with recycled materials. In this study, we created 11 designer items by applying an eco-friendly concept in the design process of upcycled textiles and products. From 2020 to 2021, a PBL(Problem Based Learning) curriculum was taught in design planning classes. The final 11 design items were derived after developing an eco-friendly product design for upcycled textiles. These final items were as follows: 5 fashion bags, 3 dog products, 1 clothing, 1 fashion accessory, and 1 sanitary mask design. In order to develop only one aesthetic design idea for upcycling, we considered the following features: user-centered convenience, functionality, and practicality. Then, tie-dye, drawing, patchwork, and embroidery were used to create innovative design items. The product design of recycled materials is based on high functionality, waterproofing, and the use of organic natural materials. The results of this study indicate that the creative product design of upcycling has contributed to a sustainable and eco-friendly environment. Related research studies must be conducted for innovating the continuous design process of the future.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.131-144
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate market power of soybeans exported by the United States to Korea. Particularly, this paper considered dichotomous characteristics of genetically modified (GM) soybeans and non-GM soybeans and conducted empirical analysis of these two segregated soybean markets to understand key tenets of market power in international soybean trade. Design/methodology - The difference in market power between GM and non-GM soybeans was analyzed using Residual Demand Elasticity (RDE) and Residual Supply Elasticity (RSE) models over the period of 2008~2018. RDE and RSE models under an imperfect competition condition were used to estimate market margins and determine whether GM and non-GM exporters or importers exercised market power in the destination market. Findings - Empirical results suggested that the U.S. had a market power on both GM and non-GM soybean exports. GM exports had greater market power than non-GM exports (14% vs. 9%). By contrast, Korea showed an inability to grab market margin or exert market power in soybean imports. Both export supply by the U.S. and import demand by Korea were found to be more responsive to price changes of GM soybeans than to prices changes of non-GM soybeans. This might be due to a self-interested, profit-seeking strategy by the exporter and many concerned consumers regarding potential adverse effects of GMOs in the importing country. Originality/value - This paper fills the literature gap by exploiting market power in both GM and non-GM markets with explicit consideration of price correlations between GM and non-GM soybeans in Korea. A number of existing studies have provided evidence for market power broadly embedded in international commodity trade. However, studies focusing on Korean markets are limited. No study has explored the country's soybean trade. Furthermore, the majority of prior studies have almost exclusively focused on the market power from a standpoint of exporting countries without discussing importers' market structure. This paper also sought to understand potentially distinguished patterns of market power between GM and non-GM markets.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.3950-3969
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• 2021

Radio Frequency (RF)-based indoor localization technologies play significant roles in various Internet of Things (IoT) services (e.g., location-based service). Most such technologies require that all the devices comply with a specified technology (e.g., WiFi, ZigBee, and Bluetooth). However, this requirement limits its application scenarios in today's IoT context where multiple devices complied with different standards coexist in a shared environment. To bridge the gap, in this paper, we propose a cross-technology localization approach, which is able to localize target nodes using a different type of devices. Specifically, the proposed framework reuses the existing WiFi infrastructure without introducing additional cost to localize Non-WiFi device (i.e., ZigBee). The key idea is to leverage the interference between devices that share the same operating frequency (e.g., 2.4GHz). Such interference exhibits unique patterns that depend on the target device's location, thus it can be leveraged for cross-technology localization. The proposed framework uses Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to extract salient features of the received WiFi signals, and leverages Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) to improve the robustness of our system. We conduct experiments in real scenario and investigate the impact of different factors. Experimental results show that the average localization accuracy of our prototype can reach 1.54m, which demonstrates a promising direction of building cross-technology technologies to fulfill the needs of modern IoT context.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.247-256
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• 2021

With the continuous progress and development of the social economy, the importance of commodity packaging is increasingly manifested. It has become an important form of communication between businesses and consumers, and an important means of competition between businesses. The research scope of the thesis: First, through literature investigation, analyze the function of packaging design and consumers' buying attitude, and analyze the name, color, logo, illustration, etc. for general chocolate packaging and travel souvenir chocolate packaging. Research method: Through questionnaire survey, according to consumers' purchasing attitude and personal value of package design, we have in-depth understanding of consumers' purchasing power and package design's influence on purchasing conditions and research. According to the results of this study, first, from the perspective of general chocolate packaging and travel souvenir chocolate packaging to consumer consumption phenomena, general chocolate is more popular. Second, when consumers buy products, the taste of chocolate is more important than product packaging design. Third, in each product group, consumers value their own value when buying chocolate products. Fourth, due to the two important attributes of packaging design and taste, ordinary chocolate has a higher purchase intention than travel souvenir chocolate.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2021

Purpose - This study intended to identify the effects of varied institutional systems and policies that regulate or define operations of enterprises upon the profitability of private enterprises through case analysis. Design/methodology/approach - The systems and differences in the institution and commodity distribution in Korea and Japan, which define the operation of the "Garak Wholesale Market" and "Ota Wholesale Market". We were examined in the presentthis study, and the statistical data pertinent to the trade volume and profitability of wholesale market corporations that substantially run both markets, were analyzed. Findings - The competition among the corporations that run the "Garak Wholesale Market" substantially is limited due to regulations over the mode of transaction and monopoly of trust thereby significantly higher level of profitability and safety are guaranteed. However, the institutional autonomy that enabled each distributor in the "Ota Wholesale Market" to compete with each other freely caused the distributors therein face difficulties in securing stable profits due to the relatively poor level of profitability resulted from the autonomy. Research implications or Originality - It seems the autonomy in commercial transaction in the "Garak Wholesale Market" in Korea needs to be secured to promote the competition of distributors therein through an amelioration of institutional systems and amendment of relevant laws that prescribe current management of various distributors/operators in the market.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1267-1267
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• 2001

The existing fruit sorter has the method of tilting tray and extracting fruits by the action of solenoid or springs. In peaches, the most sort processing is supported by man because the sorter make fatal damage to peaches. In order to sustain commodity and quality of peach non-destructive, non-contact and real time based sorter was needed. This study was performed to develop peach sorter using near-infrared spectroscopy in real time and nondestructively. The prototype was developed to decrease internal and external damage of peach caused by the sorter, which had a way of extracting tray with it. To decrease positioning error of measuring sugar contents in peaches, fiber optic with two direction diverged was developed and attached to the prototype. The program for sorting and operating the prototype was developed using visual basic 6.0 language to measure several quality index such as chlorophyll, some defect, sugar contents. The all sorting result was saved to return farmers for being index of good quality production. Using the prototype, program and MLR(multiple linear regression) model, it was possible to estimate sugar content of peaches with the determination coefficient of 0.71 and SEC of 0.42bx using 16 wavelengths. The developed MLR model had determination coefficient of 0.69, and SEP of 0.49bx, it was better result than single point measurement of 1999's. The peach sweetness grading system based on NIR reflectance method, which consists of photodiode-array sensor, quartz-halogen lamp and fiber optic diverged two bundles for transmitting the light and detecting the reflected light, was developed and evaluated. It was possible to predict the soluble solid contents of peaches in real time and nondestructively using the system which had the accuracy of 91 percentage and the capacity of 7,200 peaches per an hour for grading 2 classes by sugar contents. Draining is one of important factors for production peaches having good qualities. The reason why one farm's product belows others could be estimated for bad draining, over-much nitrogen fertilizer, soil characteristics, etc. After this, the report saved by the peach grading system will have to be good materials to farmers for production high quality peaches. They could share the result or compare with others and diagnose their cultural practice.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 2023

An attempt has been made in this article to discuss the fundamentals of technical analysis of the stock market. A retail investor or trader may not have the wherewithal to source that kind of information. Technical analysis requires a candlestick chart only. Most of the brokers in India provide charting solutions as well. Studying the price action of a security or commodity or Forex generally indicates a price pattern. Prices react at certain levels and widely known as support and resistance levels. Since whatever is happening with the price of the security is considered to be a part of a pattern or cycle which has already played out sometime in the past, these studies help a keen technical analyst to identify with certain probability, the future movement of the price. Study of the candlestick patterns, price action, volumes and indicators offer the opportunities to identify a high probability trade with probable target and a stop loss. A trader or investor can take high probability trade or position and control only her losses.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.37-60
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• 1993

Because of the rapid growing traffic volumes of cargo, especially between Seoul and Inchon, and lack of investment into transport infrastructure in the past, in Kyong-in area have suffered from the serious traffic congestion in the public-road and the express-way network, But the further expansion of the traffic volume in near future is difficult due to burden of the higher expansion of the traffic volume in near future is difficult due to burden of the higher construction cost. Although the traffic congestion on the Kyung-in railway, is not very serious comparing with the road sector, the shortage of capacity on some main lines becomes emerged as a problem as railway traffic has increased. Unlike these two modes, the water transport, which has been paid relatively less attention for commodity transport in Kyong-in area, has not any constaint in this respect. Han river has been used as a water transport route in Chosun Dynasty which is called Cho-wun. This paper therefore aims to propose the availability of Han river as the alternative water transportation mode, in order to decrease the congestion between Seoul-Inchon by considering the construction of Kyong-in artificial water channel in near future. In this paper, we investigate the availability of Nanji-do as the physical distribution depot connecting with the circulation express way in the national capital distribution depot connecting with the circulation express way in the national capital. We also estimate the traffic volume by using the push-barge carrier (300DWT) in the same channel through the simulation under some assumptions such as ship's turnaround time, speed, etc.