• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2004

A license under UCITA(Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act) which represents the first comprehensive uniform computer information licensing law is not fundamentally rooted in intellectual property law such as patent or copyright law. A license under UCITA is simply a commercial contract, dependent wholly on the parties' ability to enter into a normal, commercial contract, just as a contract of sale or lease is simply and wholly a commercial contract. However, intellectual property rights may be licensed in a contract subject to UCITA. UCITA may not be used to vary or extend informational rights that are intellectual property rights, and expressly recognizes preemption by copyright, patent, or other federal intellectual property law in Section 105(b). Like the law of sales and leases, in general, the right to contract is constrained by principles of unconscionability, good faith and fair dealing, UCITA has an additional restraint, an express power for a court to deny enforcement of a provision in a licensing contract that violates fundamental public policy. This public policy defense is unique in UCITA. An essential purpose of this defense is to give courts some latitude in reconciling commercial licensing law with the principles of intellectual property law. Most intellectual property law is federal, and UCITA expressly recognizes the preemptive effect of that federal law. But the public policy defense gives courts an additional power to consider intellectual property principles purely within the context commercial law.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.418-425
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• 2022

For a commercial building, property managers play an important role in maximizing the benefit by reducing cost and increasing revenue in the operation and maintenance phase of the building. However, most of property managers are spending their time in monitoring facility managers who have little impact on cost reduction and maximization of operating profit. The industry practitioners have difficutlty in increasing the efficiency of thier work due to this work environment. In addition, both property managers(PMr) and facility managers(FMr) are dependent on the paper drawings and manuals, which can worsen the inefficiency and human errors are inevitable. This study aims to contribute to improvement of the current practice by developing a novel algorithm that autmatically links the facility information with 3D model, which can provide an efficient property management for commercial buildings.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2001

A diesel engine oil formulated in KRICT and a commercial diesel engine oil (API CG-4) were tested by car and their Kinematic Viscosity, TAN, TBN, metal content, additive depletion, anti-wear property and IR analysis were analyzed. From the research, both of the tested oils had almost the same properties f3r the change of TAN and TBN, but the change of Kinematic Viscosity of formulated oil was slightly higher than that of commercial oil. The iron content in the commercial oil increased rapidly from 7000 km while that of the formulated oil was still low. These results were confirmed by the anti-wear test with a 4-ball wear test machine for the each samples. Also, for the commercial oil, the depletion factor of the Zn-DTP which was added as an anti-wear property did not change any more after 7000 km. But, that of the formulated oil changed continuously to 8000 km, which means that the ability to prevent wear of the sliding pairs exists for the formulated oil. From the analysis results of oil properties obtained by field test, it was found that the commercial oil could be used only within 7000 km, but the formulated oil could be used more than 8000 km without severe wear of the sliding parts in the diesel engine.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.44-67
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• 2017

Commercial properties are gaining importance in the national economy, drawing more and more interests from agencies and individuals. Therefore, objective and accurate investment information needs to be supplied in order to support rational decision making and market transparency. To contribute to guiding the Korean commercial property market to become as transparent and competitive as the markets of developed countries, this study aims to seek for ways to establish a Korean commercial property information framework. As part of the activities to achieve the goal, the Korean commercial property market information was first evaluated in terms of data collection, production and operation. Then, US NCREIF, which is operated by the private sector, and Singapore's URA, managed by the public sector, were considered as the examples of well-managed foreign commercial property market information frameworks. Efficient management of the system requires establishing a monitoring scheme, and users' accessibility and information availability will be enhanced through phased expansion of the information.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.79-91
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• 1988

The present survey was designed to find out the utilization status of korean traditional cookies and the evaluation degrees of their commercial products' quality subjects. The subjects were housewives randomly selected who lived in Seoul, Deajeon, Youngju city (Kyoung Buk Province area), and Sechon khun (Chung Nam province area). We performed this survey from November 16 to 28, 1987 by questionnaire method. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; 1) In the subjects' home, 25 kinds of Korean traditional cookies were used. All of them Youmilkwa and Kangjeong type were used more frequently than the other types and Jeonkwa, Dasik, and Suksilkwa were used scarcely. 2) Korean traditional cookies which were showed more than 20% of utilization ratio were follows; Yackwa (74.4%), Sanja (26.8%), Taraekwa (22.6%), Seban-kangjeong (21.7%). 3) On New Year's day, Korean traditional cookies were used more frequently than harvest festival day but their utilization ratio of western cookies was follows; New Year's day was 10%, and harvest festival day was 6.2%. 5) On ceremonial day, Youmilkwa and kangjeong type were used more frequently than jeonkwa, Dasik, and Suksilkwa type. 6) All of ceremonial days, korean traditional cookies were used most frequently on the 60th birth day and their utilization ratio was extremely low on the 100th day after birth, 1st birth day, and funeral day. 7) Generally western cookies were used more frequently than Korean traditional cookies on the birth day of children and adults. 8) Convinience (64.8%) was the most favored cause purchasing the commercial products but many subjects (37.0%) wanted to make the Korean traditional cookies at home. 9) All the quality properties of commercial products, taste, package, and storage property were favored but price and hygienic property were poorly evaluated by subjects. The evaluation about taste and package property of commercial products was affected by academic career (p<0.05), and shelf life was affected by age (P<0.01) significantly. And hygienic property was significantly affected by age and academic career respectively. (P<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2008

This study proposes a technique to estimate the material property of a paper by using an experimental methods and commercial CAE software. Under gravitation, if one side of the paper is attached to the ground, the opposite side of paper is largely deformed, and vibrates freely. Since the paper has an orthotropic characteristic due to its treatment, the deformations in two orthogonal directions of the dry paper are different. An experimental method to measure the static deformation of the paper introduces this phenomenon. And dynamic behavior, frequency of free vibration is measured. And then. virtual prototypes that can represent the static and dynamic behavior are modeled by using the commercial CAE software $RecurDyn^{MT}$/MTT3D, which has been widely used by the printer makers. While comparing the deformation and frequency from the experiment and simulation, a design optimization technique in the commercial CAE software of R-INOPL, $RecurDyn^{TM}$/AutoDesign is used to estimate the material property such as Young's modulus, shear modulus and density of the paper.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.77-98
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• 2021

International commercial mediation of intellectual property rights fully meets the interests of the parties in such disputes in terms of their needs for neutral forum of dispute resolution, cost-effective settlement, objective opinion of relevant experts, internationally enforceable solution. In addition, as a procedural flexibility, respected self-determination of the parties, exploration of possible creative business solutions, maintenance of business relationship and confidentiality of mediation are major characteristics which can be competitively differentiated from the lawsuit or arbitration. The settlement agreement as a result of the WIPO mediation has an effect of contract while the settlement agreement as a result of most domestic ones has an effect of judicial reconciliation which can be domestically enforced. The latter is not subject to the application of the Singapore Convention on Mediation which establishes a harmonized legal framework for the right to invoke settlement agreements as well as for their enforcement. The WIPO international mediation system and its experience may be a good reference for Korea to take an initiative to establish a globally competitive international mediation system in the area of intellectual property rights.

• Atmosphere
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 2024

In this study, we empirically analyzed the impact of physical risks due to climate change on the soundness and operational performance of the financial industry by combining economics and climatology. Particularly, unlike previous studies, we employed the Seasonal-Trend decomposition using LOESS (STL) method to extract trends of climate-related risk variables and economic-financial variables, conducting a two-stage empirical analysis. In the first stage estimation, we found that the delinquency rate and the Bank for International Settlement (BIS) ratio of commercial banks have significant negative effects on the damage caused by natural disasters, frequency of heavy rainfall, average temperature, and number of typhoons. On the other hand, for insurance companies, the damage from natural disasters, frequency of heavy rainfall, frequency of heavy snowfall, and annual average temperature have significant negative effects on return on assets (ROA) and the risk-based capital ratio (RBC). In the second stage estimation, based on the first stage results, we predicted the soundness and operational performance indicators of commercial banks and insurance companies until 2035. According to the forecast results, the delinquency rate of commercial banks is expected to increase steadily until 2035 under assumption that recent years' trend continues until 2035. It indicates that banks' managerial risk can be seriously worsened from climate change. Also the BIS ratio is expected to decrease which also indicates weakening safety buffer against climate risks over time. Additionally, the ROA of insurance companies is expected to decrease, followed by an increase in the RBC, and then a subsequent decrease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.152-160
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• 1997

A diesel engine oil which was formulated and a commercial diesel engine oil (API CG4) made from same base oil were tested by car and analyzed of their physical, chemical and mechanical properties. The tested oil to be analyzed were sampled from engine every 1000 km until 8000 km and determined the kinematic viscosity, TAN, TBN, metal content in oil, additive depletion, antiwear property and IR analysis. From the study, both the tested oils were almost same properties for the change of TAN and TBN, but the change of kinematic viscosity of formulated oil was slightly higher than that of commercial oil. But the concentration of metal in the formulated oil, especially iron, were increased much less during test. The iron content of the commercial oil was increase rapidly from 7000 km while the formulated oil was still low. These results were conformed by the antiwear test by 4-ball wear test machine for the samples. Also for the commercial oil, the depletion factor of the Zn-DTP which was added as an antiwear property was not change any more after 7000 km. But the formulated oil was change continuously until 8000 km, which mean that the ability of wear protection of the sliding parts exists for the formulated oil. With the results which were analyzed of the properties of oils by field test, it was found that the commercial oil could be used only within 7000 km, but the formulated oil can use more than 8000 km without severe wear of the sliding parts in the diesel engine.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.148-154
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• 2005

Thermostable property is one of most important characteristics of graphite. Commercial graphites sheet from expanded graphite is using for high-temperature elements. Nowadays the new plant with high performance is developed in field of chemical industries, so the need of graphites is increasing rapidly. In this paper, the thermostable properties of newly developed graphite products with high density is investigated. I introduced the graphite material which developed for these heat tests by NGF method in order to test thermostable properties by comparing to the results of the commercial graphite sheet from expanded graphite in same condition. Through measuring the weight reducing ratio with various specimens in some conditions, I investigated the thermostable characteristics of these materials. It is verified that the graphite products by NGF method has almost same or superior thermostable properties comparing with that of commercial graphite sheet. Also the graphite products by NGF method have possibility of being better in thermostable properties.